Eli nqaku lihlola ukubaluleka koMgaqo 7004 weMithetho kaMasipala yeNkqubo yokuBhankanya, inxaxheba yayo ekutshitshisweni kwebhanki, kwaye indlela eyahluke ngayo kuMgaqo-4 we-Federal Rules of Civil Civil Procedure, olawula ezinye iintlobo zamatyala omthetho.
Umvelaphi kunye nenjongo yeMithetho yeBhanki
Ngokomthetho we-Bankruptcy Rule 1001, "Imithetho yeNkcazo kunye neFomu zilawula inkqubo kwiimeko eziphantsi kwesihloko 11 se-United States Code ...Le mithetho iya kuthathwa, ilawulwe kwaye isebenziswe yinkantolo kunye namaqela ukukhusela okulungileyo, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isigqibo esincinci kwiimeko zonke kunye nokuqhubeka. "
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuchithwa kwemali kuninzi kwinkqubo efana nesicelo sokukhubazeka kweNtlalo, kunokugqithisa. Kodwa, oko akuthethi ukuba akukho gxininiso lobutyebi kumalungu ukuba aphuhlise iingxabano ezinzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuza kumgwebi we-bankruptcy.
Iintlobo ze-Bankruptcy Ulwaphulo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokumangalelwa kwimeko yebhanki. Omnye kuthiwa "umbandela ochasene nawo," oqhelekileyo ukungavumelani phakathi kwamaqela malunga nendlela ethile yokukhutshwa kweefowuni ye-bankruptcy iya kusetyenziswa. Umcimbi ochaphazelekayo uvame ukuqaliswa ngokufakela isikhalazo okanye isikhalazo.
Elinye libizwa ngokuba "ngumchasi oqhubekayo." Iintshaba zamatyala enkundla ahlukeneyo kodwa zihambelana necala eliphambili lokubhinqa. Baphathwa njengoluhlu olupheleleyo lweemali, kwaye bathatha ummangalelwa oqhelekileyo ngokumelene nesakhiwo sommangalelwa.
Uninzi lwamacala enkqonkqo-ntlawulo iqhutyelwa phantsi kwemiqathango kwi-7000 ucwangciso lweMigaqo ye-Federal ye-Bankruptcy Procedure.
Uchungechunge lwe-7000 lusebenza kwisibhengezo. Ezinye zee-7000 zecandelo zisebenza kwiimeko ezichasene nazo. Umthetho 7004 weMithetho yokuBhokra iyasebenza kubo bobabini.
Imithetho ye-Federal Code of Bankruptcy Procedure ihlala ilandelelanisa iMigaqo ye-Federal ye-Civil Procedure esebenzisa ezinye iinkundla zomthetho kwiinkqubo zomthetho. Enyanisweni, imimiselo emininzi ye-bankruptcy iquka umthetho ohambelana nomthetho, okanye ubuncinane ubuncwane bawo.
Sekunjalo, kukho ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kuba imithetho ye-bankruptcy yenzelwe ulawulo olusebenzayo kunye neendleko eziphantsi ukwenzela ukuba ulondoloze ubuninzi beendawo zokutsalwa kwebhanki ngokunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuze ababolekisi. Ezi ntlukwano zingadidanisa abaphandi abasebenzisa ukuqhuba phantsi kwemigaqo-jikelele yomthetho, kwaye banokuba yingxaki yokungaqapheli.
Iimpompo phantsi koMgaqo-mthetho we-7004 kunye noMgaqo-mthetho weSizwe 4
Umthetho 7004 kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo we-Civil Rule 4 ulawula ulawulo lwee-sishoni kunye nendlela enikwe ngayo ummangali. Kwizona zinto ziphambili, i-satoni ngumyalelo wokuvela phambi kwenkundla. Ngokwenza oko, isaziso esisemthethweni esivela enkundleni ukuba ummangali ubeke ummangalelwa kummangalelwa. Iya kuhamba kunye nekopi yesibheno esilungile isigwebo, kwaye siya kwazisa ummangalelwa weemviwo ezifanelekileyo, kuquka umhla wokugqibela apho ummangali angayifaka impendulo kweso sithuthi.
Indlela uMthetho 7004 kunye noMgaqo 4 ohlukileyo ngayo
Umthetho 7004 uhlukile kuMgaqo-4 kwiindlela ezimbini eziphambili: indlela enikwa ngayo kwaye ngubani ongakhonzwa. Kwaye, ngenxa yokuba umpendulo wokugqibela uhlukile, siya kuwuphonsa loo mxube.
Inkonzo Yenziwe Njani? Ngokwemithetho yokubambisa i-civil law, engekho ebhawuntini, uMthetho wesi-4 ufuna ukuba isikhalazo sihanjiswe kummangalelwa ngumncedisi wenkqubo (umntu oseneminyaka engama-18 ubudala kwaye akayiyo inkundla kwimeko).
Le ndlela ifumaneka kwimeko yecala, kodwa uMthetho we-Bankruptcy u-7004 uhamba phambili kwaye uvumela inkonzo ngeposi yokuqala kwiklasi. Nangona eli lixabiso kakhulu kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo kummangali, lingabangela umba xa ummangalelwa efumana isikhalazo kwi-imeyile kwaye akaqondi ukuba ixesha lokuphendula likhawuleza.
Qaphela ukuba inkonzo ingenziwa kwakhona ngokupapashwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile okanye ngokulandela umyalelo wenkundla.
Ngubani Ongakhonza? Ukwahlula okwesibini phakathi kweNqununu yesi-4 kunye noMthetho we-Bankruptcy uMthetho 7004 uxhathisa imibandela yecala lolawulo lomntu kunabo abasemthethweni. Ngaphandle kokuba imeko ibandakanya umbuzo wesigqeba, inkundla yesithili senkundla iya kuba negunya kuphela kwabameli abasemagunyeni abaneleyo kwimeko apho inkundla yenkundla ihlala khona.
Ngokwahlukileyo, inkundla yamatyala e-bankruptcy iya ku "naliphi na ummangalelwa ngokubhekiselele kwimeko phantsi kweKhowudi ye-[Bankruptcy] okanye i-civil proceeding evela phantsi kweKhowudi ye-[Bankruptcy], okanye echaphazelekayo okanye ehambelana necala phantsi kweKhowudi ye-[Bankruptcy] , "Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ummangalelwa useMelika. I-FRBP 7004 (f).
Jonga imithetho yemimiselo eyongezelelweyo kwinkonzo yabantu abakhethiweyo njengabantwana okanye iinkampani.
Kuphi na impendulo okanye impendulo? Enye ingxaki ihamba noviwo, nangona ayinxalenye yecandelo 7004. Umhla wokugqibela wokuphendulwa uyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke ukuba ngaba ityala leNkundla yeSithili okanye iNkundla yeBhanki, kwaye nokuba ngaba ityala lingummangaleli okanye umbandela. Le yimithetho eqhelekileyo, kwaye ingatshintshwa yinkantolo, okanye enye imigaqo ingafaka isicelo.
- I-Civil Civil Litigation : NgokweMigaqo ye-12 (a), kumatyala omphakathi kwiNkundla yeSithili sase-US, ummangalelwa kufuneka aphendule zingakapheli iintsuku ezingama-21 zomhla wenkonzo .
- Isitha soBhankqalazo : Ngokomthetho 7012 (a), ummangali kufuneka afake impendulo kumchasi ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva komhla apho i-sishoni ikhishwe ngumabhalana wenkundla ye-bankruptcy.
- Imbango ejongene neBhanki: Ngokuhambelana noMgaqo 9006 (d), isilumkiso kufuneka sinikezwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezisixhenxe (7) ngaphambi kokuvalelwa kwenkqubo, kwaye nayiphina impendulo kufuneka ifakwe ngaphandle komhla omnye ngaphambi kokuva. Jonga iMithetho ye-Bankruptcy Umthetho 9006 kunye noMgaqo 9014.
Isishwankathelo:
Sithintelo:
- ngeKlasi yeKlasi yokuqala,
- malunga nabani e-United States;
- Umhla wokugqibela uphendule unentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokuba i-sishoni ikhishwe ngumabhalana wenkundla ye-bankruptcy.
Umcimbi oPhicothiweyo:
- ngeKlasi yeKlasi yokuqala,
- malunga nabani e-United States;
- Umhla wokugqibela ukuphendula ngokubanzi ngenye imini ngaphambi kokuva.
I-Civil Civil Litigation
- ngokweenkonzo,
- inqunyelwe kulabo abaphethwe yinkantolo ngokwabo;
- Umhla wokugqibela uphendule unentsuku ezingama-21 emva kokumangalelwa kummangalelwa.