Kukho izizathu ezintathu zokubambisa iingxaki eziphantsi. Okokuqala, baboleka ngemibutho emikhulu, njengezixeko, iinkampani kunye namazwe. Basenokwenzeka ukuba bahlawule iimali-mboleko kunabantu.
Okwesibini, abatyali-mali banesizathu esihle sokukholelwa isithintelo esithile singumngcipheko ophantsi.
Kungenxa yokuba ii-arhente zokulinganisa i-ejenti zifunda nganye inkampani kunye ne-bond. Bika ingxelo ngokukhuseleko kwezi mveliso.
Okwesithathu, iibhondi ziyakuthengiswa kwiimarike zikawonkewonke. Zizokhuseleko ezilula ukurhweba. Umtyalo-mali akasenayo ukugcina ubophelelo kubomi bemboleko.
Abondli-mali bond bafuna iziphumo eziqikelelweyo, kodwa abanye bazimisele ukuthatha ingozi ephezulu ukuze bafumane ukubuyiswa okungcono. Yingakho kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhondi . Izibophelelo ezinobungozi obuphezulu, njengezibophelelo ezingenanto kunye nezibopheko zoshishino ezikhulayo , nazo zibuyele phezulu. Iibhondi kunye nomngcipheko ophakathi kunye nokubuyela kubandakanya amaninzi amabhondi . Ubunzima obukhuselekileyo bubandakanya amaninzi amabhondi kamasipala kunye noorhulumente waseUnited States amanqaku .
Ama-Mortgages angengozini ephezulu kunezona zibophelelo ezininzi kuba zixesha elide, ngokuyiminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-30. Oko kuthetha ukuba bancintisana nezibophelelo ezikhuselekileyo zazo zonke, i- US Treasury . IiNondyebo zinikezwa ngeminyaka eyi-10 kunye neminyaka engama-30. Abatyalomali abangadingi imali yabo ixesha elide banokukhetha i-mortgages kuba banikela ngokuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-Treasurys.
Iimali zeeNondyebo zichaphazela iiRhafu zokuThengisa iMali
Amabhanki agcina inzala kwimigangatho yee-mortgage kuphela ngamanqaku ambalwa aphezulu kunamanqaku eNondyebo. Ekubeni amanqaku kaNondyebo aqinisekisiwe nguRhulumente we-federal, abanokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kwaye abatyali-mali abafunanga amazinga aphezulu .
Njengamaxabiso enzala kwi-US Treasury amanqaku aphakama, ithetha ukuba iibhanki ziyakwazi ukuphakamisa izinga lentlawulo kwimali emininzi.
Ababuyiselwa ekhaya baya kufuneka bahlawule ngaphezulu ngenyanga nganye mboleko efanayo. Ubanika abaphantsi ukuchitha kwixabiso lekhaya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ixabiso lentengo liphakama, amaxabiso ezindlu awela.
Nangona izibophelelo zeNondyebo zibuyiselwe phantsi, zineempembelelo ezinkulu kwizinga lentengo yokuboleka imali . Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali abasemarike-mboleko ye-mortgage-backed securities balindele inqanaba eliphezulu lemali kule migangatho ephezulu yengozi ngaphandle kwe-Treasurys.
Ziziphi iziqinisekiso zokubambisa imali? Ziyimfihlo ezixhaswa yi-mortgages ukuba iibhanki zemali. Kunokuba babambe iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-30, iibhanki zithengisa i-mortgages ku- Fannie Mae noFreddie Mac . Bazixhaphaza kunye babathengise kwimarike yesibini . Yilapho bathengwa ngemali yeentambo kunye neebhanki ezinkulu.
Inkathazo yezemali ibonise ukuba izithenxo ezininzi ezixhaswa ngemali engenakuthi zikhuselekile njengoko abatyala-mali babecinga. Bekunamanqanaba aphezulu kunye namanqaku angabonakalwanga e- subprime mortgages .
Kutheni i-Higher Treasury Rates engazange ifuthe i-Housing ngo-2013
Ngo-2012 nangama-2013, amanani ezindlu ahlawulela ukusuka ku-33% ehlayo elibangelwa yiRest Recession . Kwiindawo ezininzi, amaxabiso aphindwe kabini ngonyaka nje. Yayiyimpawu yokuba abaninzi abatyali-zimali bezindlu bafuna.
Njengoko amaxabiso aphakama, baphinde bavakalelwa kukuba izindlu zenze utyalo-mali. Abaninzi balaba bathengi basebenzisa imali, ebehleli phantsi okanye batyala imali kwezinye izinto ezifana negolide. Aba batyali-mali abazange bakhathalele ukuba amazinga omyinge aphakama kuba ayengadingi imali.
Abanye ababuyiselwe ekhaya babuya iimfuno zokuthenga imali, kodwa beyazi ukuba kusekho indawo eninzi yezindlu zokunyuka ukunyuka. Baye banethemba lokuba i-real estate yayisisityenzisi-mali esilungileyo, nangona iirhafu zenyuka. Njengoko ukuhlaziywa kwezindlu kwenyuka, abaninzi abanini bezindlu abaye bahlaselwa phantsi kwemali yabo yokugcina imali bangagcina bathengise elo khaya bathenge enye entsha.
Ekugqibeleni kodwa ubuncinci, njengoko uqoqosho luqhubeka luphucula, abaninzi abantu babuyela emsebenzini okokuqala ngqa kwiminyaka. Babehlala nezihlobo okanye abahlobo kwaye ekugqibeleni banako ukuphuma baye bathenge ikhaya.
Ngoko nangona izinga lokunyuka kwamatyala ephakamileyo lenza ukuba ixabiso lokuthenga imali likhuphuke, alizange linciphise i-market market.