Indlela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwango-2011 luye lwabangela ngayo iTyala likaMatyala
Kodwa ngo-2010 kwakukhethwe ukhetho oluphakathi konyaka. Iqela leeRiphabhliki zamkela i- briteral deficit and debt as their cause, ekubeni i-matyala yayisondele kwi-100 ekhulwini yemveliso yasekhaya .
Iidemokhrasi kunye namaRiphabhlikhi athatywayo abanobuqhankqalazo obuqinileyo kubo babesaba ukuba baya kulahlekelwa zihlalo zabo ukuba bavuma uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ukujongana neengxaki zebhajethi yeRiphabhuliki, uMongameli wakhethe iKhomishoni yeSimpson-Bowles ngoFebruwari 2010. Injongo yalo kukunciphisa ixabiso lokuhlawula ibhajethi ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini we-GDP, ukulinganisela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngo-2015, nokunciphisa ubuncipheko bexesha elide loKhuseleko loLuntu kunye ne-Medicare. .
IKhomishini ikhuphe ingxelo yayo ngoDisemba. Ikhuthaze amanyathelo okunciphisa i-$ 4 trillion kwi-2020, ekunciphiseni ilahleko ukuya kuma-2.3 kweepesenti ye-GDP ngo-2015, nokunciphisa ukulinganiswa kwetyala ukuya kwi-GDP ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini ngo-2023. kunye nokuchitha imali eyenziwa yi-Democrats. Ngoko ke, iziphakamiso zeKomishoni zazithemba.
Okwangoku, esikhundleni sokudlulela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngo-Oktobha 1 wokugqibela, iCongress yadlulisela isisombululo esiqhubekayo ekuxhaseni urhulumente kumanqanaba angoku kuze kube ngo-Apreli 2011.
Nangona ukukhula kwezoqoqosho ku-3%, kunye nokunciphisa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ekuphakameni kwayo kweepesenti eziyi-10.2, abavoti babonisa ukunganeliseki kwabo ngoqoqosho ngokukhetha uninzi lwabantu baseRephabliki kwiNdlu yabameli. AmaRiphabhuliki afumana izihlalo ezingama-60 zeNdlu, kunye nabafundi be-Tea Party ababhalisiweyo kwi-28 yabo.
Ingxabano yebhajethi iqhubekele phambili, kwaye uluhlu lwee-bhasti ze-stop-gap zenkxaso-mali ngo-Matshi no-Apreli 2011 zavunyelwa ukugcina iinkonzo zikaRhulumente zihamba. Njengengxenye yencoko yebhajethi ye-Matshi, amalungu eRiphabhliki amalungu eCongress acebisa i-$ 61 yezigidigidi kwizicwangciso zebhajethi. Ezi zicutshulwa zivela kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kwaye zibandakanya ukunciphisa imali yokutya kwabantwana, iinkqubo zokuncedisa ukuhlawula iikholeji, kunye nezimali zokuphucula ukhuseleko lokutya. Uphando oluvela kwiNkcazo yezoQoqosho lwezoQoqosho luthi ukutyunjwa kwakuya kuba nemisebenzi engama-800,000
Ekugqibeleni, ngo-Ephreli 14, 2011, iCongress yavuma uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-38 bhiliyoni. Kwakukho iibhiliyoni ezili-20 zeebhiliyoni ezinqunywe kwiinkqubo zokuqonda, ezijolise kwimpilo, abasebenzi kunye nemfundo. Iibhiliyoni ezili-178 zeebhiliyoni zachithwa kwiinkqubo ezigunyazisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, isifundo se-Ofisi yeBhajethi ye-Congressional safumanisa ukuba imali echanekileyo iya kuncitshiswa nge-$ 352 yezigidi. Kungenxa yokuba iSebe loKhuseleko landa , kwaye ininzi yokuba ukucutshungulwa okucetywayo kwakukho kwiiprogram ezingenakuzisebenzisa zonke iifijethi zazo, nokuba kunjalo.
Ingeniso
Ngomhla we-FY 2011, urhulumente wesigqeba wathabatha i-$ 2.303 yezigidigidi ezingama-2,53 kwiingeniso, ngaphantsi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwama-2.6 trillion kwingeniso. Iirhafu zerhafu zanikele ngemali eyi-1.091 trillion, iirhafu zerhafu zanikele ngemali engama-566bhiliyoni yoKhuselo loLuntu, kunye ne-188 yezigidigidi ze-Medicare.
Iirhafu zorhwebo zongeze i-$ 181 trillion, i-excise kunye neentlawulo zesipho ezizigidi ezingama-7 zeebhiliyoni, kunye neentlawulo ezi-$ 30 ezigidi. Umdla owenziwe kwi-Federal Reserve idilesi idibene enye i-$ 82 yezigidigidi. (Umthombo: "I-Budget ye-FY 2013, iThebhile S-5," i-Ofisi yoLawulo lwe-US kunye neBhajethi.)
Ukuchitha
Ukuchitha imali kwakuyi $ 3.603 trillion, ngaphantsi kwebhajethi ye-3.8 trillion. Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha iya kwiiprogram ezinyanzelisiweyo , ezifana noKhuseleko loLuntu, iiMedare kunye neenkqubo zoMhlalaphantsi. Ezi ndleko zagunyazwa ngumthetho, kwaye azikwazi ukutshintshwa ngaphandle kwesenzo seCongress.
Imvume:
Urhulumente wachitha i-$ 2.073 trillion kwiiprogram ezinyanzelisayo, ngaphantsi kwe $ 2.2 trillion eyagqitywa. Eninzi isetyenziswe kwi-Social Security (i-$ 725 billion), ilandelwa yi-Medicare (i-$ 480 billion) kunye neMedicaid (i-$ 275 billion). Iziphakamiso ezenziwe phantsi koMthetho wezoThutho zoQoqosho zongeze i-$ 38 yezigidi kwisabelo-mali, njengoko iibhanki zibuyisela iimali ze-TARP.
Intsalela, i-$ 631 yezigidigidi isetyenzisiwe kuzo zonke ezinye iinkqubo ezinyanzelisayo, ezibandakanya izitampu zokutya, ukuXhotyiswa kwabasebenzi, ukuNgcwaba kwabantwana kunye neNkcazo zeRhafu, ukuKhuselwa koKhuseleko kwabakhubazekile kunye neNgxowa-mali yabafundi. (Umthombo: "I-Budget ye-FY 2013, iThebhile S-5," i-OMB.)
Ukwaziswa:
Phantse i-40% yokuchitha imali, okanye i-$ 1.3 triliyoni, waya kwiinkqubo zokuqonda ezenziwa nguMongameli kunye neNgqungquthela ngonyaka. Isiqingatha sebhajethi yokuqonda, okanye i-$ 838 yezigidigidi, saya kwiinkcitho zempi. Amasebe amakhulu angewona amagosa ayenjalo: iiNkonzo zeMpilo kunye noLuntu (i-$ 78.5 billion), Imfundo (i-$ 68.3 billion), iiNdlu kunye noPhuhliso lweeDolophu ($ 37.1 billion), ubulungisa (i-$ 26.9 billion) kunye nezoLimo (i-$ 21.5 billion). (Umthombo: "I-Budget ye-FY 2013, iThebhile S-12," i-OMB.)
Ukusetyenziswa kweMpi kwakuyi-$ 854.4 yezigidigidi. Inkcitho yokukhuseleko ikwahlulo. Okokuqala yi- budget yeSebe loKhuseleko , eyayiyi-528.2 yezigidigidi. I-DoD inciphise inkunkuma ngamaphesenti angama-17 ngokuphelisa okanye ukuphelisa iinkqubo eziliqela, kubandakanywa neenqwelo zee-C-17 kunye neenkqubo eziNye zoPhulo lweFighter eziNye. Izibonelelo ezizigidi ezili-9 zezigidi zasemakhaya kunye nabasemagunyeni abakhubazekileyo zandisiwe. Kwavumela ukunyamekela okunyamekileyo amalungu enkonzo enzakeleyo, ngakumbi abo abaneemfuno zempilo yengqondo. Ukulimala kwamakhanda okwexinzelelo kuye kwanda kakhulu, njengoko iinkqubo zonyango eziphuculweyo ziye zavumela oogqirha ukuba balondoloze amajoni amaninzi awayefa ngenxa yamanxeba entloko kwimfazwe yangaphambili.
Ukongezwa kuloo nto yayiyi-158.8 yezigidigidi zeemali kwiingxowa-mali zokuxhasa inkxaso e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, kunye nokunyuka kweMfazwe e-Iraq . Ukufumana okungakumbi ngeendleko ezipheleleyo zale nyathelo, khangela iMfazwe kwiiNkcukacha zoBungozi .
Amanye amasebe axhasa impi axabisa i-$ 167.4 yezigidigidi. Ezi zinto zibandakanya i-Homeland Security (i-$ 41.9 yezigidigidi), iSebe lezeMantloko (i-$ 56.4 billion), iSebe likaRhulumente (i-$ 50.1 billion), i-FBI (i-$ 7.822 billion) kunye ne-National Nuclear Security Administration (i-$ 10.5 billion).
Ulwabiwo-mali:
Isiphumo esibi kunazo zonke sebhajethi ye-FY 2011 yayiyi-$ 1.3 trillion yayo. Ukuchitha imali ngokwemali kwavuselela uqoqosho, okwakusadingeka ngo-FY 2011. Kwakubaluleke kakhulu emva kokunciphisa umgangatho, xa amabhizinisi asebenza ngaphantsi kwamandla, kwaye afuna abathengi abatsha. Ukuchitha imali ngokwemali kufuneka kugxininise ekuvuseleleni iindleko zabathengi nokudala imisebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuchitha imali kuqhubekile ukusukela ngo-2002. Ukulahleka ngexesha kunye nangemva kokunciphisa umnotho kunceda ukudala (ngelo xesha) iitaliti eziyi-15 trillion. Njengoko kuqhubeka, ukungaphumeleli kwemali kubeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwixabiso le dola. I dollar ephantsi iphakamisa iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye oko kunokwandisa amathuba okunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Njengoko ityala le-GDP lifikelela kwipesenti eziyi-100, abatyali-mali babexhalabele ukuba i-US inokuthi ingagqibekanga. Okanye, balindela ukuba i-US iphakamise irhafu kwixesha elizayo ukuze ifumane imali engenayo yokuhlawula ityala layo. Olu lindeleko lweerhafu kwixesha elizayo ludonsa ukukhula koqoqosho namhlanje.
Ukongezelela, iintlawulo zenzalo ukuxhasa imali ityala longeza kwintsilelo yonyaka. Ngo-FY 2011, iintlawulo zomdla zaziyi-$ 230 yezigidigidi. Kulo lonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, jonga ukulahlekelwa nguMongameli kunye noThathaka ngoNyaka .