Inkcazo, iiNdidi kunye neMisebenzi
Ziziphi iimarike zemali? Ingadideka, kuba ihamba ngamagama amaninzi. Ziquka iimarike zentengo , iWall Street kunye nokuba "iimarike." Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubiza ntoni, iimarike zezemali yilapho abathengi bathengi kwaye bathengise iimpahla zabo, ezi zibandakanya izitokisi , iibhondi , iziphumo , ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kunye neemveliso. uya kukhulisa imali ekukhuleni. Yilapho iinkampani zinciphisa ingozi kwaye abatyali-mali bathatha imali.
Iintlobo zeMakethe yeMali
I-Stock Market yinkqutyana yokutshintshiselana apho iinkampani eziphumelelayo zikhuphula imali eninzi yokwandisa. Amasheya ayingxenye yobunini benkampani karhulumente ethengiswa kubasomali ngokusebenzisa abathengisi bee-broker. Abatyalomali bazuza xa iinkampani zandisa imali yazo. Oku kugcina umnotho waseUnited States ukhula. Kulula ukuthenga izitokisi, kodwa kuthatha ulwazi oluninzi ukuthenga izitokethi kwiinkampani ezifanelekileyo.
Kubantu abaninzi, i- Dow iyimakethe yemasheya. I-Dow, ebizwa ngokuba ngumdlalo we-Dow Jones Industrial Average, yindlela enye yokulandelela ukusebenza kweqela leempahla. Kukho kwakhona umlinganiselo weDow Jones weThutho kunye neDow Jones Utilities Average. Abanini-zimali abaninzi bayigatya i-Dow, kwaye kunoko bagxininise kwi- S & P 500 okanye ezinye iindleko zokulandelela inkqubela yeemakethe. Izitokethi ezenza ezi zibini zithengiswa kwiintengiso zehlabathi, ezimbini zazo ziquka iNew York Stock Exchange kunye neNASDAQ .
Indlela i-market market isebenza ngayo kuxhomekeke kwizenzo kunye nezigqibo zabathengi kunye nabathengisi malunga neengcamango zabo kwiinzuzo zeenkampani ezithengiswayo.
Iimali zengxowa-mali zikunika ithuba lokuthenga ezininzi izitokethi ngokukhawuleza. Ngendlela, oku kwenza ukuba kubekho ithuluzi elilula lokutyalomali kwisitokethi ngasinye.
Ngokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwemakethe ye-stock market, baye baba nefuthe lokunciphisa umnotho wase-US. Naphezu kwezibonelelo zabo, kusadingeka ufunde indlela yokukhetha i-fund eyodwa .
Imakethe yeBond yilapho imibutho iya khona ukufumana iimali-mboleko ezinkulu. Xa amaxabiso esitokhu senyuka, ixabiso lentengiso liyehla. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhondi , kuquka iibhondi ze-Treasury , izibophelelo zenkampani , kunye nezibophezelo zikamasipala . Iibhondi zibonelela ngezinye izibonelelo ezigcina uqoqosho lwe-US olusebenza kakuhle.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kweebhonki zeeNondyebo kunye nezivuno zentengo yeeNondyebo . Xa ixabiso lebhondi yexabiso likaNondyeli lihla, izivuno zenyuka ukuhlawulela. Xa i-Nondyebo ivelisa ukunyuka, ngoko ke inqanaba lokuthwala imali . Okubi nakakhulu, xa ixabiso leNondyebo lihla, ngokunjalo ixabiso le dollar . Oku kuvelisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okungeniswa, oku kungabangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Iingxelo zeNondyebo ziyakwazi ukuxela ikusasa. Ngokomzekelo, i -curve isivinini esikhutshwayo ikhuthaza ukunyuka kwemali.
Iimveliso zeMveliso yezoThengiso apho iikhampani zithintela ingozi yabo yesikhathi esizayo xa kuthengiswa okanye kuthengisa izibonelelo zendalo. Ekubeni amaxabiso ezinto ezinjengeoli, ingqolowa kunye negolide zincinci, iinkampani zinokungena kwixabiso eliyaziwayo namhlanje. Ekubeni ezo zintengiselwano zikarhulumente, abatyali-mali abaninzi banokuthengisa ngezinto zokufumana inzuzo kuphela.
Abanenjongo yokuthenga ubuninzi beepork bellies, umzekelo.
I-oyile iyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimveliso yase-US. Isetyenziselwa ukuthutha, iimveliso zorhwebo, iiplastiki, ukufudumala kunye nokuveliswa kombane. Xa ixabiso leoli liphakama, uza kubona umphumo kwixabiso lentengo malunga neveki kamva. Ukuba ixabiso leoli neegesi zihlala phezulu, uza kubona impembelelo kwixabiso lokutya malunga neiveki ezintandathu.
Iimarike zexesha elizayo zithengisa ixabiso leoli . Ziziphi ixesha elizayo ? Ziyindlela yokuhlawula into eyenziwa namhlanje. Oku kususa ezinye zezinto ezinokungazenziyo kwizoqoqosho zase-US. Ivumela amashishini ukuba alawule iindleko zexesha elizayo eziphathekayo ezisetyenziswayo imihla ngemihla.
Ixesha elizayo liyakwandisa umlinganiselo womthengisi ngokumvumela ukuba akhokhe imali ukuze athenge imveliso.
Le ndlela ibangela ukufumana i-outsize gains, ukuba abahwebi baqiqa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona iphakamisa ilahleko ukuba abahwebi bacinga ukuba bangalunganga. Ukuba abathengi abaneleyo bacinga ukuba kungalunganga, kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwizoqoqosho zase-US, ngokwenene ukwandisa ukungahambisani okukhulu. Ukuthengiswa kwezinto zokuthengisa kwakujongene nexabiso eliphezulu lexabiso leoli ngo-2008 no-2011, okubangele ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye ne-Arab Spring.
Enye into ebalulekileyo igolide . Kuthengwa njengentambo yokulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ixabiso leGolide likhuphuka xa kukho ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, yonke idola ingathengiswa kuyo ngexabiso layo kwigolide. Kodwa xa i-US ikhuphe umgangatho wegolide , yalahlekelwa lobudlelwane ngemali. Sekunjalo, abantu abaninzi babheka igolide njengendlela ekhuselekileyo yokufumana imali okanye imali.
Ii-Deri vayoves ziyimveliso yezemali eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisekela ixabiso lawo kwixabiso eliphantsi. Abatshali-mali abanzileyo kunye neengxowa-mali zisebenzise ukuba bazuze iindleko zabo. Ngonyaka ka-2007, i-hedge funds yanda kwintando ngenxa yokubuyela kwabo abaphezulu bezolimo. Ekubeni i-hedge imali ityala imali kakhulu kwixesha elizayo, abanye bathi banciphise ukunyanzeliswa kwemarike yemasheya kwaye ngoko ke uqoqosho lwase-US. Utyalo- mali lwe-hedge investment in subprime mortgages kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibangele ukuhlaselwa kweengxaki zezimali ze - 2008 .
Ngaphambi koko, i- hedge funds yayibonakalise ukuba yingozi. Ngo-1997, i-world hedge fund ngelo xesha, i- Long Term Management Management , ngokukhawuleza yehlisa umnotho wase-US.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-Forex yintengiso yehlabathi jikelele apho iithengi zithengwa kwaye zithengiswa. Ngaphezulu kwama-5.3 trillion ama-dollar athengiswa ngemini, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-87 zibandakanya idoli yase-US. Phantse enye-yesine yezobugcisa zenziwa ngamabhanki kubaxumi babo, ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka kokuqhuba ishishini phesheya. Iimali zeHedge zijongene nezinye iipesenti ezili-11 kwaye ezinye zazo ziqikelela. Eli shishini lichaphazela amaxabiso okutshintshisana kwaye ke ixabiso lentela kunye nezinye iirhafu. Ukutshintshwa kwamazinga okusebenza kusekelwe kwimfuno kunye nokunikezelwa kwemali yesizwe, kunye nokuzinza koqoqosho lwezoqoqosho kunye nolwazoqoqosho.
Imisebenzi yeMakethe yeMali
Iimarike zemali zenza inkqubo evulekileyo neyolawulo ukuze iinkampani zifumane ixabiso elikhulu lemali. Oku kwenziwa kwiimarike zentengo kunye neebhondi. Amakethi abuye avumele ukuba amashishini ahlawule umngcipheko. Bakwenza oku ngeemveliso, iimvumelwano zenkxaso-mali yangaphandle, kunye nezinye iziphumo.
Ekubeni iimarike zikarhulumente, zinika indlela evulekileyo kunye nevulekileyo yokubeka amanani kuzo zonke izinto ezithengiswayo. Zibonisa lonke ulwazi olukhoyo malunga nento yonke ethengiswayo. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zokufumana ulwazi, kuba sele lifakwe kwixabiso.
Ubungakanani obukhulu beemarike zezemali kubonelela ngexabiso. Ngamanye amazwi, abathengisi banokukhulula amaxabiso xa befuna ukunyusa imali. Ubungakanani banciphisa iindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi. Iinkampani akufuneki ukuya kude ukuya kuthenga umthengi okanye umntu ozimisele ukuthengisa.