Into eyikrakrayo malunga nezigqibo ezininzi zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kukuba zihlala zisigxina. Thatha ixesha lokucinga ngokukhetha malunga nezigqibo zakho ezinkulu zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi: xa uqala ukuKhuseleko loLuntu, nini ukuthatha umhlalaphantsi, ukhetho lomhlalaphantsi kunye nendlela yokutshala imali yakho yomhlalaphantsi.
1. Ukuqalisa nini ukuKhuseleko loLuntu
Isigqibo esisodwa esikhulu somhlala-phantsi esiza kwenzayo kukuba kukuqala nini inzuzo yeNtlalo yeNtlalo. Abangama-50% baseMerika baya kuxhomekeka kwiNtlalo yoKhuselo ngaphezu kwama-50% omvuzo wabo womhlalaphantsi.
Njengabaninzi, unokucinga ngokuphosakeleyo izinto ezimbini:
- Ucinga ukuba kufuneka uqale ukuthatha ukhuseleko lweNtlalo ngokukhawuleza: ukuba uneminyaka engama-62 kwaye usasebenza, izibonelelo zakho ziya kuxhomekeka kumyinge wokufumana . Ukuthatha ukhuseleko lweNtlalontle kusenokuba yinto yezona zinto ezimbi kakhulu ongayenza.
- Ucinga ukuba kufuneka uqale ukuthatha uxolo lweNtlalo xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi: Ngenxa yokuba uhlala phantsi, akudingeki uqale ukuKhuseleko loLuntu. Xa ubangela intela, ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana imali engenayo emva kwentela ngokusebenzisa imali yakho ye-IRA kwiminyaka embalwa yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kunye nokulibazisa umhla wokuqala weeNtlawulo zeNtlalo.
Unqwenela ukugqiba xa usuqala iinkonzo zakho zoKhuselo lwezeNtlalo ngokusekelwe kwisicwangciso esiza kukunika ingeniso ekulindelekileyo ngaphezu kwexesha lokuphila kwakho. Oku kunqunywe kusekelwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ingaba utshatile okanye uwedwa? Abantu abaninzi abatshatileyo abaqapheli ukuba usebenze njani umtshato kunye nabasindileyo, kwaye ngoko ngamnye bafuna amawaka ngamawaka kunye neenkulungwane kwiingenelo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba ulungelelanisa isigqibo sakho, unokukwazi ukufumana ngaphezulu.
- Ukuba utshatile, ngubani owayengummeli ophezulu, kwaye unjani umahluko phakathi kweminyaka emibini phakathi kwakho?
- Ngaba kukho ukukhathazeka kwezempilo okuya kukukhokelela ekubeni ukholelwe ukuba uphila ubomi obufutshane kunokuba ubude bexesha lokuphila?
- Ngaba kulindeleke ukuba ube kwi-bracket yerhafu apho ungakhokhela irhafu kwintlawulo yakho yeNtlalo , kwaye unayo na enye imithombo yokugcina ukongezelela koKhuseleko loLuntu? Ukuba kunjalo, kunokukho iindlela zokulungelelanisa imithombo yakho yengeniso ukunciphisa umthwalo wakho werhafu umhlala phantsi, okwandisa iholo lakho lomhlala-phantsi emva kwentela.
2. Nini ukususa umhlalaphantsi
Emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kunokuba nzima ukuba uhambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuyele emsebenzini xa ufuna. Kufuneka uxinzelele uvavanyo lwakho lwecebo lokufumana umhlalaphantsi ukuze uqiniseke ukuba luphethwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Eminye imibuzo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele:
- Ukuba andiseneminyaka engama-65, ndiza kuhlawula njani i-inshorensi yempilo?
- Ukuba ukugcina kwam imali kunye nokutyalwa kwam imali kukufumana ukubuyiswa okuphantsi, ngaba ndiyakunciphisa iindleko?
- Ngaba ndikulungele ukunciphisa ngexesha elithile?
- Ndiya kuthini na ixesha lam? Ngaba kuya kuba kubiza imali (ukuhamba, izinto zokuzilibazisa) okanye ukulondoloza imali (ndiyakwazi ukulungisa ngokwam, ukupheka ekhaya)?
3. Indlela yokuthatha iPensheni yakho
Ukuba usebenzela inkampani enika ipensheni, funda iinqunto zakho ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umhlalaphantsi. Eminye imibuzo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele yile:
- Ukuba ndasebenza iminyaka embalwa, ngaba umhlala-phantsi wam uya kunyuka?
- Ngaba inkampani yam inikeza isamba semali okanye ikhefu? Ukuba bayayenza, ndiyithathe ntoni na?
- Liliphi ixesha lomhlala-phantsi okufanele ndilikhethe? Umvuzo wokuphila kwam kuphela, okanye uthathe umlinganiselo omncinci owaziyo ukuba uya kuqhubeka nokuphila komlingane wam (into ebizwa ngokuba yinto edibeneyo kunye nabasinda)?
4. Indlela yokuTyala imali yakho yomhlalaphantsi
Ukuba unemali kwisicwangciso se-401 (k), unokwenza isigqibo sokuba uyishiye apho okanye uyiqhube kwi-IRA.
Eminye i-401 (k) izicwangciso zinikeza ukhetho olukhulu lokutshala imali kwaye unamaphepha e-plan-up-to-date aza kunika uluhlu olukhethayo kumxhamli wakho. Ezinye iiplani azifanelekanga ngokusemthethweni. Kwakhona, i-401 yakho (k) isicwangciso sinokutshintsha abanikezeli-mali-mali nganoma naliphi ixesha, ngoko ulahlekelwa yinto ethile yokulawula ngokushiya imali yakho kwisicwangciso. Imali yomhlala-mali ifuna ukutyalomali ezahlukileyo ukwenzela ukuba iphephile kwaye inokuvelisa imali engenayo. Le akusiyo ixesha lokuthatha ingozi enkulu-enkulu impazamo apha, kwaye unokuba nengxaki.