Ireyithi yeSaphulelo se-Federal Reserve

Impembelelo kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo

Isilinganiselo seSikethi sokuShutshwa kweSigungu seNgcaciso ye-Federal Reserve yimalini yebhanki enkulu yase-United States ihlawulisa iibhanki zalo amalungu ukuba zibole kwiwindow yokuphulukisa yayo ukuze igcine indawo efunekayo. I- Federal Reserve Ibhodi yabaPhathi baphakamisa izinga ukuya kuma-2,25 ekhulwini, ngo-Matshi 21, 2018.

Kukho amaxabiso amathathu okuhlawula:

1. Ixabiso lokubambisa ixabiso lokuthenga ngetyala ngumyinge wesantya osisiseko esityelwe kwiibhanki ezininzi Kuphakamileyo kunezinga lemali elondliwe . Isilinganiso sokusaphulelo samanje si-2.25 pesenti.

1. Isantya sesibini semali-mboleko yinqanaba eliphakamileyo elihlawulwa kwiibhanki ezingahlangabezananga neemfuno ezifunekayo ukufezekisa izinga eliphambili. Ngama-2.75 ekhulwini. Ngokuqhelekileyo isiqingatha seyona ndawo ephezulu kunezinga lokuthenga ngetyala. Nazi ezinye iinkqubo eziziiprayimari nezesekondari.
2. Umlinganiselo wonyaka weebhanki zentlalo ezincinci ezifuna ukuxhaswa kwexeshana kwiimali zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuboleka zendawo. Oku kungabandakanya imali-mboleko kumafama, abafundi, ii-resorts nezinye izinto zonyaka. Nazi ezinye iinkqubo kwi-season rate discount.

Kutheni iibhanki zifuna ukuboleka kwiwindow yeSaphulelo seFed? I-Federal Reserve ifuna ukuba babe nexabiso elithile kwintlawulo nganye ngobusuku bonke, eyaziwa njengemfuneko yokugcina indawo . Amabhanki ahlawulwe kakhulu ngaloo mini afuna ukuboleka imali ngeentuku zobusuku ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno zokugcina. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baboleka omnye komnye. I-Fed inikezela iwindi yokuphuhlisa njengemva emva kokuba bengenakufumana imali kwenye indawo.

Kutheni iFed idinga indawo yokugcina? Ngokwengxenye ukugcina i-solvency, kodwa ngokuyininzi ukulawula imali, i-credit kunye nezinye iinjongo zemali ebhanki. Imfuno ephezulu yokugcina ibhanki kuthetha ukuba ibhanki inemali encinane yokuboleka. E kubeni kunzima kakhulu kwiibhanki ezincinci (ngaphantsi kwama-$ 12.4 yezigidi kwiifomethi), ziyaxolelwa kwiimfuno.

Akudingeki ukuba bakhathazeke ngokusebenzisa iwindow yokunciphisa.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

IKomidi yeSouthern Market Market ngumphathi we-Fed. Le komiti idibana namaxesha asibhozo ngonyaka. Amalungu ayavota ukutshintsha izinga lokunyusa imali xa ibhanki ephakathi ifuna ibhanki ukuba ibole enye okanye ngaphantsi. IBhodi yeBhodi yamaGunya idla ngokutshintshisa izinga lokunciphisa ukuhlala lihambelaniswe nemilinganiselo yemali eyondliwe.

Umzekelo, isaphulelo esiphezulu sithetha ukuba kubiza kakhulu ukuba baboleke imali, kwaye ke banako imali encinane yokuboleka. Nangona bengabakhokhi kwiwindow ye-Fed isaphulelo, bafumanisa ukuba zonke iibhanki ziye zaphakamisa iintlawulo zabo zokuboleka. I-Fed iphakamisa izinga lesaphulelo xa ifuna ukuba zonke izantya zemali zikhuphuke. Oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo-mali we-contractionary , kwaye ibhanki ephakathi isebenzisa ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Oku kunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwemali , kuphucotha ukuboleka, kwaye ngoko kuncipha ukukhula koqoqosho.

Okuchaseneyo kuthiwa ngumgaqo-mali wezandiso , kwaye iibhanki eziphambili zisebenzisa okokukhuthaza ukukhula. Ukunciphisa izinga lokunciphisa, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhanki kufuneka zinciphise iirhafu zenzalo ukuba zincintisane. Oku kwandisa ukunikezwa kwemali, ukuhlawula imali, nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho.

I-Fed ifumane ubuninzi bezinye iinjongo zokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ukuboleka kwebhanki.

Enyanisweni, imisebenzi yayo yemarike evulekileyo yintsebenzo enamandla kakhulu engaziwa njengezinga lokunciphisa okanye ukunyusa izinga lemali. Yilapho i-Fed ithenga iziqinisekiso ezivela kwiibhanki xa ifuna ukuba izinga liwe kwaye lizithengise xa lifuna amaxabiso aphakame. Ukuthenga amasheya, umzekelo, uwasusa nje kwiibhanti zeebhanki kwaye ubatshintshe ngekhredithi ukuba yenziwe nje ngomoya ococekileyo. Ekubeni kunika ibhanki imali engaphezulu yokuboleka, ikulungele ukunciphisa intlawulo yenzalo ukubeka imali ukuba isebenze.

Isaphulelo seSaphulelo ngeNqanaba leMali yeFunds

Ixabiso lokunciphisa ngokuqhelekileyo liphezulu yecandelo lepesenti ngaphezu kwexabiso lemali elondayo, kuba iFom ikhetha ibhanki ukuba ibolekane. Ngokuqhelekileyo iguqulwa yiBhodi yeBhodi yeBhodi yokuBamba ngokubambisana neenguqu ze-FOMC kwizinga lokuxhaswa kwemali.

Ngomhla ka-Agasti 17, 2007, iBhodi ye-Fed yenza isigqibo esingavamile sokunciphisa izinga lokunciphisa ngaphandle kokunciphisa isamba semali. Yenza oku ukubuyisela ukuthengiswa kwemali kwiimarike zobusuku obusuku. Wazama ukulwa nokungabi nantembeko kweebhanki ezazisane. Abazange bazimisele ukuboleka omnye nomnye kuba akukho mntu wayefuna ukunamathela kunye nezinye iimali zokuthenga imali.

Indlela iRhafu yeRhafu echaphazela ngayo uqoqosho

Isaphulelo sokusaphulelo sichaphazela zonke ezinye iirhafu:

• Ibhanki yerhafu yenzalo ihlawulana enye inyanga, inyanga ezintathu, inyanga ezintandathu kunye neminyaka-mboleko yeminyaka. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yiLibor , kwaye kuyachaphazela ikhadi lekhredithi kunye nezinga lokuguqula imali .
• Ibhanki yemali ihlawulisa abathengi abahamba phambili, eyaziwa njengezinga lokuqala . Oku kuyachaphazela zonke ezinye iirhafu.
• I-akhawunti yokulondoloza kunye nemilinganiselo yemirhwebo yemarike.
• Imilinganiselo yee-mortgages kunye neengxowa-mboleko zithintela ngqo ngaphandle kwezinga lokunciphisa. Ziye zithinteka kakhulu kwizivuno kwiinkcukacha zeNondyebo zexesha elide.