Ukuxhamla kwezoqoqosho ezizimeleyo ezingazange zenzeke
Kwakuyi-3.8 yeepesenti yokunyuka kwiintengo ezinkulu kunye neerhafu zebhanki eziphezulu. (Umthombo: "Iimpahla zeMpahla eziTyebi," i-CNBC, ngoNovemba 12, 2012.)
Ukuchithwa kwezinto ezimbini kuya kwenzeka emva kokuphela kweenzuzo ezingaphangeliyo zengqesho kunye nokuqala kwe-10% kwi-budget yeBhunga elikwazisiweyo elibizwa ngokuba yi- sequestration .
Kwakhona, imali yokusetyenziswa kwemali yayiza kudlulela i-$ 16.394 yezigidigidi zama-trillion ekupheleni kwe-2013. Ukuba iNkongolo ayizange iphakamise i-plail, isizwe sasiya kuhlawula ityala layo . UMongameli uBarack Obama uzame ukuphakamisa ityala leenxalenye zeengxoxo zeengxowa-mali.
Ukungaqiniseki malunga neentsika zezoqoqosho kwaqala ukuphuhlisa ukukhula koqoqosho ukususela ngoMeyi 2012. Kodwa wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba akukho nto iya kwenziwa emva koonyulo. Abaviwa ababini bahlala kwiifilosofi ezahlukahlukeneyo ngendlela engcono yokunciphisa ityala. U-Obama wayekuthanda ukuhlawula irhafu kwintsimi.
URomney wayefuna ukunciphisa imali engeyiyo yokukhusela. Njengoko iqela elichasene ngokukhawuleza liqhubekile, iinkokheli zoshishino zazilinda.
Inkcazo yeMali echazwe
Ukungaphumeleli komgaqo- nkqubo wezemali kubangele i-cliff fiscal. Kuza kuba negalelo ngokunyuka kwenyuka irhafu kunye nokunciphisa ukuchitha imali ngexesha elinye.
Imirhumo yayiya kunyuka i-$ 2,000 ukuya kwii-3,000 zezindlu ngokwekhaya.
Ukuphelelwa kwexesha lokuhlawula irhafu ye-Bush e- EGTRRA kunye ne- JGTRRA bekuye kwandisa iirhafu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Intlawulo yerhafu: ubuyela kwixesha le- Clinton-rates .
- Intlawulo yexabiso lentengo: ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini.
- Iirhafu zokuhlula: ukusuka kuma-15 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-43 ekhulwini.
- Intlawulo yezindlu: ukusuka kuma-35 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-55 ekhulwini, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu belifa.
Ukuba irhafu yokuhlawula idibene iphelelwe yisikhathi, abasebenzi babeya kubona ezinye iipesenti ezi-2 ezithatyathwe ngaphandle kweefowuni zazo ukuya kwiNtlalo yoKhuselo.
I-AMT yayiza kubanjisa abasebenzi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-21 abangaphezu kwama-50,000 ngonyaka. I-AMT yayisungulwe ekuqaleni ukuba ibambe iintlawulo zerhafu ezibutyebi. Kodwa ekubeni yayingekho i-indexed for inflation, yayiza kuphakamisa irhafu kubahlawuli berhafu abaninzi abaphakathi kwemali eyi-3,700.
Ukuchithwa kwemali kwiingeniso zengqesho ezingaphantsi kwaye kwachaphazela abantu abafuna izigidi ezimbini. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemali kwakuza kutshabalalisa imali yempi nge- $ 55 yezigidigidi. Uninzi lwamanye amasebe aya kunqunyulwa ama-8 ekhulwini. Oko kwakuquka uncedo ekuthiwa, ukwakha imigwaqo, kunye ne-FBI. (Imithombo: "I-Cliff Plunge: Konke kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuPhepha intlungu," i-CNBC, ngoNovemba 13, 2012. "I-Cliff Cliff ichazwe," iForbes, ngoNovemba 10, 2012.)
USihlalo waseState Reserve uBen Bernanke wasebenzisa eli gama ngoFebruwari 2012.
Wayilumkisa iKomidi yeeNkonzo zezeMali, "Ngaphantsi komthetho okhoyo, ngomhla kaJan 1, 2013, kuya kuba nenqwelwana enkulu yokuhlawula imali kunye nokunyuka kweerhafu ..." (Umthombo: "UBernanke Warns of the Massive Fiscal Cliff, "Intaba, ngoFebruwari 29, 2012.)
Ngowe-1987, i- Boston Globe yayisetyenziselwa ukuchaza imeko yezemali yoluntu. Yasetyenziswa kwakhona ngo-1991 ngu-Representative waseCalifornia uHenry Waxman, ngokubhekiselele kwisabelo-mali se-Oregon. (Umthombo: "I-Oxford Dictionary.")
Izizathu
Ngo-2010, uMongameli kunye neSenate elawulwa nguMdemokhrasi abavumelani neNdlu elawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi ngeendlela ezilungileyo zokunciphisa ilahleko kunye netyala . Njengoko iindleko zikaRhulumente ziza kudlulela ilityala lesibini, zombini amaqela avumile ukutyumba ikhomishini ye-bipartisan ukucebisa isisombululo. UMongameli wamisela iKhomishini ngoFebruwari 18.
Wawutyala ukuba unciphise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini we-GDP.
Ingxelo yokugqibela yeSimpson-Bowles ya ngeniswa ngoDisemba 1, 2010. INgqungquthela ayizange iyayihoxise. Esikhundleni salo, sidlulisele uMthetho woLawulo loHlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngo-Agasti 2011. Wayegunyaza ukuchithwa kwepesenti ezi-10 ezijoliswe ukuba zibe nzima kakhulu kangangokuthi ziza kuqhuba iCongress ukwenza.
Umngcipheko wawungenxa yemimandla emithathu:
1. Iidemokhrasi zenqwenela ukwandisa i-Bush tax cuts kwiintsapho ezenza i-$ 250,000 okanye ngaphezulu. AmaRiphabhlikhi anqwenela ukwandisa ukunyuswa kwentela kumntu ukuba ubani akanako ukufumana.
2. AbaDemokhrasi banokuthi banqunywe ngaphezulu kwemali yokukhusela, ngelixa iRiphabhlikhi ingathanda ukunqunyulwa koLuntu lweNtlalo, iMicicaid, kunye neMedare.
3. AbaRiphabhliki bafuna ukuphelisa irhafu ye-Obamacare.
Lo mgangatho wawukhokelo lwezopolitiko ngaphambi kokhetho lukaMongameli luka - 2012 . Emva kokhetho lukaNovemba, imarike yemasheya yawa. Kungenxa yokuba abanini bempahla baqala ukuthatha inzuzo ukukhusela izinga lokuhlawula irhafu ngokunyuka kweentengo kunye negalelo ukusuka ekuphelisweni kwentlawulo yaseBush kunye nokumiselwa kweerhafu ze-Obamacare. Ngaphandle kwesisombululo semali, ama shishini aqhubeka nokunciphisa ukukhula nokuqesha. Abazange bafune ukwandisa ebusweni bokungena kwemali. Ngaphezu koko, abanye abashishini bathengisa iinkampani zabo ngo-2012, ukuphepha ukunyuka kweerhafu kwenyuka ngo-2013.
Yingakho uMongameli uBabraham wathi okuphambili kwayo emva kokuphumelela ukhetho kwakufuneka asebenze neCongress ukulungisa isantya sezimali. I-CEO yeGoldman Sachs uLloyd Blankfein uthe amabhizinisi abo ayehleli ngaphezu kwama-1 trillion ngemali, elinde iWashington ukuba alungise. Emva kokungaqiniseki ngezinga lokuhlawula irhafu, i-imali yayiza kusebenza, iinkampani zandisa kunye nokwakha imisebenzi.
NgoNovemba 22, iinkokheli zeNdlu kunye neSenate zidibana noMongameli Obama, kwaye kwabonakala ngathi idibaniselwano yayisondele. I-Senate I-Leadity Leader uHarry Reid ithe iintetho zahamba kakuhle kangangokuthi wacinga ukuba kuya kwenziwa ngaphambi kweKrisimesi. Kwakubonakala ngathi la macala amabini ayengaphezulu ukulungelelanisa. Amademokhrasi aya kunqumla ngaphezu koko ayifunayo. AmaRiphabhliki aya kuvumela ukunyuswa kweerhafu ngaphezulu kunokuba befuna.
UMongameli uBabri wavelisa iSicwangciso "A." Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, amaqela amabini ayesondele kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile. Umzekelo, akukho mntu wayefuna ukulandelwa . Kodwa u-Obama wayebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokuvuselela, njengendlela yokwakha, ukuba wayesazi ukuba akayi kudlula. Esi siphakamiso sokuqala sishiye indawo yokuxoxisana kunye nokunciphisa.
NgoDisemba 12, i-CEO ye-JP Morgan Chase uJamie Dimon uthe i-yorhwebo yoluntu yayilungile kunye nezinga eliphezulu leerhafu Ukuba urhulumente waseburhulumenteni uza kunciphisa imali yokuthenga. Oku kubonise ukuba amashishini ayekhululekile ngokunyuswa kweerhafu kuninzi kwiiTeans Party Republican . Waqhubeka wongeza ukuba uqoqosho luya kukhawuleza ludlulele kwizinga lokukhula lokukhulisa iipesenti ezi-4 emva kokuba isicombululo siphendululwe. Ukubikezela kwakhe kubonise ukuba kungakanani ukungaqiniseki malunga nendawo yokuhlawula imali eyayilimaza uqoqosho lwaseMelika.
Ekupheleni kukaDisemba, uBoehner walahlekelwa inkxaso evela kwiphathi lakhe kwiCwangciso "B." Oku kwakuquka ukulungelelanisa ukuvumela ukuhlawula intela ye-Bush ukuphelelwa yimali engaphezulu kwe-1 million yezigidi. AmaRiphabhliki amaninzi ayengxhalaba ukuba, ukuba bavotela ukunyuka kweerhafu, baya kulahlekelwa ukhetho lwangexesha eliphakathi ngo-2014. I-Congress idibene kwieholide, ithembisa ukufumana isisombululo ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Ukungaqiniseki malunga nesiphumo kugcinwe ukukhula koqoqosho kunciphise ukungaqeshwa. Uninzi lwamashishini kufuneka alondoloze kwaye alandele izicwangciso zokusebenza ezibandakanya isimo sengxowankulu.
Iintetho zokukhusela i-floral fiscal ilawulwe iindaba ngo-2012. Indlu elawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi yayifuna ukuchitha imali, ngelixa i-Senate elawulwa yi-Democrat kunye ne-White House igxininise ukunyuka kweentlawulo. Le nkxalabo ebrakra ibonakalisa ukutshintshwa kwamandla ezopolitiko okwenzeka emva koonyulo lukaMongameli ka - 2012 .
Ubunzima bokufikelela kwisingqinisiso kubonisa indlela amahlangothi omabini adle ngayo ingcamango yazo. Nangona bazama ukwenza izinto, ukungaqiniseki ngenxa yesiphumo kwanciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho, ukugcina izigidi zingasebenzi.
Ngethuba lokugqibela leentsuku zonyaka, iCongress ayifumananga isisombululo. Kodwa oku kungenxa yokuba abaninzi beRiphabhliki basayine isibambiso sokuba abanako ukuvota ukwenyuka kweerhafu. Kunoko, babeza kufumana lula ukuvota ukwenzela ukuhla kweerhafu emva kokuba izicucu zerhafu zaseBush zaphela ngokusemthethweni. Ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko, kuya kuba lula ukufumana isivumelwano ukuba ilizwe liye laphuma kwintlambo iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye kwiveki. Oku akuyi kuba yintlekele, njengoko nayiphi na isivumelwano siza kubuyiselwa.
Kwakungadingekile
Ingqungquthela enkulu yenkxalabo yeengcipheko zezimali yayingumntu wonke. Enyanisweni, umlinganiselo we-US -to-GDP umlinganiselo wawungaphezu kwe-100percent, inqanaba elingenakulinganiswa. Kodwa ngoqoqosho olunamandla njengoko iUnited States kwakungekho yengozi. Enyanisweni, abatyali-mali babenelisekile ngakumbi ukugcina ityala le-US, ukugcina amazinga enzala kwiminyaka engama-200 .
ICongress yenze i- crisis crisis . Mhlawumbi a kazange aqonde uqoqosho. Ngo-2012, i-US yayingekho kwisigaba sokwandiswa komjikelo . Kwakungekho ixesha lokuxhalabisa ngetyala likazwelonke. Kunoko, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunyusa irhafu NOKUBA ukuchitha imali kufikelela ekupheleni kwesigaba sokwandisa, ukukhusela ibhola. Ukuba iiRephabhliki zilinde unyaka, kwaye uvumele uqoqosho lubuye lubuyele ngokupheleleyo, bebengaba ngamaqhawe.
Ngomhla we-2012 wonakaliswa phantsi, kwakubonakala kubonakala ngathi isisombululo asifumaneki. Nangona ukuba irhafu yenyuka kunye nokuchithwa kwemali yenziwe, kwakukho ixesha lokuba amagosa atsandulweyo ukuba athethe isisombululo ngoJanuwari. Iyakwazi ukubuyela emva kweJanuwari 1, ukuphepha ukuthintela i-$ 600 yezigidigidi kwi-GDP.
Indlela i-Cliff Cliff echaphazela ngayo uqoqosho
Ukunyuka kweerhafu kunye nokuchithwa kwemali kuya kususa i-$ 607 yezigidigidi ukusuka kwezoqoqosho kwiinyanga ezisi-9 zokuqala zika-2013 (intsalela yoNyaka-mali ka-2013), ngokwe- Ofisi ye-Budget ye-Congressional . Nangona lixesha elide lokunciphisa ukusilela, kwithuba elifutshane liya kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kungenxa yokuba iindleko zikaRhulumente ziyinxalenye yomkhiqizo wekhaya . Ngokukhawuleza ukuyinquma ngeepesenti ezili-10 okanye oko kuya kuthetha ukuba iikontraki zaphulwa kunye namashishini, imisebenzi embalwa karhulumente kunye nokunciphisa inzuzo.
Ukunyuswa kweerhafu kuya kunciphisa imali yokusebenzisa umthengi ngale mali. Isiphumo somnatha, ngokwe-CBO, bekuza kubakho ukuchithwa kweepesenti ye-1.3 kwi-economic for the half half of the year. Ngamanye amagama, ukunyuka kwemali. Nangona uqoqosho lwaluya kubuya kwisiqingatha sesibini, ukukhula bekuya kuba yi-anemic. Kwakungekho iipesenti ezi-2, umgangatho ophantsi woqoqosho olusempilweni. Ngethamsanqa, iqhosha laphetshwa. Ngokwemigqaliselo yohhwebo oluye lwaxutywa, jonga u- Cliff Cliff 2013 .