Ngaba Ba sebenza?
Amademokhrasi achaza i- American dream njengelungelo lemfundo, umsebenzi omhle, izindlu ezifanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekela ngempilo.
UMongameli uRoosevelt uqale wachaza iBhili yoLungelo loLuntu kwi-address ye-Union ye-Union ye-1944. UMongameli weTrans's Fair Deal ucebisa umthetho othile ukuxhasa lo mbono owandisiweyo wePhupha. Ngo-2010, iiDemokhrasi zandise iLoto ukuba zibandakanye unyango lwempilo kunye noMthetho woNonophelo ongenakunciphisa .
LeMfundo
Iidemokhrasi zikholelwa ukuba ngamnye umntwana kufuneka abe nethuba lemfundo ephezulu. Leyo ndlela yokukhula koqoqosho komntu ngamnye kunye nelizwe. Xa uMongameli uRoosevelt wasayina iBill Bill ye-GI, waqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uza kuhlawula imfundo kubo bonke abadala. Ingxelo yeKhomishoni yeTuruman iphakanyiswe inkxaso-mali ye-federal yemfundo ephakamileyo. Oko kwabeka isiseko kwinkqubo yekholeji yoluntu. UMongameli uJohnson watyikitya uMthetho we-Elementary and Secondary Education ukubonelela ngemali ye-federal kwizikolo ezinomvuzo ophantsi. Isibonelelo esingaziwa kakhulu soMthetho wezoNonophelo ongenakunqunyulwa sichitha uSollie Mae, okwenza iimali-mboleko zabafundi zifikeleleke.
(Umthombo: "Imfundo," iDemocrats.org.)
Ukhathalelo lwempilo
Iidemokhrasi zikholelwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka enze ukhathalelo lwempilo lufikeleleke. UMongameli uClinton wasekela uMthetho woKhuseleko lwezeMpilo ka-1993. "I- Hillarycare " yinkqubo yokukhuphisana. Urhulumente wephondo uza kulawula iibhilikhwe kunye neepresimesi ze-inshorensi.
Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zempilo ziya kukhuphisana ngaphakathi kwesi sikhokelo. UMongameli wokuqala uHillary Clinton wehlulekile ukuphumelela yiCongress.
Kodwa amaClintons aphumelele amanye amanyathelo amanyathelo okuphucula impilo . Umthetho we-Health Insurance and Accountability Act ka-1996 wawunye. Ivumela abasebenzi ukuba bagcine iplani ye-inshurensi yezempilo yenkxaso-nkxaso yeenkampani kwiinyanga ezili-18 emva kokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo. Iprogram yomshuwalense wezeMpilo yabantwana yayinguye. Inika i-inshurensi yempilo encedisayo kubantwana kwiintsapho ezifumana imali eninzi ukuze zikwazi ukufumana iMedicaid.
UMongameli ka-Obama ka- 2010 uMkhuseli weMonde kunye noMthetho wokuNakekelwa onyanzelisayo unomnqweno wokunciphisa iindleko zempilo yononophelo. Kudinga ukuba wonke umntu abe ne-inshurensi okanye ahlawule isigwebo. Oku kunika iinkampani ze-inshorensi zemali ngenzuzo yokubambisa abo baneemeko zangaphambili. Ukunyamekela ukukhusela kunciphisa iindwendwe ezinkulu zeendwendwe.
Imirhumo
Iidemokhrasi zikholelwa kwiirhafu eziqhubekayo . Oku kuthetha iirhafu eziphezulu kwiityalo-mali, amabhishini amakhulu kunye neentsapho ezifumana umvuzo ophezulu. Zikhetha iirhafu eziphezulu kwiintengo ezinkulu kunye negalelo zokulinganisela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Yingakho bahlala kuthiwa "irhafu kunye nokuchitha" ngamaRiphabhliki .
UMongameli uClinton wakhulisa irhafu kuMthetho we- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ka-1993.
Yayiphakamisa intlawulo yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso ukusuka kuma-28 ukuya kuma-36 ekhulwini. Yandisa irhafu yengeniso yenkampani evela kwi-34% ukuya kuma-36 ekhulwini. Ihlawulisa iintlawulo zeNtlalo-ntle kubantu abafumana umvuzo ophezulu kwaye ziphakamisa irhafu yerhasi yi-$ .043 nganye ngegaloni. Ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwemali, kwakha inkokhelo yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso phantsi kweedola ezingama-30,000.
I-Obamacare ikhulise irhafu kwiimali eziphezulu kunye notyalo-mali. U-Obama usayine i-$ 858 yezigidi zeerhafu ezinqunywe ngetyala eziye zandisa i- Bush tax cuts kunye neenzuzo zokungabikho kwemisebenzi ngo-2011. Kwakhona kwakubandakanya iiligidi ezingama-55 ezigidi kwiirhafu ezithile zerhafu. Kodwa yavuselela irhafu yelifa eliye laphela unyaka.
Miselo
Iidemokhrasi zikhuthaza imimiselo yokukhusela abathengi. Kungenxa yoko baqondwa njengobungcali boshishino abangaphantsi kwamaRiphabhulikhi.
UMongameli uWilson waphakamisa umthetho weClayton Anti-Trust Act.
I-FDR isayine i- Glass-Steagall Act ka-1933 . Ukuthintela ibhanki ekusebenziseni imali yokubeka imali kwiimalike zeemasheya kunye neminye imisebenzi ebungozi.
Amademokhrasi adlulisela uMthetho we- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act ngo-2010. Ulawula iimarike zezimali kwaye ukhusela abathengi. Izixhobo ezisibhozo zenza kube nzima ukuba iingxaki zemali zango - 2008 ziphinde zibuye. Ngoku uMongameli uTrump uzama ukukhulula imimiselo yayo.
LweNtlalontle
Iidemokhrasi zichitha ngaphezulu kwiinkqubo zentlalo nentlalontle . I-FDR yenze iNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye noLawulo. Oku kunikeze ingeniso kubantu abadala, abayimfama, abakhubazekileyo kunye nabantwana kwimindeni efumana imali engaphantsi. I-LBJ yadala i-Medicare, iMedicaid kunye neenkqubo zokuvuselela iidolophu. Wakhuthaza amalungelo oluntu kunye neMfazwe kwiNtlupheko. I-GreatBusiness Society yeLBJ yenze iNdimba kaZwelonke yoBugcisa, iiNkonzo zoSasazo zoLuntu kunye nemfundo yabaqhubi. Kwakhona kwavelisa iinkqubo ezintsha zokujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolondolozo.
Iidemokhrasi nazo zichitha kwiziseko zoluntu. Ngethuba lokuPhukisa kweNtlupheko , i-FDR yaxhasana nabantu baseMelika ukuba baxhase iindleko ezinkulu zikaRhulumente . Kwiintsuku zakhe zokuqala eziyi-100 eofisini, wandise ityala nge $ 4 billion ukudala ii-arhente ezintsha kunye nemithetho. Inxalenye enkulu yayiyi-Administration Progress Administration. Yasebenzisa abantu abayizigidi eziyi-8,5 ukwakha amabhuloho, iindlela, izakhiwo zikawonkewonke, amapaki kunye namaziko eenqwelo-moya. Yayihlawula abaculi ukuba benze iingubo ezi-2,566 kunye neziqwenga ezingu-17,744 zokuhlobisa imisebenzi kawonkewonke. Ulawulo lweeNkonzo zoLuntu lwakhiwe i-Golden Gate Bridge ne-New York City yaseTriborough Bridge. Ulawulo lweMisebenzi yoLuntu ludale imisebenzi emisebenzi yokwakha yezigidi ezine. UMthetho waseTennessee Valley Authority wakha izitishi zamandla kwiindawo ezihluphekayo kwilizwe.
Ukulondolozwa kwe-Democrats yolondolozo kunye nemigudu yokuyeka ukufudumala kwehlabathi . I-FDR yenze i-Conservation Conservation ye-Civili ukutyala amahlathi, ukwakha izithintelo zezikhukula nokugcina iindlela. Ukugcinwa Kwemhlaba kunye noMthetho woLuntu waseMakhaya ukulwa neDust Bowl . Yayihlawulela abalimi ukutshala izityalo zomhlaba.
Iidemokhrasi zikhuthaza ukulingana. U-Truman wasekela uhlengahlengiso lwe-19 olunika abesifazane ithuba lokuvota. Wayexhasa i-Fair Deal eyakhuphula umvuzo omncinci kwaye wawunqatshelwe ukuqeshwa.
Khu seleko ka Zwelonke
AmaRiphabhlikhi ayamangalela amaDemokhrasi athobileyo ekukhuseleni. Oku kungenzeka kukuba abalawuli abathathu beDemokhrasi bafumana iRobel Peace Prizes. Kungenjalo, loo mbono ayixhaswanga yi nyaniso. UMongameli Wilson wangena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I waza wathola umvuzo weNobel woKhuseleko wokuThengisa iSivumelwano saseVersailles. UMongameli uRoosevelt waqala ukuxhoma kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II nangaphambi kwePearl Harbor.
UMongameli uTruman wagqiba iMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngokulahla amabhomu enyukliya ezimbini eJapan. Imfundiso kaTruman yafunga iUnited States ukunceda nayiphi na idemokhrasi ehlaselwa yimikhosi yolawulo. Imfundiso yashintsha umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US wangaphandle ukusuka kwi-isolationist ukuya kumapolisa wehlabathi. UTruman uthatha indima ebonakalayo kwimfazwe yaseKorea .
UMongameli uKennedy uxhasa i-Bay of Pigs. Wavimba eCuba ukuba aphelise iCrisis Missile Crisis. Wayexhasa inkxaso yokulwa emkhosini eVietnam. UMongameli uJohnson wandisa iMfazwe yaseVietnam. Watshitshiswa phakathi kweqela lakhe ngu-Eugene McCarthy. Ngaloo nto iqala "inqabileyo yokukhusela".
UMongameli uJimmy Carter wathola umvuzo weNobel woMsebenzi emsebenzini wakhe kwi-Camp David Accord ka-1978. Wathethana no-SALT II umnqophiso we-nyukliya kunye ne-USSR Wabonwa njengobuthakathaka ekukhuseleni kuba wathatha ixesha elide ukuxazulula inkathazo ye-Iran.
UMongameli Obama wathola umvuzo weNobel woKhuseleko kwimigudu yakhe yokuphelisa iMfazwe yase - Iraq. Ngexesha elifanayo, imali yakhe yokuchitha impi yayingama-dollar ayi-700 ukuya kwiibhiliyoni eziyi-800 ngonyaka. Oku kungaphezulu kukaMongameli waseRephabliki uGeorge W. Bush, othe wachitha phakathi kweedola ezigidi ezingama-400 ukuya kwii-650 ezigidigidi zeebhiliyoni.
Amatyala
Iidemokhrasi zenza umonakalo wokuchitha imali ngokunyuka kweerhafu. UMongameli uBabri wanikela ngemali eyi-7.9 trillion kwisikwere sikazwelonke , isixa esikhulu se dollar. Akakwazanga ukuphakamisa irhafu ngenxa yokuLungulwa kweNkundla . I-FDR yandise ityala ngama-1,048 yeepesenti, i-pesenti-yesilumko. Kwakudingeka alwe nokuPhukisa kweNtloko kunye neMfazwe yehlabathi II. Wazisa inkolelo yezoqoqosho zeChinnesian , ethi urhulumente kufuneka asebenzise indlela yakhe yokuphuma kwemali. UMongameli uWilson wayengowesibini-nxaxheba enkulu kunazo zonke kwi-debt-percent-wise. Ubutyebi bakhe obukhulu bubangelwa yiMfazwe Yehlabathi I.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMongameli Clinton wasayina uMthetho we- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ka-1993. Wayengenakho ukufuduka okanye iimfazwe ngexesha lakhe loongameli.
Urhwebo
Iidemokhrasi zifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zorhwebo zikhusela abasebenzi baseMerika. Ngokuqhelekileyo baxhasa urhwebo olufanelekileyo ngaphezu kokukhuselwa . Kodwa ukugqithiswa kwezinto kuye kwabangela ukuba batshintshe kwizivumelwano ezininzi zorhwebo kwiminyaka yamuva.
UMongameli uWilson wasayina uMthetho we-Underwood-Simmons Act ngo-1913. Yanciphisa intlawulo kwimpahla eyenziweyo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngo-1993, uMongameli Clinton wasayina i- NAFTA ibe ngumthetho. Isivumelwano esikhulu sezorhwebo sehlabathi. U-Obama wasayina izivumelwano ezine ezibini ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe: eColombia, Korea, ePanama nasePeru.
Ngaba isebenza?
Imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho zikaBill Clinton yakhuthaza iminyaka elishumi yokuchuma. Wadala imisebenzi engaphezulu kunoma yimuphi umongameli . Ubunini bekhaya buyi-67.7 yeepesenti, izinga eliphezulu lirekhodiweyo. Intlupheko yehla ngephantsi kwe-11,8 ekhulwini.
Imigaqo kaMongameli uRoosevelt yaphelisa ukuCaluleka okukhulu ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokudala imisebenzi. Wadala ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalontle, umvuzo omncinci waseMelika kunye nemithetho yomsebenzi wabantwana. I- Insurance Deposit Insurance Corporation inqanda ibhanki isebenze ngokuqinisekisa iifomiti.
Imigaqo kaMongameli Obama yaphelisa uMhla wokuKhululeka koMkhulu kunye noMthetho woThutho loQoqosho . Yayichitha ii-$ 224 zeebhiliyoni kwiinzuzo ezingaphangeliyo zengqesho , imfundo kunye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Yakha imisebenzi ngokubelwa i-$ 275 yezigidi kwiikontrakthi zeseburhulumenteni, izibonelelo kunye nemiboleko. Igawula iirhafu ngeeRandi ezingama-288 zeebhiliyoni. I-Obamacare yanciphisa ukukhula kweendleko zempilo .