Iindleko eziqhubekayo zeMfazwe yase-Iraq
Imfazwe yongezelela ngaphezu kwe-$ 1 trillion kwiTyala le- US .
Oku kuquka ukunyuka kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko (iDoD) kunye ne-Weterans Administration (VA). Isabelo-mali seDoD sakhula ngeeRandi ezili-193 ezigidigidi ngexesha leMfazwe yase-Iraq. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-VA lwandiswe ngama-47.7 billion. Ezinye zezo zonyuka zibangelwa yiMfazwe e-Afghanistan .
Kwakhona iquka i-$ 819.7 yezigidi kwii-Operations Contingency Operations (OCO) zemali ezijoliswe ngqo kwi-Iraq War. Oku kungaphezulu kwee-738 zeebhiliyoni zeeRandi kwiingxowa-mali ezichitshiweyo-mali ezichithwe kwiVietnam yaseVietnam. Yesibili kuphela kwi $ 4.1 trillion kwiidola ezichithwe ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezichithe ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngezinye iinkcukacha malunga nendlela yokujonga iindleko zokukhusela, jonga uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwase- US .
Ixesha le-Iraq IiNkcitho zeMfazwe
Nanku umhlathi wento eyenzeka ngonyaka. Iindleko zithathwe kwiNgxelo yeeNgxelo zeeNgxelo zeeNgxelo zeeNgqungquthela zeeNgqungquthela kunye neeNgxelo zikaRhulumente zikaRhulumente. Itafile ezishwankathela ezi ndleko zingezantsi.
FY 2003 - i-$ 90.3 yezigidigidi: Ngomhla ka-19 Matshi, iUnited States yahlasela i-Iraq "inokutshatyalaza kunye neyoyika." Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kunye nokuhlasela komhlaba kwasusa umbuso wakwa-Hussein ngenyanga ezayo.
I-FY 2004 - i-$ 90.9 yezigidigidi: Ngo-Apreli, i-US yayingqonge iSixeko saseSunni. Ngaloo nyanga, iifoto zentlanzi kwintolongo yase-Abu Ghraib yaqhubela phambili abantu abavukeli.
NgoJuni, i-US yamisela inkokeli ye-Shiite i-Iyad Allawi njengoNkulumbuso. Nangona kunjalo, i-Shia radicals yajika i-United States eNajaf emva kweenyanga ezimbini. NgoNovemba, imikhosi yase-United States yaqalisa ukukhusekisa ngokumelene nabavukeli bakaSunni e-Falluja. Ukufumana okungakumbi kwiipolitiki zangaphakathi, khangela iSunni-Shia Split .
FY 2005 - i-$ 105.8 yezigidigidi: Ngo-Ephreli, i-Iraq yabiza i-Kurda inkokheli uJalal Talabani njengomongameli kunye noShiite Ibrahim Jaafari njengoNdunankulu. NgoMeyi, abavukeli bakaSunni babulala abantu abangama-672 kwimibhobho yemoto, kabini i-364 yabulawa ngo-Ephreli. Ngo-Oktobha, abavoti bavumile umgaqo-siseko omtsha. Injongo yokudala idemokhrasi yombuso wamaSulumane. NgoDisemba, banyula iPalamente entsha.
FY 2006 - i-$ 108.3 yezigidigidi: I-United States isabele ekunyuseni ubudlova phakathi kwamaShiites, iSunn, neeKurds ezabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-34,000. NgoFebhuwari, uSunis wabetha ibhokisi elikhulu leShia eSamarra. Ngo-Ephreli, uMongameli uTalabani, owayesanda kukhethwa ngokutsha, wabuza uShia umviwa uNouri al-Maliki ukuba enze urhulumente omtsha. Umkhokheli wase-al-Qaida, u-Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, wabulawa e-Iraq. NgoNovemba, i-Iraq neSiriya babuyisela ubudlelwane bezopolitiko emva kweminyaka engama-25. KwiShia yeSadr City eBaghdad, abangaphezu kwama-200 bafa ngemibhobho yemoto.
NgoDisemba, uSaddam Hussein wafa ngokuthula.
I-FY 2007 - i-$ 155.9 yezigidigidi: UBush wamemezela ukunyuka kwamawaka angama-20 000 aseMelika ukunceda amandla okutshintshwa kwabaholi be-Iraq. Ngomhla kaFebhuwari, kwabulawa amaqela angaphezu kwe-130 ngamabhomu kwi-market ye-Sadriya yaseBaghdad. Ngo-Matshi, amanye amakhulu abulawa xa iSunn iqhuma amathathu amathathu egcwele i-klorine yegesi e-Falluja naseRamadi. Ngo-Ephreli, abantu abangama-200 bafa kwiibhomu eBaghdad. Ngo-Agasti, abantu abangama-250 babulawa yiloli kunye neebhasi zeemoto ezimbini kwiidolophana ezimbini zaseKurdish. I-Shia kunye nabaholi beKurdish baqulunqa ukusebenzisana noNkulumbuso uMaliki. Abasebenzi base-US-kontraki baxhamli bamnyama babulala abantu abangama-17 eBaghdad. NgoDisemba, iBrithani inikezela ukhuseleko lwephondo laseBasra kwiimpi zase-Iraq.
I-FY 2008-$ 196.8 yezigidigidi: NgoJanuwari, iPalamente yase-Iraq yavumela ukuba amagosa aseShaddam Hussein aseBaath abuyele ebomini.
Ngaphakathi NgoMatshi, uMongameli wase-Iranian Mahmoud Ahmadinejad watyelela. Amakhulu abulawa xa uMphathiswa uMaliki ehlasele uMeqtada Sadr weMehdi Army eBasra. NgoSeptemba, iUnited States yanikezela iphondo laseSunni lika-Anbar ukuya kurhulumente oholwa nguShia. UBush wasayina isivumelwano seMeko yoMkhosi esithembisa ukususa onke amabutho ase-US ase-Iraq ngo-2011. (Umthombo: "Ngaba u-Obama wayemka e-Iraq ngokukhawuleza?" I-NPR, Disemba 19, 2015.)
I-FY 2009 - i-$ 132.9 yezigidigidi : NgoJanuwari, i-Iraq ithathe ulawulo lokhuseleko kwi-Green Zone yeBaghdad. NgoJuni, imikhosi yase-US yabuya kuzo zonke iidolophini nezixeko, ihambisa imisebenzi yezokhuseleko e-Iraq. NgoJulayi, uMasoud Barzani (KDP) wonyulwa kwakhona njengoMongameli. Ngaphakathi NgoDisemba, iqela likaRhulumente wama-Islam lixanduva lokuzibulala ibhomu eBaghdad ezibulala abantu abangama-367 ngaloo nyaka. Intshutshiso yavutha ne-Irani xa amajoni ayo ahlala ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba leoliyile kwilizwe lase-Iraq. NgoNovemba, uMongameli Obama wavuma ukukhupha amabutho ngo-2011.
I-FY 2010 - i-$ 83.4 yezigidi: Amagosa ayishiye, ashiye ama-50,000 ukuba acebise amabutho ase-Iraq aze akhusele izithakazelo ze-US kude kube ngo-2011.
I-FY 2011 - i-$ 50.9 yezigidigidi: Wonke amasosha ase-US ashiya i-Iraq ekupheleni kukaDisemba. Urhulumente waseShia wagxotha i-Sunni encinane. Umkhosi wase-Iraq waba buthathaka. Bobabini bavusela ukunyuka kwamaqela e-Islamic State.
Ngo-2012-2014 - i-$ 7.8 yezigidigidi: Ama-kontraki ase-United States axhasayo ahlala e-Iraq ukukhusela iimfuno ze-US.
2015-2016 - i-$ 38.7 yezigidigidi: Amagosa abuyela e-Iraq ukuqeqesha amajoni asekuhlaleni ukuba anqobe iqela lama-Islamic State. (Umthombo: " Iindleko ze-Iraq, i-Afghanistan kunye neminye iMfazwe yehlabathi kwi-Terror Operations Ukususela ngo-9/11 ," Itheyibhile A1. "U-Amy Belasco, iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, ngoMatshi 29, 2014." I-Iraq ProfileTimeline, "i-BBC.)
Iindleko zeMfazwe zase-Iraq Inkcazo yefomati (kwiibhiliyoni)
| FY | Ukwandiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali | I-OCO ye-Iraq yeMfazwe | VA Ukunyuka kweBhajethi | Iyonke | Iibhothi eziphantsi komhlaba | Amazwana |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | $ 36.7 | $ 51.0 | $ 2.6 | $ 90.3 | 123,700 | Ukutshitshiswa nokukrakra |
| 2004 | $ 11.6 | $ 76.7 | $ 2.6 | $ 90.9 | 142,600 | Utywala |
| 2005 | $ 23.6 | $ 79.1 | $ 3.1 | $ 105.8 | 157 982 | |
| 2006 | $ 10.5 | $ 96.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 108.3 | 133,718 | Troop ukunyuka. |
| 2007 | $ 20.9 | $ 130.8 | $ 4.2 | $ 155.9 | 161,783 | Ukuphakama kwamanzi. |
| 2008 | $ 47.5 | $ 143.9 | $ 5.4 | $ 196.8 | 148,500 | Ukugqithisa kuphelile. |
| 2009 | $ 34.2 | $ 93.1 | $ 5.6 | $ 132.9 | 114,300 | Amagosa ashiya imizi. |
| 2010 | $ 14.7 | $ 64.8 | $ 3.9 | $ 83.4 | 47,305 | Utywala. |
| 2011 | $ 0.3 | $ 46.5 | $ 3.3 | $ 50.9 | 11,455 | Amagosa ngaphandle. Iintlontrakthi zihlala zigcina iimfuno ze-US. |
| 2012 | $ 2.2 | $ 20.3 | $ 2.3 | $ 24.8 | 0 | |
| 2013 | - $ 34.9 | $ 7.7 | $ 2.6 | - $ 24.6 | 0 | |
| 2014 | $ 0.8 | $ 4.8 | $ 2.0 | $ 7.6 | 0 | |
| 2015 | - $ 0.2 | $ 5.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 6.6 | Ukufika ku-3,100 | Amagosa abuya aqeqesha iIraq ukulwa neqela likaRhulumente wama-Islamic |
| 2016 | $ 25.6 | n / A | $ 6.5 | $ 32.1 | Kuze kube ngu-4,087 | |
| YONKE | $ 193.5 | $ 819.7 | $ 47.7 | $ 1,060.9 |
* Iibhothi eziphantsi komhlaba inani leempi e-Iraq. Ukususela ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2013 kungokukaDisemba waloo nyaka. 2014 ukususela ngoMeyi. Ukusuka "Iindleko ze-Iraq, i-Afghanistan kunye neminye iMfazwe yehlabathi jikelele kwi-Operation Terror Since 9/11," Itafile A-1. U-Amy Belasco, iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, ngoMatshi 29, 2014. 2015 ngowesine kwikota yesine, kwaye i-2016 ivela kwikota yesibini. Ukusuka kwiSebe leKontrakta yezoKhuseleko kunye neeNqanaba zeTroop e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan: 2007-2016 , "Itheyibhile 3. UHeidi M. Peters, iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, ngo-Agasti 15, 2016. I-OMB, iTables Historical)
Iindleko zeMfazwe yase-Iraq ukuya kumaVeteran
Iindleko zangempela zeMfazwe yaseIraq zingaphezu kweeyure eziyi-1.06 zeetriliyoni zongezwa kwityala. Okokuqala, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, yindleko eqhutywa yi-4,488 yama-US asele afile, a-32,226 abalimala, kunye neentsapho zabo.
Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-90 amajoni awonzakele e-Iraq asinda ngenxa yokubuyisa kwiinkampu zemfazwe. Oku kunyuka kuma-86.5 ekhulwini kwalimala ababesinda kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam. Isantya esiphezulu sokusinda sithetha ezininzi ngoku kufuneka ziphile nomonakalo obunzima kwaye bunzima. Amashumi amabini eepesenti athatyathwa kwi-Traumatic Brain Injury. Ezinye iipesenti ezingama-20 zine-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder okanye ukuxinezeleka. Ukongezelela, i-796 yahlutha isigxina esikhulu, ngelixa i-235 yabulawa ngamanxeba ayenziwayo ngenkathi ekhonza e-Iraq.
Ngokomyinge, ama-veterans angama-20 ayazibulala nganye ngosuku ngokufunda ngo-2016 VA. I-Iraq ne-Afghan Veterans of America (IAVA) yabona ukuba ama-47 ekhulwini lamalungu ayo azi umntu ozama ukuzibulala emva kokubuya emsebenzini. Iqela lijonga ukuzibulala kwabadala ukuba yinkalo yayo enye. (Umthombo: " Isikhokelo se-US Military Casualty Statistics: Usebenziso olutsha lweDawn, i-Operation Iraqi Freedom, kunye no-Operation Enduring Freedom ," i-Congressional Research Service, uHana Fischer, ngoFebruwari 19, 2014. , NgoMatshi 24, 2014.)
Iindleko zezilwanyana zonyango kunye nokukhubazeka kwiminyaka engama-40 ezayo zingaphezu kwama-1 trillion. Okokutsho ngoLinda Bilmes, umfundisi ophezulu kwimali kaRhulumente kwi-Harvard yaseKennedy School of Government. "Iindleko zokunyamekela iimfazwe zemfazwe zikhula iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-40 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuxabana," kusho uBilmes. (Umthombo: " Iindleko zeMfazwe ," iWatson Institute kwiByunivesithi yaseBrown, ngoSeptemba 2016. "IMfazwe yaseIraq iphila ngeSibini-ixabiso leNkqantosi yaseMelika, i-BusinessWeek, ngoJanuwari 3, 2012." Amagosa okugqibela ase-US ashiye i-Iraq, "iBloomberg , Matshi 19, 2013).
Iindleko zoQoqosho
Iintsapho ezininzi zaseMerika azizange zive iindleko zeMfazwe yase-Iraq ngelo xesha. Okokuqala, kwakungekho luqulunqo njengoko kwakukho kwimfazwe yaseVietnam okanye kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Okwesibini, bekungekho irhafu eyongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, abo bakhonzayo kunye neentsapho zabo babethelela. Baya kuhlawula okungenani i-$ 300 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo ukuhlawula amalungu abo entsapho abalimele. Oko akubandakanyi umvuzo olahlekileyo kwimisebenzi abayekile ukunyamekela isihlobo sabo.
Izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kuhlawula ukudibanisa netyala. Umphandi uRyan Edwards uqikelele ukuba i-United States inomdla owongezelelweyo wama-453bhiliyoni enomdla kwiityala zokuhlawula iimfazwe eMbindi-mpuma. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ezayo, ezi ndleko ziya kwandisa i-$ 7.9 trillion kwi-matyala. (Umthombo: "Iindleko zeMfazwe," iWatson Institute, ngoSeptemba 2016.)
Iinkampani, ngokukodwa amashishini amancinci, aphazamiseka yi-National Guard kunye ne-Reserve call-up. Uqoqosho luye lwaphulwa umrhumo ovelisayo weenkonzo ezithe zabulawa, ezixhatshaziweyo, okanye eziphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Kukho neendleko zamathuba ngokwemisebenzi yokudala imisebenzi . Zonke iibhiliyoni eziyi-1 zeebhiliyoni ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela zidala imisebenzi engama-8,555 kwaye zongeza i-$ 565 yezigidi kwizoqoqosho. Leyo bhiliyoni eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni kwiingcucuko zerhafu ivuselela imfuneko eyaneleyo yokudala imisebenzi eyi-10,779. Oko kubeka i $ 505 yezigidi kwizoqoqosho njengentengiso yokuthengisa . Imali eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni eyi-1 eyichithwa kwimfundo yongeza i-$ 1.3 billion kwizoqoqosho kwaye idala imisebenzi eyi-17,687.
Izizathu
Ulawulo lwe- Bush lwalufuna ukuphelisa usongelo lwentshaba-mholi we-Iraq, uSaddam Hussein. Wayengabambisene ne-al-Qaida. Kodwa wayengumSulumane ongumSunni owasebenzisa ubudlova ekwandiseni amandla akhe.
USaddam Hussein wayengumholi we-Sunni wase-Iraq ukususela ngo-1979 kwaze kwaba sekuhlaselwa kwe-US ngo-2003. I-United States ifake inkokeli evela kwininzi yamaShiite. I-Sunn ikholelwa ukuba amaShiites (ininzi e-Iran) bafuna ukuvuselela umbuso wasePersi ngaphaya kweMiddle East. Ukwahlukana kweSunni-Shia yiyona nto ibangela ukunyanzeliswa kwendawo. I-Sunni Saudi Arabia neShiite i-Iran imfazwe yokulawula i-Straits of Hormu apho iipesenti ezingama-20 zeoli iphela.
I-United States yayifuna ukufaka urhulumente wase-US ukuzinzisa ummandla. Kwakucingelwa ukuba kwakuya kunqumla ukungafani phakathi kwamaShiyan ase-Iranian kunye neSaudi Arabia Sunnis. Kwakhona kuza kufaka uxinzelelo kwimibuso ye-Middle East ukuvumela intando yesininzi. Emva koko beyeke ukuthungela i-shielding al-Qaida kunye namanye amaqela amaphekula ase-US.
Ulawulo lweengcamango u-Hussein wayengumngcipheko omkhulu kunomlawuli waseNorth Korea, uKim Jong-il. Unako ukuxhasa imali yakhe ngongqobelelo ngeoli. Amaqhinga awazange athole uphahla lweekhemikhali, i-nyukliya, okanye izixhobo eziphilayo zokutshabalalisa. Kodwa kukho inkxalabo enkulu ukuba uHussein wayakha eso sikhundla. Wayesebenzisa izixhobo zamakhemikhali kuma-Kurds e-Iraq.
Bobabini amaqela eCongress, kunye nabantu abangama-70 baseMelika, babesekela imfazwe. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba sifanele siwususe u-Hussein kwiMfazwe yokuqala yaseGulf, emva kokuhlasela kwakhe e-Kuwait. Ezi nkxalabo zanda emva kwe-9/11. Ukongezelela, iMfazwe yase-Afghanistan ichithe iTaliban ngokukhawuleza. Abaxhasayo bacinga ukuba iMfazwe yase-Iraq izakuphumelela ngokulula. (Umthombo: "Kutheni Sasihlasela I-Iraq?" Ukuhlaziywa Kazwelonke, Matshi 26, 2013.)
Iraq emva kweMfazwe
Imfazwe yase-Iraq ayikho ngaphezu nangona ama-US asele. Ukulwa phakathi kwabaninzi belizwe lamaShiite kunye no-Sunni uyingcosana iyaqhubeka. I-Sunn ichithwe nguRhulumente oholwa nguShiite. Ezi zinto ziphazamisayo ziqhuba iingxabano eSiriya naseLebhanon.
Enyanisweni, ngowama-2013 kwabafileyo kakhulu ukususela ngo-2008, ukuphakama kwemfazwe. Imfazwe yabuthathaka i-al-Qaida e-Iraq, e-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Kodwa ukukhungatheka kwabangela ingongoma entsha. Iqela lama-Islamic State lathembisa ilizwe elitsha ngeSunni kuloo mmandla. Iindleko zokulwa neqela lama-Islamic State e-Iraq liye lasa eSiriya, eJordan naseLebhanon. Iqela lama-Islamic State lithatha imfazwe yalo eBrussels, eParis, eCalifornia, eBerlin, nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi. (Umthombo: "Yintoni eqhubekayo e-Iraq," i-CNN, ngoJanuwari 6, 2014. "Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ISIS yakutsha," i-New York Times, ngoJanuwari 14, 2016.)