Yintoni eyenza iRooms Twenty Roar?
I-1920s iyineminyaka elishumi apho uqoqosho lwaseMelika lwandisa ama-42 ekhulwini. Ukuveliswa kweMisa kusasaza iimpahla ezintsha zabathengi kuyo yonke indlu. Amashishini amashishini amashishini kunye neenqwelo-moya zamanje. Ukunqoba kwe-US kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I kwanika ilizwe ithuba lokuqala lokuba namandla ehlabathi. Amajoni abuyela ekhaya evela eYurophu azisa nombono omtsha, amandla kunye nezakhono. Wonke umntu waba ngumtyalo-mali ngenxa yokufikelela lula kumboleko. Lobu bubuthathaka obufihlakeleyo obunceda ekubangela ukuba iNdlupheko enkulu .
01 Ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokuPhuma
Umyinge wemali isuka kwi-$ 6,460 ukuya kwi-8,016 kumntu ngamnye. Kodwa le mpu melelo ayizange ihanjiswe ngokulinganayo. Ngomnyaka we-1922, ipesenti ephakamileyo 1 yoluntu yabona i-13.4 pesenti yemali engenayo. Ngo-1929, i-14.5 yeepesenti.
I-United States iguqulwa ukusuka kwimveli ukuya koqoqosho lwezoqoqosho . Ukulima kwehla ukusuka kuma-18 ukuya kwi-12,4 ekhulwini loqoqosho. Imirhumo nganye ye-acre yaphakama ngama-40 ekhulwini, ngelixa iifama zefama zawa ngama-21 ekhulwini Ngowe-1929, umvuzo wonyaka wonyaka wawungama-273 kuphela kumafama, kodwa i-$ 750 ngomntu ngamnye. Ngelo xesha, iimveliso ezintsha zathumela ukuveliswa kwempahla yabathengi.
Umkhiqizo wangempela wezilwanyana zasekhaya wawulandelayo .
- 1920: ii-687.7 zamawaka ezigidi
- 1921: iiRandi ezingama-671.9 zeebhiliyoni
- Ngowe-1922: i-$ 709.3 yezigidigidi
- 1923: iiRandi ezingama-802.6 zeebhiliyoni
- 1924: i-827.4 yezigidigidi zeedola
- 1925: i-$ 846.8 yezigidigidi
- Ngowe-1926: i-$ 902.1 yezigidigidi
- 1927: i-$ 910.8 yezigidigidi
- 1928: i-$ 921.3 yezigidigidi
- 1929: i-$ 977 yezigidigidi
02 I-Stock Market
Esinye isizathu sokuqhaqhaqhayisa kwakubangelwa ukuveliswa kwemali. Abakwa-Stockbrokers baqalisa ukuvumela abathengi ukuba bathenge amasheya "kumgama." Abathengi baza kuboleka ama-80-90 ekhulwini kwintengo yesitokisi. Abatyalomali kuphela bafuna ukubeka phantsi i-10-20 ekhulwini. Ukuba inani lentengo likhuphuke, baba ngama-million. Ukwenziwa kwale ndlela kwakunobuthathaka xa amaxabiso esitokisi awela ngexesha lowe- 1929 lwe-market crash .
03 Ibhanki
Olunye ubuthathaka kukuba iibhanki zazihlala zizikhokelo zobuxoki. Iitshekhi zazibalwa njengeendawo zokugcina ngaphambi kokuba zisuswe. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuhlolwa kwaphindwa kabini-kubalwa ngebhanki yokuthumela kunye nebhanki efumanayo.
04 Isiqendu seZenzo
1921 - UWarren Harding waba nguMongameli. Ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela ngoJulayi ngaphandle kokungenelela. I-Congress yenyusa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu kwi-10 ukuya kwi-12.5 ekhulwini. UMthetho wokuThunywa koMmandla woBuququzeleli wanciphisa inani labafuduki ukuya kuma-3 ekhulwini labantu abangama-1910 base-US.
1922 - Ukunciphisa ukunciphisa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu phezulu kuma-58 ekhulwini.
1923 - UCalvin Coolidge waba nguMongameli. Isiqu esithi "I-business of America yoshishino." Wanciphisa irhafu yerhafu engenayo yesizwe ukuya kuma-43.5 ekhulwini. INkundla ePhakamileyo yabuyisa umvuzo omncinci wabasetyhini eWashington, DC. Uqoqosho lwaqala ngoMeyi. Imarike yemasheya yaqala imarike yenkomo yesibini.
Ngowe-1924 - Ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela ngoJulayi. Umkhosi Womoya wenza
1925 - Intlawulo ephezulu yerhafu iyancipha ibe ngama-25 ekhulwini. Ireyithi yentlawulo yenkampani yenyuka iya kuma-13 ekhulwini. I-Hoover ilumkisa uColidlidge malunga nokuthengiswa kwemakethe ye-stock. Uninzi amazwe abuya kwizinga legolide . Ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-25 zeentsapho ziphethe imoto.
Ngowe-1926 - Ukunyuka komnotho kwaqala ngo-Oktobha. Ireyithi yentlawulo yenkampani yenyuka iya kuma-13.5 ekhulwini. URobert Goddard wenza i-rocket propulsion rocket, edala inzuzo ye-US ekukhuseleni . Amafama angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 ahambela ezixekweni, kodwa abantu abayizigidi ezi-1 kuphela bafudukela kwimimandla yasemaphandleni.
Ngowe-1927 - Ukunyuka kwemali kwaphela ngoNovemba emva kokuba i- Fed inciphise isaphulelo sesaphulelo ukusuka kuma-4 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-3.5 ekhulwini ngo-Septemba. UCharles Lindbergh wagijima wenyuka esuka eNew York waya eParis ngoMeyi 20-21.
Ngowe-1928 - Amanani e-Stock aphakama ngamaphesenti angama-39 Ukuyeka ukucatshungulwa, i-Fed yaphakamisa izinga lokuphuhlisa ukusuka kwi-3.5% ukuya kwi-5 ekhulwini. Kwakhona kuthengisa iimali kwiibhanki njengenxalenye yemisebenzi yayo yemarike evulekileyo . Owasusa imali kwiindawo zabo zokugcina. Amanye amazwe asabele ngokunyusa amazinga, nangona awakhiwa kwakhona kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Ngelo xesha, iColidlidge inciphise izinga lokuhlawula irhafu kwi-12 kwipesenti.
1929 - UHerbert Hoover waba nguMongameli. Wanciphisa intlawulo yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso kuma-24 ekhulwini, kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhlawula irhafu kwi-12 ekhulwini. Ukugqithisa okukhulu kwaqala ngo-Agasti, njengoko uqoqosho lwaqala ukuhla. NgoSeptemba, imarike yemasheya yafikelela kwinqanaba layo. Kwaphazamiseka ngo-Oktobha 24. Ngethuba leenyanga, uGraf Zeppelin wagqiba uhambo lokuqala lokujikeleza.
05 Kutheni ama-1920 ayaziwa ngokuba yi-Roaring Twenty?
Icandelo loshishino lwenqwelomoya lucacile. Ngomnyaka we-1925, iKelly Kelly yagunyaza i-Post Office ukuba inikwe imvume yokuthunyelwa kwe-airmail. Ngomnyaka we-1926, uMthetho woRhwebo woMoya wagunyazisa iifayili zezorhwebo. Ukususela ngo-1926 ukuya ku-1929, inani labantu abahamba ngeenqwelo ezindiza kwanda ukusuka kwi-6,000 ukuya kwi-173,000. IMfazwe Yehlabathi I iqhube ukuphuhliswa kwendiza. Amanqwanqwa amaninzi abuyelayo ayenamagosa afanele ukubonisa izakhono zabo ezihamba ngeenqwelo ezihambayo kwilizwe lonke "i-barnstorming."
Icandelo loshishino lwandise kakhulu. Kwakungenxa yokuveliswa kukaHenry Ford komgca wendibano. Ihla yexabiso le-Ford lamaxabiso angama-80 ephakathi kuka-1909-1929. Umzekelo T wabiza i-300 kuphela. Kwakhona, ezininzi iintsapho zingathengwa ngetyala. Ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi, iimoto ezigidi ezingama-26 zabhaliswe. Ngowokuqala, abafazi babesemva kwesondo.
Ukwandiswa kwemboni yemoto kwenzile inzuzo yoqoqosho kubo bonke. Oorhulumente basebenzisa i-$ 1 billion ukuze bakhe iindlela ezintsha, amabhuloho kunye nezibane zendlela. Izikhululo zeGesi, ii-motels kunye neevenkile zavela kubaqhubi benkonzo abaye bafikelela emide imida. Icandelo le-inshurensi longeza ukhuseleko olubi kwizithuthi kunye nabanikazi babo. Amabhanki nawo azuzwa ngokuboleka abanikazi bamatsha abatsha.
06 Yintoni Enye Eyenzekayo?
Ngo-Agasti 18, 1920, abafazi bafumana ilungelo lokuvota eMelika. Yilapho i-ratified ratified the 19th Amendment kuMgaqo-siseko. Oko kuxhotyiswa kwamandla amaninzi kumanqanaba amaninzi kuluntu. Abantu ababizwa ngokuthi i-flappers bawaphula iinwele zabo, bembethe iingubo ezincinci, baza bazimela ngokwezimali.
I-1917 yaseRussia Revolution yafaka ukwesaba kokusasazeka kobukhomanisi kunye nokungazinzi. NgoSeptemba 1920, ukuhlaselwa kwamagorha eWall Street kwenzeka. Intlangano ye-Italian antiarchist yayikholelwa ukuba iyisenzo sobubi. Ngo-1921, iSigco noVanetetti bagwetywa ngokubulala nokuphanga eBoston. Ubungqina obunxulumene nabo bebuyi-ironclad. Kodwa babengamalungu entlangano efanayo ye-Italy. (Umthombo: "Uqoqosho lwemihla ngemihla 1919 - 1930," i-California State University, Northridge.)