Ungabi Uxhoba Ngezenzo Zoshishino Ezingafanelekanga-Bonke abathengi banamalungelo.
Siye sabona izihloko kwiindaba zexesha kunye nexesha kwakhona. Kanti elinye ishishini lifunyaniswa netyala lokusebenzisa umthengi ngendlela yokuxhaphaza. Ngelixa iindaba ezimbi kukuba ezi gwenxa zibonakala zihamba kakhulu, iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba njengomthengi, ukhuselwe. Enoba ujongene nokuziphatha okungekho sikweni okanye ukukhwabanisa kwangempela, amalungelo omthengi kunye nemithetho yokukhusela abathengi inika indlela yokuba abantu balwe.
Imithetho yokukhusela abathengi yindlela yolawulo karhulumente ekhoyo kumgangatho wesigqeba kunye nombuso. Kukho imibutho emininzi karhulumente ekhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwabathengi ezifana ne-Federal Trade Commission eyadalwa ngo-1914. Iinjongo zabo ziphindwe kathathu:
- Ukuthintela iinkqubo zoshishino ezinxamnye nokukhuphisana okanye ezikhohlisa okanye ezingalunganga kubathengi;
- Ukuphucula ukhetho lwabathengi ngolwazi kunye nokuqonda koluntu kwinkqubo yokukhuphisana, kwaye;
- Ukufezekisa oku ngaphandle kokunyanzelisa ngokungafanelekileyo umsebenzi wezoshishino.
I-Business Business Bureau enye inhlangano eyenza ukukhusela umboleki.
Ngoko ke yintoni eminye yemithetho esemqoka yokukhusela abathengi okufanele niyazi? Nazi imigaqo embalwa ebalulekileyo wonke umntu omele ayazi:
Ukuchithwa
Ukujongana ne-bankruptcy ngokucacileyo akusiyo imeko efanelekileyo yezemali ukuba ibe kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumene kule meko enzima, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ze-bankruptcy phantsi kweSihloko 11 se-US Bankruptcy Code enganika umntu, isibini esitshatileyo okanye zoshishino iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunikwa kwetyala.
Nangona kunjalo, gcinani engqondweni ukuba ukufakela i-bankruptcy kufake inxalenye yerekodi yengxelo yemboleko ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi leyo inokuthi ikwazi ukukhawulela i-creditworthiness ixesha elide. Ezi zintathu iintlobo zokufakela i-bankruptcy:
- Isahluko 7- Sinikezela ukuhlaliswa ngokupheleleyo kweempahla kunye neemfanelo zamashishini. Umboleki akaxhomekeke kumvuzo / ukulungiswa kwemvuzo emva kokufakela iSahluko 7. Imithetho yombhalo iyahluka, kodwa ipropati ethile ayikhutshwe kwi-Sahluko 7 sokuchithwa, njengokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, amanye amatyala awakwazi ukukhutshwa, njenge-alimony, inkxaso yenkxaso yabantwana kunye nemali ebolekelelwe esetyenziselwa ukwenza izenzo zobugebengu. Khumbula, ukungafihli kunye nokungafani kuyahlukahluka kwimeko.
- Isahluko 13- Sifana neSahluko 11, iSahluko 13 sikwenqabela ababolekisi ukuba baxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye okanye abatyatileyo xa bevumela ukulungiswa kwakhona kwetyala lakho. Kukho imfuno yengeniso enxulumene namatyala kunye nokunciphisa ityala elipheleleyo ukwenzela ukulandela iSahluko 13.
- Isahluko 11- Ivumela ishishini okanye umntu oqeshwe ngabanye ukuba aqhube ukusebenza ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuchithwa kwemali ngelixa amatyala ahlelwe kwakhona phantsi kokuhlaziywa kwenkundla yebhanki. Ngokungafani neSahluko 13, ukulungiswa kwakhona kuhambelana nokuvunyelwa yininzi enkulu yabathengi.
I-Fair Credit Reporting Law
I-Congress idlulisele imithetho emininzi ezama ukukhusela abathengi xa ifumana okanye izama ukufumana iitaliti. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-Fair Credit Reporting Law. Khumbula, i-credit kunye neengxelo zekredithi zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezifana nesicelo sekhredithi, izicelo ze-inshorensi kunye nezicelo zengqesho. Imithetho embalwa echaphazelekayo yile:
- Umthetho woNyaka woTyala loLingana-Umthetho we-Equal Credit Opportunity Act wenza ukuba kubekho mthethweni ukuba nawuphi na umboleki ukuba ahlulele naluphi na umenzi wesicelo, ngokubhekiselele kunoma yintoni umbandela wekhredithi, ngokobuhlanga, umbala, inkolo, imvelaphi yesizwe, isondo, isimo somtshato, okanye ubudala.
- UMthetho weNgxelo yokuTyala ngeNtengiso (1971), uMthetho weNgxelo yokuThengiswa kweNkcitho yabathengi (1996) kunye noMthetho oPhathelene nokuThengiswa kweTyala kunye neNkcazo yokuThengiswa kweMatyala ye-200- Le miThetho inikezela abathengi ukuba baxhomekeke engozini ngenxa yengxelo engafanelekanga yengxelo yengxelo kunye nokungena kubucala ekuqokeleleni nasekuhanjisweni lwengcaciso, unikezela abathengi ilungelo lokukwazi ukuba ngubani oqokelela ulwazi malunga nabo kunye nobume bolwazi oluqokelelweyo, kwaye unikezela abathengi ithuba lokujongana nokulungisa ulwazi oluqokelelwe ngabo.
- UMthetho weNgcaciso yeKharityhulam kunye neTyala lokuThengiswa kweTyala- Lo msebenzi udinga ukudalulwa ngokupheleleyo malunga nemimiselo yonikezelo lwekhadi lesikweletu, kuquka iifizi zonyaka, iirhafu zentsingiselo, kunye neemali zokugqibela.
Inyaniso kuMthetho Wokuboleka
Lo msebenzi ufuna ababolekisi ukuba banikezele ngokubhaliweyo okubhaliweyo kubbolekayo malunga nemigangatho kunye neendleko zabathengi babathengi ngendlela echanekileyo.
Ukubhengezwa kubandakanya iindleko ezihambelana nokuboleka, ukuba zibalwa njani, kunye ne-Annual Percentage Rate (APR) abahlawula imali mboleko.
Ubunini bekhaya kunye noMthetho woKhuselo koLuntu
Lo msebenzi ubeka izithintelo kwimali-mboleko yasekhaya ukwenzela ukunciphisa imali yokuboleka imali.
Umthetho wokuHlulwa koThengi
Umthetho wokuThengisa umThengi udinga umncinane ukuba anikezele ngokucacileyo imigaqo ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa kwisivumelwano sokuqeshisa kunye nolwahlu lwazo zonke iindleko ezihlawulwe ngokuqeshisa.
UMthetho weTshintsho lweMali
Esi senzo sinciphisa umthwalo wabathengi ukuba umntu usebenzisa i-ATM okanye ikhadi lakhe lokubambisa ngaphandle kwemvume.
Imigaqo Yobumfihlo
I-Federal Trade Commission ijolise kwiinkalo ezininzi malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yobumfihlo. Imimandla ephambili idilesi ze-FTC yiyo:
- Ukungabi namalungelo kunye nokukhohliswa- phantsi kweCandelo lesi-5 lomThetho we-FTC, owenqabela izenzo ezingafanelekanga okanye ezikhohlisayo, i-FTC igxininisa izithembiso ezenziwa kubathengi ngeenkampani ngokuphathelele ubumfihlo bentengo kunye nokulondolozwa kwabo ukuba bafumane ulwazi lomntu ngabathengi babo.
- Ubumfihlo bezeMali- Ngokwe- Gramm-Leach-Billey Act (uMthetho we-GLB) , i-FTC isebenza ukukhusela ulwazi lwabathengi olugcinwe ngamaziko emali.
- Ubume boKhuseleko loBakho - Ukwabiwa koLwazi kunye noMthetho wokuLawulwa koLwabiwo-mali (1998 ) ngokokuqala ngqa wenza ulwaphulo lolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye unikezela abathengi amalungelo athile xa beba (okanye bakholelwa ukuba baye baba) njengexhoba lobusela besazisi.
Ngaba wakha waba lixhoba lokuziphatha kakubi okanye ukukhwabanisa? Qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda amalungelo akho abathengi kwaye ungesabi ukufuna uncedo okanye umvuzo xa unomuvo wokuba uphathwe kakubi.
Ukubhengezwa: Le ngcaciso inikezelwa kuwe njengomthombo wolwazi kuphela. Kuhanjiswa ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kweenjongo zotyalo-mali, ukunyamezela ngengozi okanye imeko zezimali kwanoma yimuphi umtyalo-mali othile kwaye angenakufaneleka kubo bonke abatyalo-mali. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili akubonakali kweziphumo ezizayo. Utyalo-mali luquka ubungozi kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwinqununu. Le ngcaciso ayijoliswanga, kwaye ayifanele, yenze isiseko esisisiseko saso nasiphi isigqibo sotyalo-mali ongayenza. Njalo qhagamshelana nomcebisi wakho wezomthetho, wezorhafu okanye utyalo-mali ngaphambi kokuba wenze nayiphi na ingxowa-mali / ityala / indawo / izicwangciso zezimali okanye izigqibo.