Ngubani Othe Wenza Oku ngakumbi kwiMfazwe? Bush, Obama, okanye iTump?
UMongameli uBush wamemezela iMfazwe ngoBugcisa ngoSeptemba 20, 2001, kwintetho kwiCongress. Wathi, "Imfazwe yethu yintlanzi iqala kunye ne-al-Qaida," kodwa ayipheli apho.
Akuyi kugqitywa kwaze kwafunyaniswa zonke iigqeba zeentshaba zehlabathi jikelele, zime, zatshatyalaliswe. "
Ukuchitha imali kwiMfazwe kwiNkqantosi kubandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili. Okokuqala, uchitha imali yokuSebenza kweeNtsholongwane. I-Congress iyayifumana le mali yexakeka, kwaye ayikho phantsi kwemiqathango yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali njengokwenziwa kocwangco .
Okwesibini kukunyuka okubalulekileyo kwibhajethi yesiseko kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko . Okwesithathu yizongezelelo kwiSebe lezoLwabiwo-mali lwabaTshali ukuze baphathe amajoni amanxeba.
Ukuchitha imali kuphakanyiswa kunye nenani leebhoti ehlabathini kule mibini imfazwe. Kwakhona iifom ye-domestic force esekela imisebenzi yangaphandle. Ivelisa iteknoloji entsha, efana ne-F-35 jetter fighter and drones.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezempi lwase-US lubandakanya i-DoD ne-VA isabelo -mali kunye ne-OCO. Kwakhona kubandakanya amasebe ancedisayo, njengoKhuselo lwaseKhaya, kwiSebe leSizwe kunye noLawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNyukliya.
Imfazwe ngexesha loLwesantya kunye neendleko
Nayi iMfazwe kwiindleko zokuphazamiseka ngeminyaka-mali. Ukukhusela kunye neMfazwe ngoBugcino i-OCO iindleko zivela kwi-"Budget National Budget Estimates for FY 2017," Itheyibhile 2-1, Matshi 2016, ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela. Iindleko ze-VA zivela kwibhajethi nganye yonyaka evela kwi-Ofisi yoLawulo kunye neBhajethi.
I-FY 2001 - i-$ 31 yezigidigidi: I- Congress yabiza i-$ 22.9 yezigidigidi kwiimali ezixakeka kwiMfazwe e-Afghanistan. I-United States ihlasele i-Taliban ukufihla inkokeli ye-al-Qaida, u-Osama bin Laden. Amandla aseTaliban alahlekelwe amandla ngoDisemba 2001. UHamid Karzai waba yintloko yentloko yolawulo. Ngaloo nyanga, amabutho asemhlabeni aphishekela i-bin Laden emagqabini ase-Afghan. Wabalekela ePakistan ngoDisemba 16, 2001.
E-FY 2002 - i-$ 59.1 yezigidigidi: U Bush washintshela ingqalelo kwiBin Laden ukuze athole imvume ye-Iraq. Wayefumene ubulumko ngo-Oktobha 2002 ukuba inkokeli yakhe, uSaddam Hussein, yayakha izixhobo zokubhubhisa. Ukufumana ezinye iinkalo kwi-Iraq indima kuloo mmandla, khangela iSunni-Shiite Split . NgoNovemba, iCongress yadlulisa uMthetho woKhuseleko lwaseKhaya. Yakha i-stand-alone, isebe-level yekhabhinethi ukudibanisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Idibanisa ii-arhente ezingama-22 eziphatha ukhuseleko lwasekhaya.
I-FY 2003 - i-111.9 billion yezigidigidi: Ukhuseleko lwasekhaya luvule ngokusemthethweni iingcango zalo ngoMatshi. I-United States iqalise iMfazwe yase-Iraq ngo-Matshi 19 kunye nesicwangciso somkhosi "esothusayo kunye neloyiko." Uhulumeni waseHussein wawa ngo-Ephreli. Injongo entsha e-Afghanistan yayikuphelisa ukubandakanyeka kwe-US kwaye iguqulwe kwi - mission ye-NATO yokugcina uxolo.
I-NATO yongeze ama-65,000 amabutho avela kumazwe angama-42.
I-FY 2004 - i-$ 105.0 yezigidigidi: Imfazwe e-Iraq yanda ukulawula abavukeli. Iifoto zityhila ukuhlushwa ejele lase-Abu Ghraib. Oku kwachaza ngakumbi ukunyanzelwa kwendawo. I-Afghanistan yakha uMgaqo-siseko ngelixa uBamenen esongela omnye uhlaselo lwentlanga. I-United States yamemezela ukuphela kokulwa okukhulu kwiimfazwe zombini.
FY 2005 - $ 102.3 yezigidigidi: Amasosha ase-US akhusele ama-Afghans avela eTaliban ukuhlaselwa kokhetho lokuqala lwamahhala. I-Iraq ivotele umgaqo-siseko kunye nepalamente.
FY 2006 - $ 127.0 yezigidigidi: Urhulumente we-Afghanistan omtsha unzima ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisisiseko, kubandakanywa nokukhuselwa kwamapolisa. Ubundlobongela bunyuke. I-United States igxeke i-NATO ngokungabanikeli amajoni amaninzi. E-Iraq, amabutho ase-US abulale uSaddam Hussein ngokuthula.
U-2007 - i-192.5 yezigidigidi zamaRandi: I-20,000 eyongezelelweyo imikhosi yase-United States yaya e-Iraq ukugcina uxolo de kubekho iinkokeli zama-Shiite ezihlangene zaseUnited States zifumana ukulawula okungcono.
U-2008 - i-$ 235.6 yezigidigidi: Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwaqhubeka e-Afghanistan emva kokuba imikhosi yase-United States ibulale abantu. UBush wamemezela ukuba yonke imikhosi yase-United States yayiza ku-Iraq ngo-2011. (Umthombo: "Ngaba U-Obama Wayeka Ukusukela E-Iraq Kungekudala?" I-NPR, Disemba 19, 2015.)
I-FY 2009-$ 197.1 yezigidigidi: UMongameli uBabhina wathatha isikhundla. Wathumela amanye amabutho ama-17,000 e-Afghanistan ngo-Ephreli. Wathembisa ukuthumela elinye i-30,000 ngoDisemba. Wagxininisa ekuhlaseleni amabutho aseTaliban kunye ne-al-Qaida emngceleni kunye nePakistan. Oku kwongeza i-$ 59.5 yezigidigidi kwi-budget ye-Bush's FY ka-2009. Abavoti baphinde baphendule iKarzai phakathi kweenkohlakalo zobuqhetseba. U-Obama wamemezela ukuba uya kubetha imikhosi ngo-2011. Amabutho ase-Iraq aphinde alawulwe yiGreen Zone yaseBaghdad.
U-2010- $ 181.0 wezigidigidi: U- Obama uxhaswa ngumoya we-US e-Iraq ngo-2011. I-NATO yavuma ukuguqula konke ukukhusela kumkhosi wase-Afghan ngo-2014.
I-FY 2011 - i-$ 162.4 yezigidigidi: Ama- Special Forces aphuma ngaphandle kwe-Osama bin Laden ngoMeyi 1, 2011. U-Obama wamemezela ukuba uya kuhoxisa amabutho angama-10,000 ukusuka e-Afghanistan ngasekupheleni konyaka, kunye nama-23,000 ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-2012. Iindleko ze-OCO zenyuka kwi-158.8 yezigidigidi. Amagosa asele e-Iraq ngoDisemba.
I-FY 2012 - i-$ 119.6 yezigidigidi: U- Obama wamemezela ukuhoxiswa kwamanye amabutho angama-23,000 avela e-Afghanistan ehlobo, kwasala amashumi angama-70 000. Amacala omabini ayavuma ukukhawuleza ukuxoshwa kwamagosa ase-US ukuya ngo-2013. Ubukho babo abuzange bumkeleke. Abontrakthi base-US bahlala e-Iraq ukukhusela iimfuno zaseMelika.
I-FY 2013 - i-$ 49.6 yezigidigidi: Iinkokheli zase-US zishintshe ekufundeni nasekuxhaseni. I-Taliban kunye ne-United States babusa iingxoxo zoxolo, okwenza uKarzai amise intetho yakhe kunye ne-United States.
U-FY 2014 - i-$ 88.0 yezigidigidi: U- Obama wamemezela ukuxothwa kwamagosa asekupheleni kwe-United States, kunye nenjongo kuphela ye-9,800 kuphela ehleli ekupheleni konyaka. (Umthombo: "iMfazwe yase-Afghanistan," iBhunga kwiZondlo zangaphandle.)
I-FY 2015 - i-$ 67.0 yezigidigidi: Amagosa aqeqeshiwe amabutho ase-Afghan. (Umthombo: "I-DoD 2015 i-OCO Amendment.")
I-FY 2016 - i-$ 89.5 yezigidigidi: Amagosa abuyela e-Iraq ukuqeqesha amajoni asekhaya ukuba alwe neqela lama-Islamic State. I-DoD iphinde icele iimali zoqeqesho kwi-Afghanistan, kunye nokuqeqeshwa kunye nezixhobo ze-Armed forces. Iimali zibandakanya nenkxaso ye-NATO kunye neempendulo kwiisongelo zamaphekula. (Umthombo: "DoD 2016 Ulungiso lwe-OCO.")
I-FY 2017 - i-$ 80.3 yezigidigidi: I-DoD yacela i-$ 58.8 yezigidi ze-Operation Freedom Sentinel e-Afghanistan, i-Operation Inherent Resolve e-Iraq kunye ne-Levant, ukunyusa inkxaso yaseYurophu kunye nokulwa nobugqwetha. UMongameli uTrump ucele ukuba iCongress yongeze enye i-$ 24.9 yezigidi ze-DoD kunye ne-5.1 5.1 yezigidigidi ze-OCO ukulwa neqela lama-Islamic State. (Umthombo: "Ulungiso LWE-FY 2017," i-OMB, ngoMatshi 16, 2017. I-DoD 2017 i-OCO isilungiso.)
I-FY 2018 - i-$ 126.8 yezigidigidi: Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweTumpump lwandisa iNavy and Air Force. Iqinisa i-Army neeMarines. Kwakhona kugxininise ekukhuselekeni. (Umthombo: "I- FY 2018 Budget ," i-OMB, ngoMatshi 16, 2017.)
Imfazwe kwiNdleko zoLwabizo Iingxelo zeSishwankathelo (kwiibhiliyoni)
| FY | WoT OCO | Ukwandiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali | VA Ukunyuka kweBhajethi | I-WoT iyonke | Iibhothi eziphantsi komhlaba |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | $ 22.9 | $ 6.5 | $ 1.5 | $ 31.0 | 9,700 |
| 2002 | $ 16.9 | $ 40.8 | $ 1.5 | $ 59.1 | 9,700 |
| 2003 | $ 72.5 | $ 36.7 | $ 2.6 | $ 111.9 | 136,800 |
| 2004 | $ 90.8 | $ 11.6 | $ 2.6 | $ 105.0 | 169,900 |
| 2005 | $ 75.6 | $ 23.6 | $ 3.1 | $ 102.3 | 175,803 |
| 2006 | $ 115.8 | $ 10.5 | $ 0.7 | $ 127.0 | 154.220 |
| 2007 | $ 166.3 | $ 20.9 | $ 5.3 | $ 192.5 | 186,563 |
| 2008 | $ 186.9 | $ 47.5 | $ 1.2 | $ 235.6 | 181,000 |
| 2009 | $ 153.1 | $ 34.2 | $ 9.8 | $ 197.1 | 183,300 |
| 2010 | $ 162.4 | $ 14.7 | $ 3.9 | $ 181.0 | 144,205 |
| 2011 | $ 158.8 | $ 0.3 | $ 3.3 | $ 162.4 | 105,555 |
| 2012 | $ 115.1 | $ 2.2 | $ 2.3 | $ 119.6 | 65,800 |
| 2013 | $ 82.0 | - $ 34.9 | $ 2.6 | $ 49.6 | 43,300 |
| 2014 | $ 85.2 | $ 0.8 | $ 2.0 | $ 88.0 | 32,500 |
| 2015 | $ 64.2 | $ 1.0 | $ 1.8 | $ 67.0 | 12,650 |
| 2016 | $ 58.6 | $ 24.3 | $ 6.5 | $ 89.5 | 12,457 |
| 2017 | $ 82.4 | - 5.6 | $ 3.5 | $ 80.3 | n / A |
| 2018 | $ 64.6 | $ 58.4 | $ 3.8 | $ 126.8 | n / A |
| YONKE | $ 1,774.1 | $ 293.6 | $ 58.0 | $ 2,125.7 |
(Umthombo: "Iingxelo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali loNyaka ka-2018," i-Ofisi yoNobhala ongaphantsi koKhuseleko, ngo-Juni 2017.)
* Iibhothi kwiGround yile manani e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Ukususela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2013, kufana noDisemba waloo nyaka. Ngo-2014, kungokukaMeyi. Ukusuka "Iindleko ze-Iraq, i-Afghanistan kunye neminye iMfazwe Yomhlaba wonke ekuSebenziseni Okwesabisa Ukususela ngo-9/11," Itheyibhile A-1, u-Amy Belasco, iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, ngoMatshi 29, 2014. Ngo-2015, ivela kwikota yesine. Ngo-2016, ivela kwikota yesibini. Ukusuka kwiSebe leKontrakta yezoKhuseleko kunye neNqanaba leTroop e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan: 2007-2016 , "Itheyibhile 3, uHeidi M. Peters, iNkonzo yoPhando lweCongress, ngo-Agasti 15, 2016.
Ngubani othe wathatha okungakumbi: uBush okanye Obama?
UMongameli uB Bush unoxanduva lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukususela ngo-2002-FY 2009. Wongezelela i-$ 31 billion kwi-FY ye-2001 ye-FY ye-War on Terror. Imali yale minyaka yesithoba i $ 1.161 trillion.
UMongameli uBabha ukhankasela ekunciphiseni ukukhusela Waye wawahlawula ibinzana elithi "Imfazwe Ngethuba." Wamkela iNobel Peace Prize ngokubamba imikhosi e-Iraq ngo-2011. Kodwa ukuchitha kwakhe kwiimfazwe zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan kwakunama-dollar ayi-807 yezigidi. Leyo yipesenti engama-30 ngaphantsi kwenkcitho kaMongameli Bush. Ukuchitha imali kwachazwa ngu- Bush kunye no-Obama nkqubo wezoqoqosho.
UMongameli uTrump ukhuthaze ukwandisa imali yokukhusela. Wongeza iibhiliyoni ezingama-30 kwi-budget ye-FY 2017. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY luka-2018 luya kuhlanganisa enye i-$ 127 yezigidigidi kwiMfazwe kwiNkqenkquthela, i-$ 157 yezigidigidi.
Umphumo kwi-Economics yase-US
Imfazwe ebusongeni yongezelela i-2.1 2.1 trillion, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-10 ekhulwini, kwintlawulo ye-US .
Imfazwe e-Iraq yahlala ixesha elide kunemfazwe yaseVietnam. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, yabulala ama-4,488 ase-US kwaye wabulala amanye ama-32,226. Abathengi bathatha imali engaphezulu kweedola ezili-800 zamaRandi kwi-Iraq ye-Iraq kuphela.
Iindleko zangempela zeMfazwe kwiNkqenkquthela akuyona nje into eyongezile kwityala. Kwakhona yimisebenzi elahlekileyo leyo loo mali ingayidala. Zonke iibhiliyoni eziyi-1 zeebhiliyoni ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela zidala imisebenzi engama-8,555 kwaye zongeza i-$ 565 yezigidi kwizoqoqosho. I-1 billion yeebhiliyoni ezinikwe yona njengenqabileyo yerhafu yayiye yavuselela imfuno eyaneleyo yokudala imisebenzi eyi-10,779 kwaye ibeke iidola ezingama-505 kwizoqoqosho njengemali yokuthengisa. Iibhiliyoni eziyi-1 zeemali kwiimali zemfundo zongeza i-$ 1.3 billion kwizoqoqosho kwaye idala imisebenzi eyi-17,687.
Ezi zigidi eziyi-2.1 trillion zachithwa kwiMfazwe kwiSibetho zenze imisebenzi yezigidi eziyi-18. Kodwa ukuba yayingena kwimfundo endaweni yoko, yayiza kudala imisebenzi engama-38 yezigidi. Oku kuya kunceda ekupheliseni ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.