Yintoni enokuyifunda Kuvela kwi-Indiana 1.4 yezigidigidi zeNkontileka yokuThengisa ukuSebenza
Ukufunda ityala malunga nebhulophu engafanelekanga kunokusinceda siphendule imibuzo malunga nokukhathala kwensimbi, izinto eziphatheka kakubi, ukuhlola ngaphezulu, izikhokelo ezingenakukhatywa okanye ukugxothwa, amandla omoya kunye nezinto ezingenakufunyanwa ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha ibhuloho. Impumelelo ingasitshela nje ukuba asizange siphumelele. Ukungaphumeleli, xa sifunde ngokucophelela, usitshela oko kwenzeka.
Ukukhangela ukusilela kokuPhezulu okuPhambili kuninzi
Njengoko inani elinyukayo lezimvo zokugqithisa iinkqubo ukuba imibutho yobukhulu obuhlukahlukileyo yenza, uphando lweziganeko malunga nokuphulukana nokugqithiswa kwempahla kubonisa ukuba luncedo ekufundeni into enokuyenza nokuba ungenzani. Idatha ekuphumelelweni kokuphumelela kokufunyanwa kungafunyanwa kwinkqubo yenkundla yethu, apho amaqabane abeshishino abengaphambili abaphikisanayo malunga nabani na abaphosakeleyo ngenxa yokungaphumeleli. Umzekelo obalaseleyo wale nkontileka eyi-$ 1.4 yezigidigidi phakathi kwe-State of Indiana ne-IBM.
I-Indiana yayifuna ukukhupha iinkqubo zayo zokucocwa kwezenhlalakahle, kwaye irekhodi yenkundla ngokuyinhloko yimeko yokufunda apho ifundayo malunga ne-Indiana's missteps.
Kule meko, siyazi iinkcukacha kuba umthengi kunye nomthengisi wakhetha ukutshatana, kunye neenkcukacha zokungavumelani kwazo ngoku zikarhulumente. Ngamazwi kaMgwebi olawulayo uDavid Dreyer, "Akukho nxaxheba ifanelekile ukuphumeza le meko. Eli bali limele 'isiphepho esipheleleyo' somgaqo-nkqubo we-rhu
Ngokubanzi, amaqela omabini asolwa, kwaye abahlawuli berhafu base-Indiana bashiywe njengabalahlekileyo. "
8 Izifundo zokuKhusela ukuThatyathwa kokungaphumeleli
Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezifundwayo, kodwa zilapha izifundo eziphezulu ezisibhozo malunga nokugqithisa ukufundwa kwiinkampani zase-Indiana ne-IBM.
Utshintsho lufuna ukuzibophelela
Le khontrakthi yayiyikuguqulwa, "inkqubo ehle kakhulu yentlalo-ntle, (ngokubonakalayo igcwele ubuqhetseba obubugebengu, ukungazi kakuhle, ukukhetha, njl njl njl.)." Kwaye, i-Indiana yafuna ukuzisa imodeli entsha yokunikezelwa kwenkonzo eya kunciphisa iindleko nokulungisa amawaka eminyaka ukuphulwa komthetho. Ukufezekisa nayiphi na enye yale njongo yayiza kuphawuleka. Ukuphumelela kwabo bonke bekungayi kuba nako. Kodwa ukufezekisa zonke iinjongo zifuna umxhasi (i-State of Indiana) ukuba anike umthengisi (IBM) inkxaso yayo engenammiselo kwaye engenasimo. Kunoko, ubungqina benkundla bubonisa ukuba abameli belizwe bawuncitshiswe ngokwenkqubo (kwaye baphule isivumelwano) ngokuphazamisana nolawulo lwe-IBM (abasebenzisana nezopolitiko). Ukuguqulwa kolawulo kuyaphumelela kuphela ukuba umbutho uphasa ishintsho, kwaye kule ngxaki, i-Indiana ayifuni.
Funda Kweminye Imizekelo
Njengengxenye yokulungiselela iNkontileka yase-Indiana-IBM, iinjongo ezifanayo eTexas naseFlorida zahlolwa.
Ezi nkqubo zahluleka (okanye zahluleka), ngendlela efana neyokugqibela yase-Indiana. Iingxaki zaseTexas zazingqongqo kangangokuba "ukugqitywa kweprojekthi kuye kwavalwa." IBM yagqiba ukuba le micimbi ayizange isebenze kubo okanye ukuba baya kukwazi ukulawula imiba. I-IBM ayiqinisekanga inkampani enkulu, kodwa yintoni le mvumelwano eyayimfuneko kwakungaphezulu kwe-IBM. I-Mega-izivumelwano zabathengisi abangaboniyo kwiimpazamo kunye nemida; umxhasi kufuneka abone ubungqina bobuqu bokuthi ubungozi buye buncitshiswa ngokwaneleyo.
I-Mega Iikontrakthi = I-Mega Risk
Inkontileka enye enkulu inemikhankaso kunezivumelwano ezimbalwa ezincinci. Unokukhetha ukuthatha umngcipheko ngenxa yokuba inkontileka enkulu enye inokubiza imali encinci ukulawula ukuba iphumelele. Ukuba akunjalo, nangona kunjalo, inkontileka enkulu yehluleka kakhulu. Iingeniso ezinokuthi zindleko zolawulo oluphantsi zingathelekiswa neengozi ezongeziweyo zokungaphumeleli, kunye neendleko zokunciphisa ingozi nazo zingenziwa.
Iirekhodi zeeNkundla zibonisa ukuba amaqela avumelekile ukuba athenge iingozi ezithile, kodwa abukho ubungqina bokuba umthengi okanye umthengisi wakha wenza izibalo kwaye wabala iindleko. Ubungakanani bodwa bubangela ukuhluleka, kodwa ubungakanani buvame ukuba nama-co-factors (njengenkontileka) eyenza ukuhluleka. Izivumelwano ezinobungozi obuphezulu zifuna ukuhlalutya ingozi kunye nokunciphisa.
Utshintsho luya kwenzeka
Izivumelwano ezininzi zokukhangela izixhobo zenzelwe ukuqhuba utshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhishwa kweemvumelwano ezifunekayo ukuqhuba utshintsho-kodwa ungavumeli umthengisi ukuba enze utshintsho-ahlale ehluleka. Kule meko, umxhasi unqabile ukulawula indlela yokutshintshwa kwaye akazange avumele ukutshintsha kweentengiso ezininzi. Iimeko zeprogram zatshintshile, ezifana nokudibaniswa kweenkqubo ezintsha kunye nomthamo womsebenzi owandisiweyo. Kwanokuba utshintsho olusungulwe ngabaxhasi kunye nokuvelisa, abazange bavumele umthengisi ukuba angeze abasebenzi (kunye neendleko) okanye enze ezinye iinguqulelo.
Lo wawuyimvumelwano yeshumi eli-10. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi, izinto ziya kutshintsha ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, ukwehla kwezoqoqosho kuphindwe kabini kwimibuzo yezibonelelo zentlalo-ntle. Ukuthi nje, "asifuni ukutshintshwa" akusisicwangciso solawulo lokutshintsha; ukuba ufuna inkqubo ephumelelayo, ufuna indlela efanelekileyo yokuvuma nokuphumeza utshintsho.
Iingxabano zeNkokheli kwieLawsuits
Amacala omthetho atywala ixesha kunye neendleko, kodwa ukuba akukho nxaxheba kwimpikiswano ekulungele ukuphumeza le micimbi, uya enkundleni. Umthengisi omncinci anganqikaza ukumangalela urhulumente, okanye angenayo xa esongelwa isigwebo, kodwa abathengisi abaninzi abafana ne-IBM banamasebe omthetho afanayo (enye ingozi yezivumelwano ze-mega). Wonke umntu unengxabano, kodwa xa unxibelelwano luyeka, ezinye iindlela zokusombulula zivaliwe, kwaye zombini amaqela aqala ukucinga ngamacala omthetho. Umgaqo omdala wolawulo lweprojekthi kukuba, "Ukubeka ingxabano enkundleni yisisombululo esininzi kakhulu kwaye sincinci." Xa uqhagamshelwano luqala ukuvala, yenza konke ukugcina ezo zixolelwano zivulekile. Yenza umonakalo kwaye ube nolungeniso ngoku ngenxa yokuba isisombululo esiyalelwe enkundleni siya kuba kubi kakhulu.
Hlangani
Kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala, izikhulu zase-Indiana zavuma ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba inkqubo iphumelele, kwaye (njengoko ngokwemvumelwano) yaxelela i-IBM ukuba iqhubele phambili kwisigaba esilandelayo kule nkqubo. Xa uMbuso wase-Indiana wathintela i-IBM, bathi le nkqubo ayiphumelelanga kwaye yayingaphumeleli iminyaka. Olu hlobo lokungahambelani ngokugqithisileyo luchaphazela ukuthembeka - ngaphakathi kwintendelezo nakwiindawo zoshishino. Unelungelo (kunye nomsebenzi) ukutshintsha isikhundla sakho xa ubungqina obutsha buba khona, kodwa ukuba ukongeza izinto ezingenakuxhaswa, uya kwenza okungakumbi ukuphazamisa ukuthembeka kwakho ukuxhasa ingxabano yakho.
" Ukufezekiswa okufezekileyo" Akukho
Abaxhasi bavame ukwakha izivumelwano ezinjenge-inshurensi ukuba abathengi baya kuqonda into abayifunayo kwaye bafezekise ngekhontrakthi. Ubomi bobubomi, ukucinga kungalunganga, iimeko zitshintsha, kwaye iinjongo zihamba. Sekunjalo, bobabini umthengi kunye nomthengisi uya kukhetha amacandelwana ngamnye axhasa isikhundla sakhe. Inkundla ithatha indawo ehlukileyo. Ijaji alinomdla ekuchazeni ukufezeka; abagwebi banomdla ekuchazeni oko kuqiqa. Ngaphandle kokuba elinye iqela okanye elinye lalingenakulungele ngokupheleleyo okanye libi, ijaji iya kufuna isimo sokungqinelani esiya kwenza ukuba inxaxheba ayiyivuyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuya enkundleni akunakwandisa ukulawula kwakho, kunoko, kuyanciphisa kakhulu ulawulo lwamaqela omabini.
Zombini i-Sides ikwazi ukuLahla
Yiyo ekupheleni kweminye imfundo yezifundo kunye nokuba mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko ijaji libeka, onke amaqela alahlekileyo: i-State yase-Indiana, i-IBM kunye nabarhafi berhafu. Imicimbi nganye yayigwemekile, kodwa ingxaki nganye yayikhokelela kwinqanaba elide kwaze kwaba nzima ukuba iziganeko zomeleleke. Wonke umntu oye waphela enkundleni uyazibuza, "Yenzeke nini na le nto?" Yaye impendulo isoloko, "kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba umgwebo uqale." Ingxaki ezinzima zinganqotshwa, kodwa kungekho ngaphandle kwemizamo nokucwangcisa. Iingxaki kufuneka zichongwe kwaye zixazululwe xa umthengi kunye nomthengisi baqala ukuqhuba i-ajenda ehlukileyo; Ukuba ulinde ixesha elide ukukhula kweziganeko kuya kufinyelela kwindawo apho umcimbi usisombululo esedlulileyo.
Ngaphantsi
Ekugqibeleni, ukungaphumeleli kwekhonkontileka yokugqithiselwa kwe-Indiana kunye ne-IBM kubonakala kuphetshwe ngengqiqo. Bobabini amaqela abonakala behlakaniphile kwaye abanokwenza izinto kwaye bebanokukwazi ukuqonda iingxaki ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ukunqotshwa. Inkundla yafumanisa ukuba imiba yangempela-inzala, i-ajenda eziphikisanayo, ukungabikho kolwazi, kunye neengozi ezingabonakaliyo. Ngethuba bebengakhange bafunde kwiintsilelo zangaphambili, sinako. Ingaba uceba udibaniso lwe-mega okanye into ethobekileyo, qiniseka ukuba awuphindaphindi iimpazamo ezifanayo!