Izizathu ezintathu zokuba i-America iTyala
Izibini ezithathu kubatyala obanjelwe uluntu . Urhulumente uhlawulela oku kubathengi bhilida be- Nondyebo ye- US, amanqaku, kunye nezibophelelo . Oku kuquka abantu, iinkampani kunye noorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle.
Inxalenye yesithathu ibhatala lombuso. U-Nondyebo uhlawulela oku kumasebe awo ahlukeneyo abamba i-Akhawunti ye-Akhawunti kaRhulumente. Ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo kunye nezinye iimali zokuthembela ngabanikazi abakhulu. Baye baqhuba i-surplus iminyaka. Urhulumente wesigqeba usebenzisa ezo zigqithisi ukuhlawula amanye amasebe. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziza kuba ngenxa yokuba abantwana bebhendi bahlala phantsi emashumi amabini alandelayo. Ukususela ngoKhuselo lwezeNtlalo kunye neentembelelo zeemali ngababanini abakhulu, impendulo malunga nokuba ngubani ophethe ityala le -US eyona nto iya kuba yile: imali yomhlalaphantsi yomntu wonke.
Ityala leMelika liyilo elikhulu kunabo bonke kwilizwe elilodwa. Iqhuba intamo nentamo kunye neYurophu yeYurophu , umanyano wezoqoqosho wamazwe angama-28.
Ityala linkulu kunokuba iMelika ivelise unyaka wonke. Umlinganiselo osesikhundleni esiphakamileyo samatyala asemakhaya uxelela abatyalo-mali ukuba ilizwe linokuba neengxaki zokubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko.
Yiyo eyenzekayo entsha kunye nokukhathazeka kwi-United States. Ngowe-1988, ityala lalingumyinge wezoqoqosho zaseMelika.
Indlela uMatyala ayenayo kakhulu
Kukho ezintathu ezibangela ezibalulekileyo zobukhulu betyala lelizwe. Okokuqala, ityala liqokelelwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali . Iprogram nganye entsha kunye neerhafu ezinqunywe ngerhafu zongezelela ityala.
Oku kuboniswa kwiingcipheko zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngumongameli . Ubunzima obukhulu buya kuMongameli Obama . Wongezelela iphakheji ye - American Recovery and Reinvestment Act , i- Obama tax tax , kunye ne-$ 800 billion ngonyaka kwimali yezempi . Ezi nyathelo zancincile ingxaki yemali ka - 2008 .
Nangona i- ityala likazwelonke phantsi kuka-Obama landa kakhulu, i-dollar-wise, kwakungekho eyona nxalenye enkulu yokwanda. Inhlonipho iya kuFranklin D. Roosevelt . Wanezela ii-dollar ezingama-236 zeebhiliyoni, kodwa kwakungeniso lokunyuka kwama-1,048 kwipesenti. Wenza oku ukulwa nokuCaluleka Okukhulu kwaye ulungiselele iUnited States ukungena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
UMongameli uB Bush ube necala lesibini elikhulu. Kwakhona walwa neengxaki zemali kunye ne-$ 700 billion yeebhiliyoni . UBush wongezelela uMthetho woPhuhliso loQoqosho kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko lokuXhaswa kweRhafu kunye noMthetho woPhuhliso lweMisebenzi kunye noNgeniso loNgeniso loNgeniso lokuThuthukiswa kweRhafu ukuphelisa umnotho we-2001. Waphendula ekuhlaselweni kwe - 9/11 ngeMfazwe esebhubeni .
UMongameli Reagan uthathe iirhafu, ukunyuka kwemali yokukhusela, kunye nokwandisa i-Medicare. Bonke aba ngameli bafumana iirisithi eziphantsi ezithe zavela kwii- recessions .
Okwesibini, wonke umongameli uboleka kwi- Social Security Trust Fund . I-Fund ithathe ingeniso engaphezulu kunokuba iyidinga ngokuhlawulwa kweerhafu zokuhlawula eziphezulu kwi-baby boomers.
Ngokufanelekileyo, le mali kufuneka ifakwe imali ukuba ifumaneke xa i-boomers ithatha umhlalaphantsi. Endaweni yoko, iNgxowa-mali "ibolekelelwe" kurhulumente ukuba ihlawule imali eyongeziweyo. Le mboleko engenakunomdla incede ukugcina ixabiso lentengo ye- Treasury Bond phantsi, ukuvumela ukuhlawulwa kwamatyala athile. Kodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe ngerhafu eyongeziweyo xa i-boomers ithatha umhlalaphantsi.
Okwesithathu, amazwe afana neChina kunye neJapan athenge i-Treasurys ukugcina i-currencies yexabiso eliphantsi kwi-dollar. Bonwabile ukuboleka eMelika, umthengi wabo omkhulu, ngoko kuya kuqhubeka ukuthenga iimpahla zabo zangaphandle . Nangona iChina ilumkisa iUnited States ukunciphisa ityala layo, liyaqhubeka nokuthenga iiNondyebo. Kodwa iChina iye yanciphisa i-debt ye-US .
Okwesine, urhulumente waseUnited States uzuze kwiirhafu eziphantsi. Kwakungenakuqhubeka nokuhlawula iifihla-mali xa amazinga enzala aphakama njengoko ayekwenza eGrisi.
Kutheni inzala ehlala isezantsi? Abathengi beeNqwelo zeeNondyebo bayaqiniseka ukuba iMelika inegunya loqoqosho lokuyibuyisela. Ngethuba loqoqosho, amazwe angaphandle awandise ukugcinwa kwazo kweeNondyebo njengebhanti elikhuselekileyo. Ezi zibamba zaphuma kuma-13 ekhulwini ngo-1988 ukuya kuma-31 ekhulwini ngo-2011.
Okwesithandathu, iCongress iphakamisa iyala leetyala . I-Congress ibeka umda kwisikwere kodwa iyakwandisa. Oku akuzange kwenzeke phakathi ko-2011 ukuya ku-2013, nangona kunjalo. Kungenxa yokuba ingxaki yamatyala kubangelwa ukuvalwa kwekarhulumente kunye nokugcinwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ngo-2015, iCongress yayimisa isikhala kwaze kwaba emva koonyulo lukazwelonke luka - 2016 . Ngo-2017, yaphakamisa isikhala selotyala kwada kwaDisemba 8, 2017.
Indlela uMatyala Omkhulu awuthinta ngayo uqoqosho
Ngethuba elifutshane, uqoqosho kunye nabavoti bafumana inzuzo yokuchitha imali . Iqhuba ukukhula koqoqosho. Urhulumente wephondo uhlawula izixhobo zokukhusela, ukunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nokwakhiwa kokwakha. Iikontraka kunye neefisi zangasese eziza kuqesha abasebenzi abatsha. Basebenzisa umvuzo wabo urhulumente oxhaswa kwi-petroli, ukutya kunye neempahla ezintsha. Oko kukhuthaza umnotho. Isiphumo esifanayo senziwa nabasebenzi urhulumente wesigqeba uqesha ngokuthe ngqo. Njengengxenye yamacandelo e-GDP , iindleko zikaRhulumente zithatha i-chunk enkulu, ininzi yayo eyabelwe inkcitho yempi.
Ngaphezulu kwexesha elide, ityala lesigqeba elikhulayo lifana nokushayela ngexakeka ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko ukukhula kwetyala-kuya ku-GDP kukhula, abanini bematyala banokufuna iintlawulo ezinkulu. Bayafuna impindiselo ngenxa yengozi ekhulayo abayi kuhlawulwa. Ukunciphisa umfuno we-US Treasury kuzokwandisa ukwandisa inzala . Oku kuya kuncotha umnotho.
Isidingo esincinci seNondyebo sibeka uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwidola. Kungenxa yokuba ixabiso ledoli libophelelwe kwixabiso leNgcaciso yeNondyebo. Njengoko idola liyancipha , abanikazi bamanye amazwe bahlawulelwa ngokumalunga nemali efanelekileyo. Oko kuyanciphisa kwakhona imfuno. Kwakhona, abaninzi abanamanye amazwe angamazwe ase-US batyala imali ngakumbi kumazwe abo.
Ngelo xesha, iUnited States iya kufuneka ihlawule imali eninzi kakhulu ngenxa yenzalo. Isixa semali esetyenziswayo kwi-federal namhlanje sibonisa iintlawulo ezenzalo eziphezulu kwixesha elizayo.
ICongress iyaqonda ukuba ibhekane neengxaki zematyala . Kule minyaka engama-20 ezayo, iNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko lweNtlalontle ayiyi kuba neleyo ukwenzela ukuba ihlawulwe iingeniso zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ezithembekileyo kubantwana bentombi. Oku kunokuthetha iirhafu eziphezulu xa i-debt ephezulu yase-US ilawula iimali-mboleko ezivela kwamanye amazwe. ICongress inokuthi ikhuphe iintlawulo ngaphandle kokunyusa irhafu. Oku kuya kubachaphazela ngokukodwa abahlala phantsi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-70. Kungabanokubethelela abo abanomvuzo ophezulu kwaye abaxhomekeke kwiintlawulo zeNtlalo-ntle ukuxhasa imali yabo yomhlalaphantsi.