Kutheni Abantu Bathengela Imali Engenayo Yokufumana Imali
Ukufunwa kwemali engeniso yenkxaso-mali eyongeziweyo emva kokunyuka kwe- 2008 .
Kungenxa yokuba umgaqo-mali we-Federal Reserve wokwandisa imali ugcine inzala yemali kwiirekhodi eziphantsi kweeminyaka ezixhenxe ezinde. Abatyalomali abanomngcipheko baye batshintsha ngaphezulu kweefowenuli zabo kwimveliso engenayo engenayo. Babefuna ukugcina iintlawulo kwizinga elinye.
Iintlobo zeNgeniso eHlomelo
Kukho amacandelo amane amaninzi ebanzi atyala imali. Iimveliso zexeshana zibuyisela izinga eliphantsi, kodwa ubophelela kuphela imali yakho ngeenyanga ezimbalwa. Iimveliso zexesha elide zihlawula izinga eliphezulu, kodwa kufuneka ushiye imali yakho imali-mali iminyaka.
Iimveliso eziyimveliso zenziwe. Bafumana ixabiso labo kwii-short-term product or short-term products. Banobuchule obukhulu bokubuya ngenxa yokuba utyalo lwemali yakho encinci. Kodwa xa belahlekelwa yimali, unokulahlekelwa lukhulu kunotyalo-mali lokuqala. Iintlawulo zengeniso ezixhomekeke kumntu wesithathu ziqinisekisiwe.
Ixesha elifutshane: Ixabiso lentengo kula ma-akhawunti lisekelwe kwinqanaba lemali elondliwe , okanye ixabiso elilinganayo lemali yexabiso likaMondyebo kwiminyaka emine okanye ngaphantsi.
Xa ixabiso lemali elondliwe liye lanciphisa ukuya kutsho ngonyaka ka-2008, le mveliso yafumana amanqanaba aphezulu aphezulu. Ukufumana isivuno esiphezulu, abatyali-mali ngabanye basuka kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kutyalo-mali olude. Amashishini asebenzisa iimali-mboleko zexesha elifutshane ukufihla ukuhamba kwemali ezifunekayo ukuhlawula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
I-Akhawunti ze-Savings : Ibhanki ikuhlawulela inani elimisiweyo lomdla, ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lemali elondliwe.
Ungongeza okanye uhoxise nayiphi na into oyithandayo.
Iimali zeeNkcazo zeMali : Ibhanki ikuhlawulela inqanaba elincinci eliphezulu lemali. Ngokubuyisela, kufuneka ugcine inani elincinci elifakwe. Ulinganiselwe kwinani leentengiselwano ongayenza ngonyaka.
Izatifikethi zeDisposithi : Kufuneka ugcine imali yakho inikwe imali ngexesha elivunyelweneyo lokufumana izinga elibuyisiweyo lokubuyisela.
Iimali zeeMali zeMarike : Ezi ngxowa-mali ezizimeleyo ezityalomali kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutsalwa kwexesha elifutshane. Uhlawulwa ireyithi echanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwii-secured securities. Ezi ziquka iimali-mali zeeNondyebo, amanqaku aseburhulumenteni kunye ne-Eurodollar. Kwakhona zibandakanya izivumelwano zokuthengwa, izatifikethi zediphozithi kunye nephepha lokuthengisa. Zikwasekwa kwiimbopheleleko zezizwe, izixeko, okanye ezinye iintlobo zamaarhente kamasipala.
IiNgxowa-mali zeBond zexesha elifutshane: Ezi mali zidibeneyo zonyaka-mali ukuya kuminyaka emine. Uninzi lwazo zibamba zibophelelo zenkampani.
Ixesha elide: Iirhafu zemali kule akhawunti zilandela amanqaku kunye neebhonki ze-Treasury. Isilinganiso sithembele kubude bebhondi.
Iimali eziMntu ngamnye : Yiyo ndlela imibutho efumana ngayo iimali-mboleko ezinkulu. Ngokungafani nemali-mboleko, iibhondi zingathengwa okanye zathengiswe njengazo naluphi na ukhuseleko. Xa amaxabiso esitokhu senyuka, ixabiso lentengiso liyehla.
Iibhondi zibuyisela ngaphantsi kwaye ingozi engaphantsi kuneempahla. Abathengi bathenga xa befuna ukuphepha ingozi.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhondi . Ikhuselekileyo yikhutshwa nguRhulumente. Iimpawu ezithandwa kakhulu yi- US Treasury amanqaku kunye nezibophelelo ($ 10,4 trillion ekhoyo). Ezi zilandelayo zikhombiselwano zikamasipala (i-$ 3.8 trillion ephezulu), kunye nezibophelelo zokugcina . Ekubeni zikhuselekileyo, zinikeza ngeniso engenayo ephantsi.
Abanini-zimali abaninzi batyelela kwiibhondi zenkampani ezinikezela ngezinga eliphezulu. Kukho i $ 8.1 trillion ngoku kwezi zibophelelo ezingekhoyo. Iinkampani zithengisa xa zifuna imali kodwa azifuni ukukhupha iimpahla.
Kukho iimbumba ezimbini zeebhondi kunye nezitokisi. Iimpahla ezikhethiweyo zihlawula isahlulelo esiqhelekileyo, nangona zihlobo lwesitokisi. Izibophelelo eziguquguqukayo zibophelelo ezinokuguqulwa kwiimpahla. Iibhanki ezihlawula izabelo eziqhelekileyo zisoloko zifakwe endaweni yeengxowa-mali ezingenayo.
Nangona bengenayo ingeniso yezobuchwepheshe, abaphathi beepotfoliyo bahlala bebaphatha njengolu hlobo.
I-Eurobonds ligama eliqhelekileyo kwiibhanki ze-Eurodollar. Ziyizibophelelo zenkampani ezikhutshwe nge-euro endaweni yelizwe lawo okanye iidola zase-US.
Iimali zeMpahla yeeMpahla eziManyeneyo : Ezi ngxowa-mali ezizimeleyo ezinobuninzi beebhondi. Okuvumela umtyalo-mali ukuba athole inzuzo yokubambisa izibophelelo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokuthenga nokuthengisa. Iimali zengxowa-mali zinika inkxaso ngokubanzi kunokuba abatshali-mali abaninzi banokufumana ngokwabo.
UkuTshintshwa kweeNgxowa-mali eziThengisiweyo : i-ETFs yeBond iyathandwa kuba iindleko eziphantsi. Benza nje ukulandelela ukusebenza kwenkcazo yebhondi, endaweni yokuphathwa okusebenzayo njengengxowa-mali.
Iziphumo eziNgenisiweyo zeNgeniso: Le mveliso yezemali ifumana ixabiso layo kwizibophelelo ezingaphantsi. Abatshali-mali, iinkampani, kunye neefenimali zezimali ziwasebenzisa ukuba zihlasele ilahleko.
- Izinketho zinika umthengi ilungelo, kodwa kungabi mfanelo, ukurhweba ibhondi kwixabiso elithile ngomhla ovunyelwene ngawo. Ilungelo lokuthenga ibhondi libizwa ngokuba ngumnxeba wokufownela . Ilungelo lokuthengisa ibhondi yindlela yokukhetha . Baye bathengiswa kumashishini atshintshiselwano.
- Iikhontrakthi zexesha elizayo zinjengokukhetha, ngaphandle kokuba zibophe iqhaza ukuba zenze urhwebo. Bathengiswa ngokutshintshiselana.
- Iikhontraki zangaphambili zifana nezivumelwano zexesha elizayo , ngaphandle kokuba zithengiswa kwichitshintshi. Kunoko, bathengiswa kwi-Counter Counter , nokuba phakathi kwamaqela amabini ngqo okanye ngebhanki. Ngokuqhelekileyo zilungelelaniswe kwiimfuno ezithile zamacandelo amabini.
- Ukubambisa izibambiso ezixhaswe ngemali kuzuza ixabiso labo kwiimpahla zokubolekisa ekhaya. Njengesibophelelo, banikela izinga lokubuyela ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lexabiso eliphantsi.
- Izibophelelo zetyala eliphantsi kwexabiso lawo ngokwexabiso lemali mboleko kunye netyala lekhadi lesikweletu. Ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa izibophelelo zeebhanki zenkampani ngokubaluleka kwazo.
- Iphepha lezorhwebo elixhaswa nge-asethi liyimpakethi yonyaka omnye. Zisekelwe kwii-asethi zentengiso. Ezi ziquka indawo yokuhlala, iinqwelo zokuhamba ngeemoto, okanye ezinye iimpahla zeshishini.
- Inzala ye-swaps intsingiselo ivumela izibhenkethi ukuba zitshintshe iirhafu zerhafu yexesha elizayo. Ezi ziphakathi komnini webhanki-nzala-mboleko kunye nomnye ophethe isibophelelo-mboleko. Bathengisa ngaphezu kweComputer. Ukutshintshwa kwezinto kukukhethiweyo kwi-swap interest rate swap. Ziyimvelaphi esekelwe kwi-derivative. Zifanele zisetyenziselwe ukucinga ngokunyuka kwezinga lomdla.
- Intlawulo yokubuyisela i-swaps ifana ne-swaps yentlawulo yemali, ngaphandle kokuba iintlawulo zisekelwe kwizibophelelo. Banokufumana ixabiso labo kwi-index index, i-index index, okanye i-bundle yemboleko.
Iimpawu zentlawulo yeNtlawulo yeNtlawulo yeThathu eXhasayo: Ezinye iimifuziselo ezifumanekayo ezingenakuxhomekeka kwixabiso lentyalo-mali. Endaweni yoko, intlawulo iqinisekiswe ngumntu wesithathu.
Ukhuseleko Lentlalo: Iintlawulo ezifumanekayo zifumaneka emva kweminyaka ethile. Kuqinisekisiwe nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni kwaye ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwiirhafu zomvuzo ozihlawule. Ilawulwa yiNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko loLuntu .
Iipenshini : Iintlawulo ezihlawuliweyo eziqinisekisiwe ngumqeshi wakho, ngokusekelwe kwinani leminyaka oye wasebenza kunye nomvuzo wakho. Iinkampani, imibutho kunye noorhulumente basebenzisa iimali zempesheni ukuqinisekisa ukuba zanele ukwenza iintlawulo. Njengoko abasebenzi abaninzi behlala phantsi, iinkampani ezimbalwa zinika le ntlawulo.
Iimali eziNyathelo eziHlomelo : Imveliso yomshuwalense eqinisekisa ukuba inkokhelo echanekileyo ngexesha elivunyelweneyo. Ezi zanda ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi abambalwa bafumana ipensheni.
Indlela yokuThola iFixed income ithintela njani uqoqosho lwe-US
Ingeniso ekhompyutheni inikezela ubuninzi bobutyebi obugcina umnotho waseUnited States. Amashishini aya kwiimarike ezibopheleleyo ukuze akhulise iimali zokukhula. Basebenzisa izixhobo zemarike zemali ukufumana imali efunekayo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Nantsi into eyenzekayo xa kwakukho ukuqhuba kuloo marike yemali .
Iimali zeeNondyebo, amanqaku, kunye neebhondi zinceda ukubeka amaxabiso enzala. Njani? Xa kufuneke ukuba izibhonkco zeNondyebo ziwe, ukuveliswa kweemveliso kuphakame. Abatyalomali ke bafuna inzala ephezulu ephezulu kwimali engeniso-mali. Ezi thumela amazinga aphezulu kwi-auto, yesikolo, kunye nemali mboleko.
Ixabiso lentengo elincinci lingabangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Kungenxa yokuba kukho ubuninzi beempahla ezixoshelwa iimpahla ezimbalwa. Ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kungabonakali kwiindleko zethengi, kungenza iiblubhe ze- asethi kutyalo-mali.
Ungasetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-Treasury isivuno ukuqikelela ikusasa. Ngokomzekelo, i -curve isivinini esivutyoshelweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ukunyuka kwemali. Xa oko kwenzeka, kunemiphumo efanayo kwizinga lentengo yokuboleka imali . Ichaphazela imfuno yendawo yokuhlala , exhasa iipesenti ezi-6 zoqoqosho. Iibhondi zithintela ireyiti yemithwalo yemithwalo yempahla ngenxa yokuba zikhuphisana nabalimi-zimali abafanayo. Xa amaxabiso omabhondi ewa, ngoko ke imali yokuboleka imali kufuneka kwakhona.
Imfuno yeNondyebo amanqaku enye yezinto ezintathu ezichaphazela ixabiso leedola . Kungenxa yokuba bobabini babonwa njengotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo, kwaye bavame ukuphakama nokuwa kunye. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukulindela kwamazinga aphezulu aphezulu kuya kuqhuba ifuna idola.