Amazwe eneemithwalo zerhafu eziphezulu
Ezi zintlu zerhafu zorhulumente zinokunika ingcamango yokuba indlela ephakamileyo neyona ephantsi kakhulu ichaza ngayo, kwaye iSiseko seSatifikethi sifike uluhlu olunzulu olusekelwe kwiirhafu ezidibeneyo kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo.
Iintlawulo zoRhwebo zoRhumo
Intlawulo yentengiso yipesenti ohlawula ngayo ngaphezu kwentengo yokuthengisa xa uthenga izinto ezithile. Uninzi lwamazwe lithembele kakhulu kule ntlawulo ukwenzela ukuba idibeneyo ifikelele. Gcinani engqondweni, ukuba, oomasipala kunye neeklasi ngamanye amaxesha baneentlawulo zabo zentengiso ngokungezelela kwabo bahlawulwe kwinqanaba likarhulumente.
Amazwe kunye nentlawulo ehlanganisiweyo yokurhweba kwiimilinganiselo zaseburhulumenteni nakwimimandla ngo-2017 yiLouanaana (iipesenti eziyi-9.98), iTennessee (9,9 ekhulwini), i-Arkansas (iipesenti eziyi-9,3), i-Alabama (i-9,7 ekhulwini) kunye ne-Washington (8.92 iphesenti).
Amazwe kunye nentlawulo yokuthengisa ehlanganisiweyo kakhulu iquka i-Oregon, iDelaware, i-Montana kunye neNew Hampshire, akukho nanye ekunyanzelekileyo nayiphi na irhafu yokuthengisa. Ngaphandle kwezi zentengiso-ntengiso, i-Alaska ibeka i-1.78 pesenti yentlawulo yendawo kwingingqi kwezinye iindawo.
Intlawulo yeNgeniso kaRhulumente
Izizwe ezisixhenxe ziyancipha ukuhlawulwa kweengeniso zabahlali ngo-2017: i-Alaska, e-Florida, i-Nevada, eMzantsi Dakota, eTexas, eWashington nase-Wyoming.
Ukongezelela, iNew Hampshire kunye neTennessee inzala yerhafu kuphela kunye nenzuzo yengeniso-ungagcina irhafu yakho yerhafu engenayo.
Kwesinye isigxina sesilinganiselo sithetha ngamazinga okuhlawula irhafu kwizinga eliphezulu lokufumana imali:
- I-California: 13.3 ekhulwini
- Oregon: 9,9 ekhulwini
- Minnesota: 9.85 ekhulwini
- I-Iowa: i-8.8 ekhulwini
- ENew Jersey: 8.97 ekhulwini
- Vermont: 8.95 ekhulwini
- ISithili saseColumbia: 8.95 ekhulwini
- ENew York: 8.82 pesenti
- IHawaii: 8.25 ekhulwini
- IWisconsin: 7.65 ekhulwini
Uya kuphawula ukuba akukho nanye kulawa achaza uluhlu lwentlalo ephezulu kunye nentlawulo yendawo yokuthengisa, ngoko ke abahlali bafumana ikhefu elithile apho.
IiRhafu zeRhafu
Iirhafu zepropati zifakwe kwizinga lendawo. Oomasipala baseNew Jersey baziwa ngokuba neerhafu zerhafu, kunye neLouanaana ineyona ephantsi kakhulu ngo-2017.
Ukuyibeka Konke
Ezi zintlu azidibananga, kwaye ziphela zichaza iindawo eziphezulu nakwezona ziphantsi kwiqela ngalinye. Kodwa iindleko ezininzi zihlawula iirhafu zerhafu kunye neerhafu zentengiso kunye neRhafu Foundation kunye neRhafu Foundation yathabatha ixesha lokubala la manani ukuba ifikelele uluhlu lwezona zikarhulumente eziphezulu zerhafu ngokubanzi ngo-2012. Ngelishwa, kwaba ngumngeni omkhulu kunye neRhafu ISiseko asizange sikhiphe ingxelo efana nengxelo ukususela ngoko.
Baye bafumanisa ngo-2012 ukuba okufanayo kwoluhlu luye lwavela kwiluhlu lwawo ngo-2005, olubonisa ukuba akukho mlando utshintsho kwiirhafu zerhafu. Omnye unokucinga ukuba bahlala behle kakhulu kulezi zizwe ngo-2017:
- ENew York: iipesenti ezili-12.7
- Connecticut: 12.6 ekhulwini
- INew Jersey: iipesenti ezili-12.2
- I-Illinois: iipesenti ezili-11
- ECalifornia: iipesenti ezili-11
- IWisconsin: iipesenti ezili-11
Ezinye izinto ecinga ngazo
Urhulumente ngamnye udibene kunye neerhafu ezikhethiweyo ezichaphazela abahlali nabangewona abahlali. Oku kwenza ukuba kubekho udidi olubanzi lweemithwalo zerhafu enzima kwinkqubo enzima kwaye enye ingakhangelwa ngeendlela ezininzi.
Izindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqikelela imithwalo yerhafu ngokuqinisekileyo ziye zatshitshisa i-feud phakathi kweSatifikethi seRhafu kunye ne-Census Bureau, oshicilela ulawulo lwayo ngoluhlu lwamazwe. ISibonelelo soRhafu sigxeka uluhlu lweCensus Bureau ngokungabandakanyi irhafu yendawo kunye nokujonga kuphela inani leerhafu eziqokelelwa yilizwe ngokwabo, elinokuhlawulwa ngabemi okanye abangahlaliyo njengabakhenkethi. Uludwe lweSatifikethi seRhafu luthatha iirhafu zelizwe kunye neendawo, kubandakanywa irhafu yepropati, ingqalelo.
Bese bebeka iimeko ezibhekiselele kumanqanaba abemi abahlawula ngayo kwiirhafu zaseburhulumenteni kunye neengingqi njengepesenti yemali engenayo nganye.
I-Census Bureau igxeke uluhlu lweSatifikethi seRhafu ngoba iSiseko seSatifikethi sisoloko sitshintsha indlela yabo. Ukongezelela, ukuba umntu ohlala eConnecticut esebenza eNew York aze ahlawule irhafu eNew York, loo ntlawulo yerhafu iyabalwa kwimithwalo yerhafu yaseConnecticut ngenxa yokuba irhafu ihlawulwe yi-Connecticut yokuhlala, kwaye oku kungenokuba yinto enobulungisa.
Ngokucacileyo akusiyo inzululwazi eyiyo, kodwa nje ukuqikelelwa kwemithwalo yerhafu yengingqi kunye nommandla. Ukuba ucinga ukufuduka, kungenokuba kukubaluleka ukujonga kwiintlobo zombini kunye neendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa amazwe kwaye uzenze izigqibo zakho.
Ukuhlaziywa nguBeverly Bird