Kutheni Ngoku Kungoku Ixesha Eligqibeleleyo Lokufumana Imali
Isivuno sagxila emva kokuba uDonald Trump anqobe ukhetho loongameli luka - 2016 . Abatyalomali bazive ukuba ukunyuswa kweerhafu kudala imisebenzi kwaye kuphuculwe uqoqosho. Yilapho abatshali-mali batshintshela kwisitokethi kunye notyalo-mali.
Ngo-Disemba 16, 2016, izinga liye laya kuma-2.6 ekhulwini. Oku kuphakamileyo kunezinga elingu-2,24 kwipesenti ekuqaleni kwe-2016.
IiRhafu nazo zavuka ngenxa yokuba i- Federal Reserve yaphakamisa izinga lokuhlawula imali ngomhla kaDisemba 14, 2016. I-Fed ikulindele ukuphakamisa izinga leemali ezidliweyo ngamanqaku amaninzi ngo-2017 .
Iibhidi zeeNondyebo ze- US , iibhonksi kunye namanqaku zichaphazela ngqo amazinga omyinge kwiimali-mboleko eziphantsi. Njani? Xa iNondyebo ivelisa ukunyuka, kunjalo nenani lentengo. Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali abafuna ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo kwinqanaba lentlalo yemirhumo yazo yonke imveliso engenayo engenayo . Ezi ziquka i-Treasurys, izatifikethi zediphozithi kunye nemali yemarike yemali . Ziquka iimboleko zemali kunye nezibophelelo zenkampani . Zonke izivuno zezibophelelo zichaphazeleka yiNondyebo isivuno njengoko zikhuphisana noluhlobo olufanayo lomtyalo-mali.
Amanqaku e-Nondyebo aphephe kakhulu kuba urhulumente wase-United States ubaqinisekisa. Ii-CD kunye neemali zemarike zemali zihamba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba ziqinisekisiwe.
Ukuhlawulela umngcipheko ophezulu, banikezela inzala ephezulu. Ngaphezulu, jonga Usuku iMali yeMali yeMarike kufuphi ne-Broken Broke.
Ama-Mortgages anikezela ngokuphindaphinda phezulu kwengozi. Abatyalomali bathenga iimali ezixhaswa yixabiso lemali mboleko yasekhaya. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yimali yokubambisa i-mortgage-backed securities . Xa iNondyebo ivelisa ukunyuka, iibhanki zihlawulisa inzala ephakamileyo yamanani.
Abatyalomali kwiimali ezixhaswa ngemali-mboleko ke ngoko bafuna amazinga aphezulu. Bafuna isinxephezelo kumngcipheko omkhulu.
Abo bafuna imbuyiselo ephezulu yokuthenga izibophelelo zenkampani. I-arhente zokulinganisa zifana neenkampani zeBakala kunye neBahlwempu kunye nezibophelelo zabo kwinqanaba lomngcipheko. Ukufumana okungakumbi, jonga ukuba ixabiso leBond lichaphazela njani iRhafu yeMali yokuThatha imali .
UNondyebo Uvelisa kuphela Ukuchaphazela Imali-mboleko yeeNkcazo zasekhaya
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-Nondyebo ivelisa kuphela iithintelo ezibhalwe phantsi. Inqaku le-10 leminyaka lichaphazelekayo ngemali-mboleko yeminyaka eyi-15 xa ubuhlobo beminyaka engama-30 buchaphazela iimali-mboleko zeminyaka engama-30.
Isantya semali esondayo sichaphazela imali yokuguqula imali . I-Federal Reserve ibeka ithagethi kwizinga leemali ezidityanisiweyo. Ixabiso leebhanki zihlawulana ngokubambisana ngokubambisa ubusuku obufunekayo ukuze kugcinwe imfuno yazo yokugcina . Isantya semali esondliwe sichaphazela i- LIBOR . Leyo ntlawulo ibhanki ihlawulana enye, ezintathu neenyanga ezintandathu zemboleko. Kwakhona kuthintela izinga lokuqala . Leyo ibhanki yentlawulo ihlawulise abathengi abangcono kakhulu. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, isantya semali esondliwe sichaphazela imali ebolekiswayo. Ezi zibuyiselwa kwakhona ngokuqhelekileyo. Nantsi i- Historical Fed Funds Rate .
Amanqaku kaNondyebo asebenza njani?
Isebe le- Nondyebo le- US lithengisa amabhili, amanqaku kunye neebhondi ziza kuhlawula ityala le- US .
Inika amanqaku ngokwemigaqo emibini, emithathu, emihlanu kunye neminyaka eyi-10. Iibhonki zikhutshwa ngokweminyaka engama-30. Iingqununu zithunyelwa ngokweminyaka enye okanye ngaphantsi. Abantu baphinde babhekisele kunoma yikuphi ukhuseleko lweNondyebo njengezibophelelo, iimveliso zeNondyebo okanye i-Treasurys. Inqaku eliyiminyaka eli-10 liyimveliso ethandwa kakhulu.
U-Nondyebo uthengisa amabhondi kwintengiso. Ibeka inani elijongene neliso kunye nenani lentengo kwi-bond nganye. Ukuba kukho imfuno eninzi yoNondyebo, baya ku-bidder ophezulu kwixabiso elingaphezulu kwexabiso lobuso. Oku kunciphisa isivuno okanye ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo kwi-mali. Kungenxa yokuba umthengi kufuneka ahlawule ngaphezulu ukuze athole i-interest rate rate. Ukuba akukho mfuno eninzi, aba bhidi baya kuhlawula ngaphantsi kwexabiso lobuso. Oku kwandisa isivuno. Umthengi uhlawula ngaphantsi ukufumana umlinganiselo wenzala. Yingakho iifuno zihlala zihamba ngendlela echasene nexabiso leNondyebo.
Ngaphezulu, jonga Kutheni amaxabiso eBond kunye neBond ivelisa kwiiNkcazelo ezichaseneyo?
Inqaku leNondyebo livelise yonke imihla. Kungenxa yokuba abatyali-mali bathengisa kwiimarike zesekondari . Xa kungekho mfuneko emininzi, ixabiso lentengiso liyehla. Ukuveliswa kwandisa ukuhlawula. Oku kwenza ukuba kubize ukuthenga ikhaya ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinga lomhlalaphansi. Abathengi kufuneka bahlawule imali yabo yokuthenga imali, ngoko ke banyanzeliswa ukuba bathenge ikhaya elincinci. Oko kwenza abakhi bexabiso eliphantsi kwezindlu. Ekubeni ukwakhiwa kwekhaya kuyinxalenye yomkhiqizo wekhaya ophantsi, amaxabiso aphantsi asekhaya ayancipha ukukhula koqoqosho .
Izivuno eziphantsi kwi-Treasurys zithetha ixabiso elincinci kwimali-mboleko. Abakwa-Homebuyers banakho ukufumana ikhaya elikhulu. Ukwanda kweemfuno kukhuthaza imakethe yezindlu. Oko kukhuthaza umnotho. Amanani aphantsi abuye avumele abanikazi bezindlu ukuba bafumane i- mortgage yesibini . Baya kusebenzisa loo mali ukuphucula ikhaya, okanye ukuthenga iimveliso zabathengi. Zomibini zikhuthaza uqoqosho.
Xa iiRhafu zokuQala ziPhela kwi-Low-Year Low
Ngomhla ka-Juni 1, 2012, isivuno kwiNqaku leNondyebo le-10 leminyaka liye lahleka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha loshishino lwe-intraday ukuya kuma-1,442 ekhulwini, ephantsi kwiminyaka engama-200. Ekupheleni kosuku, izinga livaliwe nje phezulu, kwi-1,47 pesenti.
Kutheni ukuba isivuno siphantsi kangaka? Abatyalomali bathatywe xa ingxelo yengqesho ingena ngaphantsi kunokuba ikulindeleke. Bakhathazekile ngeengxaki ze- eurozone . Bathengisa ama-stocks, ukuqhuba iDow phantsi kwamanqaku angama-275. Bafaka imali yabo kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kuphela, i-US Treasury ibona. Igolide, indawo ekhuselekileyo ngo-2011, yahlaselwa ngenxa yokukhula okuphantsi kwezoqoqosho eChina nakwamanye amazwe athengayo.
Abatyalomali babengasenakufumana ukuzithemba kwabo kwi- market market crash ka-2008 . Kwakhona, babengenasiphelo sokuthi urhulumente wephondo uza kuvumela uqoqosho ukuba luye kwi- cliff yezimali . Yongeza ekuqinisekiseni malunga nomnyaka wokhetho lonyulo, kwaye unemeko engenakwenzeka kwiminye iminyaka engama-200.
Isivuno savuka ngaphezu kwama-75 ekhulwini, ukuya kuma-2.98 ekhulwini phakathi kukaMeyi noSeptemba 2013. Isivuno saqala ukunyuka emva kokuba i-Fed yazisa ukuba yayiza kuthenga ukuthenga kwayo kwe-Treasurys kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso. I-Fed yayithenge i-$ 85 yezigidi ngenyanga ukususela ngoSeptemba 2011. Oku bekuyinxalenye yenkqubo yokunciphisa inani .