Izinto ezichaphazela i-US Treasury Yiza
Ukususela ngo-1990 ukuya kwihlobo le-2016, i-US iminyaka engama-30 yemali yokubophelelwa kweengxowa-mali ivela kwi-9.03 yepesenti ngonyaka we-1990 ukuya kuma-2.43 ekhulwini ngo-Juni 2016.
Ngenjongo yokuthelekisa, qaphela ukuba izinga elilinganayo le-1990 leminyaka eli-10 liyi-8.21 yepesenti, elincinane kunomlinganiselo we-bond-year-30. Enyanisweni, lonke ixesha elide lomlando ukususela ngomhla we-1916 ukuya ku-2016 ubophelelo lwamaqhina aluzange luzinze ixesha elide; Baqhubeka bevuka bawa.
Kutheni Inzala Yenzala kunye Nezivuno kwiBond iphakama nokuwa?
Nangona abatyali-mali ngokuqhelekileyo babamba izibophelelo kwiiphothifoliyo zabo zokutshala imali ukulwa nokunyaniseka okukhulu kwezinto ezikhoyo, zombini izixhobo zemali ziyahlukana, zihluke kwizinga. Umahluko phakathi kwekota eli-10 ephakamileyo kunye ne-14.59 yeepesenti kunye ne-1.71-ininzi engaphezulu kwesibhozo.
Iphepha lezemfundo elikhutshwe yiBhanki yeSigancial Reserve eSan Francisco ichaza izinto ezintlanu ezichaphazela ukulinganiselwa kwemilinganiselo ye-Nondyebo ye-T-Bills yexesha elifutshane, kodwa zonke ezihlanu zinegalelo ubuncinci kumanani anikezelwa kwiinkcukacha zeNondyebo zexesha elide kwaye iintambo kunye nazo zonke zichaphazela isivuno.
(Gcina ukhumbule ukuba intengo ye-bhondi kunye nesivuno sayo ihamba ngendlela echaseneyo ).
Imfuno
Iimviwo zeemali ezingaphezulu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo lokungaqiniseki kwemali ukwandisa imfuno yezixhobo zemali ezibonakala zikhuseleke ngokukodwa-izixhobo zamatyala kaRhulumente wase-United States ziphantse zibhekwa njengezona zikhuselekileyo kwihlabathi.
Ngenxa yesigxina sokwanda, abatyalo-mali bayamkela ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nezivuno.
Ukubonelela
Isizathu sokuba amabhondi karhulumente akhona okokuqala kukuba anika indlela yokuphakamisa inkunzi eyayifunekayo karhulumente kumanyathelo karhulumente, ukuhlawula okanye ukuhlawulwa kwetyala. Xa urhulumente waseUnited States unesabelomali sesabelomali, njengoko kwenzayo ngo-1998-2000, unesidingo esincane semali ebolekileyo kwaye iya kukhupha amanqaku amancinci kunye neebhondi. Ukuncipha kwi-supply available kuthetha ukuba urhulumente angakwazi ukunika izibophelelo ngamanani aphantsi.
Iimeko zoQoqosho
Iphepha elimhlophe laseSan Francisco Fed libonisa ukuba amazinga omyinge kumabhondi aphakama kwiimarike zeenkomo kwaye awela kwiimarike zeebhere.
Umgaqo-mali
Iibhondi zinomsebenzi ongaphezulu kwesinye kurhulumente. Ukongezelela ekunyuseni imali, iibhondi kunye neerhafu zenzalo zabo zinefuthe kwiimarike zemali ngokubanzi. I-Fed ayikwazi ukulawula iirhafu zexesha elide, eqinisweni, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo wayo ngokubhekiselele kwiirhafu zexesha elifutshane ubeka isiseko semveliso kwiimbopheleleko zorhulumente ngeemali ezide. Emva koxinzelelo lwebhanki / lwezezimali ngo-2007-2008, i-Federal Reserve yayigcina inzala kwimali ephantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwenzela ukuba kube lula kumashishini ukuboleka imali.
I xabiso
Ukwenyuka kwamanani emali, kodwa kunye nokulindela kwexabiso lentengo kwimimandla yezemali, bathambekele ekunyuseni izinga lentengo kunye nokuphakamisa izivuno zezibophelelo-umyinge ochaphazelekayo wokuthengiswa kwebhondi ngaphantsi kwezinga elikhutshwe ngalo. Isizathu sezivuno eziphakamileyo ekupheleni kwee-1970 kunye neyokuqala kwama-80s kwakukho ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okwexesha eliye laholela uSihlalo we-Federal Reserve wasePaul uPoland Volcker ukuba aqale ukuphakamisa amazinga omyinge wexeshana ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lama-1980. Ngako oko, kubangele amazinga aphezulu kunye nezivuno zazo zonke izixhobo zemali. Qhubeka ukhumbule, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngamaxesha okunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, okwenene (okanye emva kokunyuka kwamaxabiso) atyala abafaki- mali ukuba bafumaneke kuncinci kunokuba kubonakala.