Ngaba iSicwangciso soMoya sika-Obama sasebenza?
Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho oluphelile luphelile iRest Recession ngokunyusa imali yabathengi. Injongo yayikugcina imali phakathi kwe-900,000 ukuya kwi-2.3 yezigidi zemisebenzi. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, yenza ukuba ithemba lifunekayo ekukhuliseni ukukhula koqoqosho .
Kwakhona kwenzelwe ukubuyisela ukuthembela kwishishini lezemali ngokunciphisa ibhonasi yabaphathi abaphezulu kwiinkampani ezithe zafumana i- TARP iimali. (Imithombo: "Ileta kuSenator Grassley," I-Ofisi yeBhanjethi yeCongress, ngoMatshi 2, 2009. Ukubuyisela i -.gov)
Indlela Eyisebenzisayo
I-ARRA ineentlobo ezintathu zokuchitha. Igawula iirhafu ngeeRandi ezingama-288 zeebhiliyoni. Yayichitha ii-$ 224 zeebhiliyoni kwiinzuzo ezingaphangeliyo zengqesho , imfundo kunye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Yakha imisebenzi ngokunika i-$ 275 yezigidigidi kwiikontrakthi zedolophu, izibonelelo kunye neemboleko.
ICongress yenzelwe uMthetho ukuchitha i-$ 720 billion, okanye i-91.5 ekhulwini, kwiminyaka yokuqala yeemali ezintathu. Kwabelwa iiligidi eziyi-185 zamaRandi kwi- FY 2009 , iibhiliyoni ezingama-400 kwi- FY 2010 kunye ne-135 mali yezigidigidi ngo- FY 2011 .
Ulawulo luka-Obama lungcono kunokuba lucetywe. Ekupheleni kwe-FY 2009, yachitha i-$ 241.9 yezigidigidi. Ngaloo nto, ichithe imali eyi-92.8 yezigidi kwiirhafu zerhafu, i-$ 86.5 yezigidigidi ezingenabasebenzi kunye nezinye izibonelelo kunye ne-$ 62.6 yezigidi kwizibonelelo zokudala imisebenzi.
Kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-FY 2012, iCongress yabelwa inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yokunyusa inani eliyi-840 yezigidigidi. NgoDisemba 31, 2013, ulawulo lwachitha imali eyi-816.3 billion. Ngaloo nto, ichithe imali engama-290.7 yezigidi kwiirhafu zokurhoxisa irhafu, i-R4 26.4 billion kwiingeniso, kunye ne-$ 261.2 yezigidigidi kwiikontraka, izibonelelo kunye neemboleko. (Source: Recovery.gov.)
Ngaba Iphumelele?
Abagxeki abaninzi bathi i-package ye-stimulus ye-stimulus ayizange iphumelele ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho lwaba ne- 2.8 ekhulwini ngo-2009 . I- Ofisi yeBhajethi ye-Congressional i- ARRA iya kukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-GDP ngamaphesenti ama-1.4 ukuya kuma-3.8 ekhulwini ngaloo nyaka. Oko kwakuthetha ukukhula kwimveliso engaphantsi komhlaba kuya kuba ngama-1.4 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-3.8 ekhulwini ngaphezu kokuba iCongress ayenzanga nto.
Enyanisweni, i-CBO ibonise ukuba uqoqosho luya kuthenga iipesenti ezi-3 zonyaka ka-2009. Kungenxa yokuba sele sele iqeshe i-5.4 ekhulwini kwikota yokuqala, kunye ne-0.5 ekhulwini kwikwesibini. I- Dow iwele kwi-6,594.44 ngoMatshi 5, 2009 . Ngo-Q4 2009, i-GDP yayiyi-3,9 ekhulwini, kwaye iDow ivukile i-10,428. Ngo-2010, uqoqosho lwandise iipesenti ezi-2.5.
I-bill stimulus bill yafunwa ukuba igcine imisebenzi ye-900,000-2.3 yezigidi. Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 30, 2009, londoloze imisebenzi engama-640,329. ( Le yile ngxelo yakutshanje. IBhodi yokuPhinda iyeke ukuqikelela ukudala imisebenzi emva koko. )
Ayikho yonke loo mpu melelo yayibulele kwiPastimus Package. Umgaqo-mali wezemali owandisiweyo kunye neemakethi ezikhulayo ezikhulayo zikhulisa ukukhula kwehlabathi. Kodwa ngo-Matshi 2009, umgaqo-mali wezemali wenze konke okusemandleni. Kwakubonakala ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali wawufuneka. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ipakethe yokuvuselela ezoqoqosho ikhuthaze ukuzithemba okufunekayo ukuguqula uqoqosho.
Ngesinye isikhathi e-ofisi, u-Obama waqaphela ukuba kufuneka akhulise ukuvuselelwa kwezemali kwi-plan ye-190 billion yezicwangciso ezazicebisa kulo phulo. Ezinye izicwangciso zeprogram yakhe, njengokwenza umyalelo wokuqhaqhawula, sele usuqaliswe nguFannie Mae . Abanye, ezifana nokuphelisa irhafu kubantu abadala abaya kuma-$ 50,000, bebeyingxenye ye-agenda yezoqoqosho kwi-Obama kwenye indawo.
Umngeni omkhulu kakhulu ka-Obama ukudala ukwanela kokuvuselela ukunciphisa umnotho , kodwa kungabi nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki malunga nokuhlawulwa kwetyala le-US . Ngelishwa, icebo libekwe icala ngenxa yokwenza kokubili-ukungaphumeleli ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwabangaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-9, kwaye kwongezwa kwityala. Nangona kunjalo, isicwangciso sokuvuselela asizange sigwetywe kangangoko kunye nokulungiswa kwempilo , iMedareri, kunye neMedicaid.
Usebenze Njani Ngomnye Wezinto EziMithathu Zezinto?
Iingaphulelo zerhafu zika-Obama zazifanele zikhuthaze ukuchitha imali yabathengi , kodwa iingcali ezininzi zithandabuza.
Ngoba? Izaphulelo zibonakaliswe njengento yokuhlawula irhafu encinane. Ngokungafani nokutyunjwa kwentlawulo yaseBush , abasebenzi abazange bafumane iisesheke. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abantu babengazi ukuba banesaphulelo sentela.
I-stimulus yeShishini elincinci lncedise ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukunyuka kweemali ezivela kwi-SBA kunye namabhanki asekuhlaleni kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso lentlawulo kwiintlobo-mali zoshishino-mali. Uncedo luncedisile, kodwa amaninzi amaninzi ayephantsi kwamanzi ukuze ilahleko zabo ziphumelele uncedo lolawulo lwentlangano.
Ulwakhiwo lwezenzo zoluntu mhlawumbi luye lwapapashwa kakuhle. Iimpawu zithunyelwe apho kukho imali yokuvuselela eyayisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweendlela okanye izakhiwo zikawonkewonke. Kwaqikelelwa ukuba igcine okanye idibanise imisebenzi eyizigidi ezi-3, ezininzi zazo eziyimfuneko kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha.
Ukhuthazo lwezoQoqosho kwiShishini elincinci
Nangona uninzi lwamajelo oluntu lwama-$ 105 olutyalwe imali kwiibhanki ezinkulu, inkqubo ye-TARP ye-Nondyebo ichithe imali eyi-92 yezigidigidi ukuqinisa ii-bhanki zoluntu kweli lizwe. Ezi mabhanki zijoliswe ukuba zisebenzise iimali zokunceda amashishini amancinci kwindawo yabo.
Okwesibini, iPhakethi yeStimulus yezoQoqosho iquka ii-54 ezigidigidi zamaRandi kwiirejista zerhafu zamashishini amancinci. Nantsi ukuphuma:
- Ukuchithwa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, ezifana nekhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zeofisi, iimpawu, kwaye izithuthi zaphakanyiselwa kuma-250,000 ama-$ (ngaphandle kwe-SUV ezilinganiselwa kuma-25,000). Ipropati engafanelanga ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo ingahlaziywa ngama-50 ekhulwini.
- Abatyalomali kumashishini amancinci, abanjwe esidlangalaleni abambe isitoreli kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu bafumana irhafu yentlawulo yokufumana intlawulo.
- Amashishini amancinci anganciphisa ukuhlawula iipesenti ezi-3 zokurhweba irhafu kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezithengiswa koorhulumente.
- Amashishini amancinci aqeshe amaqhawe angasebenziyo nabafundi abafuna umsebenzi kwiinyanga ezingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu bafumane iikhredithi zerhafu.
- Ukurhoxiswa kweerhafu zamashishini anciphise amatyala abo.
- Ulawulo lweZimashishini ezincinci 7 (a) Isiqinisekiso sokubolekisa ngemboleko sakhuliswe kwi-75% ukuya kwi-90 ekhulwini yexabiso lemboleko.
- Imirhumo yachithwa kwinkqubo ye-SBA ye-504, eyayiqinisekisa ukuthenga iimali-mboleko zezoqoqosho kumashishini amancinci.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe- FY 2011 lwabelwe iiligidi ezingama-64 zamawaka ezigidi, zaphulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Iibhiliyoni ezingama-33 kwiirhafu zamashishini amancinci abongeza abasebenzi abatsha okanye aphakamise ngaphezu kweendleko zokuphila.
- Ukuphakamisa umda kwi- SBA iziqinisekiso zemboleko ezivela kwi-$ 2 yezigidi ukuya kwii-5 ezigidi.
- Iibhiliyoni ezingama-30 ezivela kwiprogram ye- TARP kwiibhanki zoluntu eziyi-8,000 (ixabiso elingaphantsi kwe-R10 billion), esenza isiqingatha sazo zonke iindleko zoshishino.
- Iimali ezingama-700,000 ukuphelisa intlawulo yexabiso lentlawulo kubalimi-mali kumashishini amancinci.