01 Kutheni Kufuneka Abantu Abaselula Bakhusele?
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini nangona i-thirties yakho, umhlala-phantsi uthatha ixesha elide. Kodwa inyaniso, ngelinye ilanga unako (okunokwenzeka ukuba uya kuthi) ufuna ukuyeka ukusebenza nzima njengokuba wenzayo kwaye uphumule kwaye ujabulele ubomi bakho kwiminyaka engama-60, kuma-70 nangaphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, nabaselula abakhathalela kakhulu, ukuphila ubomi obude, obunempilo akukhona nje kuphela kodwa kunokwenzeka. Awufuni ukuphelelwa yimali ngaphambi kokuphuma kwexesha. Ukulondoloza ikusasa kufuneka uqale usuku oqala ukusebenza ngalo ixesha elizeleyo. I-401k, ukuba inikwe ngumqeshi wakho, yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqalisa ucwangciso lwexesha elizayo.
02 Uqala Kanjani Ukulondoloza?
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso se-401k ngokusebenzisa umqeshi wakho ngokuqhelekileyo kuyindlela elula yokuqalisa ukubeka imali kude ixesha elide. Abaninzi abaqeshi abafuna abasebenzi abaphezulu baphakamisa i-401k njengenzuzo, ebancedisa ukugcina italenta. Ngelixa zonke iinkampani zinikela ngeminikelo ehambelanayo, okanye isiqalo sokulibaziseka sokuqala, wonke umntu kufuneka abe negalelo lemali ephezulu abanakho ukuyi-401k. Xa ucinga ukwamkela umsebenzi wokubonelela, jonga iiprogram zeenzuzo kwaye ngokukodwa ucinge nge-401k kunye nendlela ochaphazeleka ngayo inxaxheba. Ukuba kukhethwe phakathi kweenkampani ezifana nedola lee dollar kunye neenkampani ezingenayo, cinga ukuba imali ehambelanayo nayo ingeniso. Kungakufanelekile ukukhetha loo nkampani ngenxa yesizathu eso.
03 Ingakanani Imali Okufanele Uyenze?
Ngokutsho kweForbes.com:
Masithi ufumana imali engama-40ka ngonyaka, ugalele i-10% kwisicwangciso sakho se-401 (k), fumana umdlalo we-3% kumqeshi wakho, kwaye ufumane umyinge we-6% we-return rate. Ukuba uqala kwiminyaka engama-22, uya kugqiba nge-$ 1 yezigidi nge-65 ubudala. Kodwa ukuba ulinda kude kube neminyaka engama-30 ukuqala ukulondoloza, uphela nge-$ 617k kuphela. Ukuqala okokuqala kuthetha ukuthatha i-$ 300k eyongezelelweyo kwiqanda lakho leenyama, oku kuthetha ukuba unokukwazi ukuthatha umhlalaphantsi ngaphambili okanye uphile kangcono kwimhlalaphantsi.
Ukuba enye i-$ 4000 eyongezelelweyo ibonakala ngathi yinto eninzi yokuyeka umvuzo wakho xa uqala, kodwa iminikelo kwiiplani ze-401k azifakiwe kwimali engenayo engenayo irhafu, ngoko ke kwakhona, ukutshala ikusasa lakho kubanjengokuba fumana imali yamahhala. Ukunciphisa ingeniso yakho engenayo kunokukunceda kuphela irhafu yakho yerhafu ehlawulwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Umahluko phakathi kokuqala kwiminyaka engama-22 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-30 ingaphezulu kwama-30% ngaphezulu kwemali yomhlala-phantsi.
04 Ungayifumana njani iAccs yakho?
Inzuzo yokuqala ukugcina kunye nokutyalomali xa uneminyaka engama-20 kunye ne-30 ayikuphela nje ukuba uya kuba nemali yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, kodwa unokuthatha ingozi ephezulu kwaye ufumane ukubuya okukhulu kunokuba ixesha lakho lokulondoloza lide. Xa unikezelwa iindlela zokusasaza utyalo-mali lwama-401k, jonga u-80/20 ulwahlulo phakathi kwezinto ezinobungozi, ezinokuthi zincinci kakhulu kunye neenzuzo, ezizinzileyo kodwa zinezinga eliphantsi lokubuyela.
Qaphela xa usebenzisa i-stock options ukuze uthenge i-stock yenkampani yakho, ukuba unikwe yona. Nangona ixabiso eliphuculwayo lilungelo elihle, ungagqithiseli i-401K yakho kunye naso nasiphi na isitofu esisodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uphumelele kangakanani okanye ukuba ukholelwa kangakanani kwinkampani. Ukufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitokheko kuyisitshixo kwipotifoliyo enamandla.
05 Musa ukulinda ngenxa yeTyala
Izigidi ezingama-44.2 zaseMelika zikwimeko yokuhlawula imali-mboleko yomfundi, ngoko ke ukuba unetyala lokuhlawula, awuyedwa. Musa ukwenza iphutha lokulinda ukuqala ukufaka isandla kwisicwangciso se-401k de emva kokuba emva kokuhlawulwa kwemali-mboleko yakho ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo. Ukuhlawula iindleko zakho ngokucophelela, zama ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kwiidlofi zekhofi ezintle okanye utywala, kunye nokuhlawula imali mboleko ngelixa ukugcina akuyi kuba nzima kunokuba ungacinga ukuba kuya kuba.
Ukulondoloza ikusasa kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuba uhlawula amatyala kwixesha elidlulileyo. Utyalole kwimfundo yakho, ngoku kufuneka utyalole umhlalaphantsi wakho. Ungalibali ukuba i-$ 300,000 eyongezelelweyo ongayigcina kwaye uyifumane kuma-20 yakho - uya kuyidinga!