Ukudakumba okukhulu: Yintoni eyenzekayo, Yintoni eyabangela ukuba, Indlela eyaphelile ngayo

Kutheni Kwaye Kuphela Kuphela Uxinzelelo Olukhulu

Ukudakumba okukhulu kwimeko yokudakumba kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini lonke eyadlula iminyaka eyi-10. Ingqungquthela yayo yayingu " uLwesine omnyama ," ngo-Oktobha 24, ngo-1929. Ngaloo nto abathengisi bathengisa ama-12.9 yezigidi zempahla yesitokethi ngolunye usuku, i-triple lemali eqhelekileyo. UkuPhukisa okukhulu kwaqalisile ngo-Agasti xa uqoqosho luya

Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kufinyelele kuma-25 eepesenti

Ukuxinezeleka okukhulu kuchaphazele zonke iinkalo zoluntu.

Ngokuphakama kwayo ngo-1933, ukungaqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwakusuka kuma-3 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini labasebenzi besizwe. Iintlawulo zalabo abasemsebenzini bawa ngama-42 ekhulwini. TU.S. umkhiqizo wekhaya owenziwe umlinganiselo wesigidi, ukusuka kwi-$ 103 yezigidigidi ukuya kwii-55 zamawaka ezigidi. Oko kwakubangelwa ngenxa yokuchasana . Amanani awa ngama-10 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Iikhokeli zorhulumente ezinxunguphekileyo zathatha umrhumo we- Smoot-Hawley ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya kunye nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhweba kwehlabathi kwanciphise ama-65 ekhulwini njengoko kulinganiswa kwiidola zase-US. Kwawa kweepesenti ezingama-25 kwinani leeyunithi.

Ubomi Ngexesha Loxinzelelo

Ukuxinzezeleka kwabangela ukuba abalimi abaninzi balahlekelwe yimifama yabo. Ngelo xesha, iminyaka yokulima ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nesomiso kwadala "i- Dust Bowl " eMidwest. Kwagqitywa ezolimo kwindawo esele ikhula. Amawaka ala mafama kunye nabanye abasebenzi abangaqeshwanga bafuna umsebenzi eCalifornia. Abaninzi bagcina behlala "njenge-hobos" abangenamakhaya. Abanye baphendukela kuma-shantytown abizwa ngokuthi " iHoovervilles ," ebizwa ngokuba nguMongameli uHerbert Hoover.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba

Ngokutsho kukaBen Bernanke , uSihlalo odlulileyo we- Federal Reserve , ibhanki ephakathi yanceda ukudala ukuPhukisa. Yasebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo eyimali xa yayimele yenze into eyahlukileyo. UBernanke wagxininisa iimpazamo ezinhlanu eziphambili zeFed.

1. I-Fed yaqala ukuphakamisa izinga leemali ezidliwayo entwasahlobo ka-1928. Yaqhubeka ikhula ngokunyuka kwemali eyaqala ngo-Agasti 1929.

1. Xa imarike yemasheya iphazamisekile , abatyali-mali bajika kwiimarike zemali . Ngelo xesha, umgangatho wegolide wawuxhasa ixabiso leedola eziphethwe nguRhulumente wase-US. Abaqulunqi baqala ukurhweba kwiidola zabo ngegolide ngoSeptemba 1931. Oko kwakha i-dollar.
2. I-Fed yaphakamisa amaxabiso omdla kwakhona ukugcina ixabiso le dolari. Oko kwakunqanda ngakumbi ukufumaneka kwemali kumashishini. Iibhanki ezingakumbi zilandelwe.
3. I-Fed ayizange ikhulise ukunikezelwa kwemali ukulwa nokuchaswa.
4. Abatyalomali bashiya yonke imali yabo kwiibhanki . Ukungaphumeleli kweebhanki kwakha ukwesaba okukhulu. I-Fed ayigxina ibhanki. Le meko yabhubhisa nayiphi na indlela abathembekileyo abathengi kumaziko emali. Uninzi lwabantu luye lwashiya imali yabo kwaye lubeka phantsi kwamagumbi abo. Oko kwandula kunciphisa imali yokubonelela ngemali .

I-Fed ayizange ifake imali eyaneleyo ekusasazweni ukuze ibuyele kwakhona uqoqosho. Kunoko, iFed yavumela ukunikezelwa kweentlawulo zamaRandi ase-US ukuwa kweepesenti ezingama-30.

Yintoni eyaphelisa ukuCaluleka okukhulu

Ngowe-1932, ilizwe likhethe uFranklin D. Roosevelt njengomongameli. Wathembise ukudala iinkqubo zikaRhulumente zedolophu ukuphelisa ukuCaluleka koMkhulu. Kwiintsuku eziyi-100, wasayina iNew Deal ibe ngumthetho.

Yakha ama-arhente amatsha angama-42. Zenzelwe ukudala imisebenzi, vumela u-unionization kwaye unikeze inshorensi yokungasebenzi. Zininzi zezi nkqubo zikhoyo. Ziquka ukuKhuseleko kweNtlalo , iKhomishana yoThuseleko kunye noTshintshiso , kunye ne- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . Ezi nkqubo zinceda ukukhusela uqoqosho kunye nokuthintela olunye uxinzelelo.

Abaninzi bathi iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kungeyiyo iNguqulelo entsha, iphelile ukuCalulelwa. Kodwa ukuba i-FDR ichithe ubuninzi kwi-Deal Deal njengoko yenzayo ngexesha leMfazwe, bekuya kuphelisa uXinzelelo. Kwiminyaka elisithoba phakathi kokusungulwa kweNkqubo entsha kunye nokuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbour, i-FDR yandise ityala nge $ 3 billion. Ngomnyaka we-1942, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokhuselo kwongeze i-$ 23 billion kwi-matyala. Ngowe-1943, yongezelela enye i-$ 64 yezigidigidi.

Enyanisweni, i-WWII yayisisiseko sayo. Uxinzelelo lwezemali kwenza amaJamani anqwenela ukhetho lonyulo luka-Adolf Hitler kwininzi ngo-1933.

Ukuba i-FDR isetyenzisile ngokwaneleyo kwi-Deal Deal yokuphelisa uxinzelelo ngaphambi kokuba uHitler aphumelele, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II ayinakuze yenzeke.

Izizathu zokuKhulelwa Kokukhulu Okungeke Kuphinde Kuvele

Ukuxinezeleka kwinqanaba elifanayo kwakungeke kwenzeke ngendlela efanayo. Iibhanki eziphambili emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanywa ne-Federal Reserve, sele zifundile kwixesha elidlulileyo. Bayazi indlela yokusebenzisa umgaqo-mali wokulawula uqoqosho.

Kodwa umgaqo-mali awukwazi ukucima umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali. Ubukhulu be- matyala kazwelonke wase - US kunye nokulahleka kwe- akhawunti okwangoku kunokubangela ubunzima bezoqoqosho. Oku kunzima kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ukulungisa. Akukho mntu unokuqiniseka ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukusuka kwinqanaba lamatyala e-US langoku .

Okongeziweyo : Ngaba Ukunyamezeka Okukhulu Kungenzeka Kwenzeka kwakhona? | Umatyala waseMelika nguMongameli ... Isihlandlo seNtlupheko YokuCaluleka