Usuku Lokuqala LweSigqeba seSitokisi seNgcono kunazo zonke kwiMbali yase-US
Kweneke ntoni
Ngaphambi kokuba i- New York Stock Exchange ivule, abatyali-zimali babethuthumela. Umyinge weDow Jones weShishini waseThekwini uwile 4.6 ekhulwini ngosuku. Umgca we- Washington Post umemeza esithi, "Ukuthungqwa Kwempahla Edala Kudala Ngokusondeleko -Kubungqina Bokuba Amasheya Aphela." Iimarike zavulwa ngo-305.85.
Ngokukhawuleza yawela i-11 ekhulwini ngexesha lokuthengisa kwangomhla. Leyo yepesenti enye ngaphezu kokulungiswa kwemakethe .
Ababhankini beWall Street bexhalabile. Imarike yemasheya sele iwile malunga nama-20 ekhulwini ukususela kwirekhodi layo kufuphi ne-381.2 ngoSeptemba 3, 1929. Okubi nakakhulu, ukuthengiswa kwemali yayingu-12.9 yezigidi zezabelo, okanye kathathu isixa esiqhelekileyo. Iibhanki ezintathu ezikhokelayo ngelo xesha zaziyiMorgan Bank, iChase yeBhanki yeSizwe ne-National Bank yaseNew York. Bathengisa amasheya okubuyisela ukuzithemba kwiimarike. Ukungenelela kwakubonakala kusebenza. I-Dow yabuyisela kwakhona, ivala iipesenti ezi-2, nge-299.47. (Umthombo: "U- 1929 Crash ," iYunivesithi yeSan Francisco.)
NgoLwesihlanu, i-Dow ivaliwe phezulu, kwi-301.22. Kodwa ngoMsombuluko omnyama , wawa ekuhwebeni okulula, ukuya kuma-260.64. Oku kwabangela ukuphazamiseka konke kuLwesibini omnyama . Ekupheleni kosuku, i-Dow yawela ku-230.07, ilahleko le-12.
Emva kokuphazamiseka, uDow waqhubeka ehambisa iminyaka emithathu.
Ekugqibeleni yawela ngoJulayi 8, 1932, ivala ngo-41.22. Yonke into echazwe, ilahlekelwe malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zexabiso layo ukususela ekuphakameni kwayo ngoSeptemba 3, 1929. Enyanisweni, ayizange iphinde ifikelele phezulu kwakhona iminyaka engama-25, de kube nguNovemba 23, 1954. Ukulahleka kwintengiso ye-stock market kwandinceda Ukuxinezeleka Okukhulu.
Yintoni eyabangela ukuba
Ngexesha le- 20 yokuQoba , ukutshala imali kwimarike yamasitye yaba yinto yokuzonwabisa.
Ukususela ngo-1922 ukuya kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka, ixabiso lemarike yemasheya linyuka ngama-218 ekhulwini. Kwakuyi-20 ekhulwini ngonyaka iminyaka eyisixhenxe.
Abo bangenayo imali yokutshala imali bangababoleka kwi-stockbroker yabo "kwimida." Oko kwakuthetha ukuba bekufuneka babeke iipesenti ezili-10 ukuya phezulu. Amabali omntu ngamnye ukusuka kumantombazana ukuya kubafundisi abenza izigidi zivuselele ukungaxhamli .
Ezinye iibhanki zaze zatshala imali yabo yokugcina imali ngaphandle kokubaxelela. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweemali ezidalwe ukuqhutyelwa kwiibhanki ezazingummiselo wokuPhukisa okukhulu . Amabhanki ayengenayo ngokwaneleyo ukuhlonipha i-depositors 'withdrawals. Abantu abaninzi bafumene iicenti ezili-10 kwidola ngalinye. Ephendula, uMongameli Roosevelt wadala i- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . Kuqinisekisiwe ukugcinwa kwabo njengengxenye yeNkqubo entsha .
Kwakukho iimpawu zokulumkisa entwasahlobo ka-1929. Ngo-Matshi, i-Dow yawa, kodwa iibhanki ziqinisekisile abatyalo-mali kunye nokuzithemba. Ngomhla ka-Agasti 8, i-Federal Reserve Bank yaseNew York yandisa izinga lokuphuhlisa ukusuka kuma-5 kuya kuma-6 ekhulwini. NgoSeptemba 26, iBhanki yaseNgilandi yalandelwa. Kwakudingeka ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kweempahla zegolide kwi- Wall Street . Njengamanye amazwe aphuhlisiwe , iNgilani yayisezingeni legolide .
Oko kwakuthetha ukuba kufuneka ihloniphe nayiphi na intlawulo, xa ibuzwa, nexabiso layo kwigolide. Njengoko isantya senzalo senyuka, ukuxhaswa kwemali-mboleko yemali-mboleko ye-stockbroker yawa.
NgoSeptemba 29, amaphephandaba athi uClarence Hatry wathenga iUnited Steel ngobuqhetseba. Inkampani yakhe yawa, kwaye abatyali-mali balahlekelwa zigidi. Oko kwanyusa i-market yaseBrithani yemarike, okwenza abatyali-zimali base-United States batye.
Ngo-Oktobha 3, iKhansela yeNgxowankulu ye-Exchequer ebizwa ngokuba yimakethe ye-stock "yaseMelika". Ngo-Oktobha 4, iWall Street Journal kunye neNew York Times yavuma ngo-editorials. UNobhala we-Nondyebo wase-United States u- Andrew Mellon uthe abatyali-mali "benza njengokuba inani lemali yokubambisa liza kuqhubeka."
Iimali ezixeliweyo zithengisa imarike yempahla eyancipha ngo-Oktobha 3, 4 no-16.
Ngo-Oktobha 19 no-20, iWashington Post yajolisa ekuthengisweni kweevenkile.
NgoMvulo, ngo-Oktobha 21, imarike yahla kwakhona. Ngomhla we-Oktobha 22, i -New York Times yatsho abaqapheli beempahla kwilahleko zangaphambili zangaphambili. Bathetha abathengisi bemida, ukuthengisa okufutshane kunye nokunyamalala kwamatyala angaphandle.
Ngo-Oktobha 23, ivenkile ithengiswe. Umxholo we Times uthi wakhala "Amaxabiso eSitokisi sokuKhutshwa koTywala olukhulu." IWashington Post yathi, "I-Wave Selling Wave idala kufuphi-Panic njengoko iiShishini ziyeka." Ukuxhaswa kweendaba ezothusayo kuncede ukubeka iSigaba seMnyama ngoLwesine. (Umthombo: UHarold Bierman, Jr, "I-Crash Market ye-1929.")
ULwesine omnyama kunye no-1929 I-Stock Market Crash
| Usuku | Umhla | Vula | Vala | Ipesenti yenguqu | Inani lezabelo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NgoLwesine omnyama | Oktobha 24 | 305.85 | 299.47 | -2% | 12,894,650 |
| uLwesihlanu | Oktobha 25 | 299.47 | 301.22 | 1% | 6,000,000 |
| uMgqibelo | Oktobha 26 | 301.22 | 298.97 | -1% | |
| NgoMvulo ngoMnyama | Oktobha 28 | 298.97 | 260.64 | -13% | 9,250,000 |
| NgoLwesibili omnyama | Oktobha 29 | 260.64 | 230.07 | -12% | 16,410,000 |