Iibhanki zibolekisa njani i-$ 9 kwi-$ 10
EUnited States, iBhodi yeBhodi yeBhodi yokuLawula ilawula i-reserve requirements kwimabhanki amalungu. Ibhanki inokubamba ukugcinwa kwayo njengemali kwisigodlo sayo okanye njengediphozithi kwiBhanki yaseStar Reserve .
Imfuno yesigxina iyasebenza kwiibhanki zorhwebo, amabhanki okonga, ukugcinwa kwemibutho kunye nemibutho yemboleko .
Kwakhona ngamasebe ase-US kunye nee-arhente zamabhanki angaphandle, iinkampani ze-Edge Act, kunye neemvumelwano zenkampani.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
Imfuneko yendawo yokugcina isiseko kuzo zonke ezinye izixhobo ze-Fed . Ukuba ibhanki ayinayo ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nokugcina kwayo, iboleka kwezinye iibhanki. Ingakholeka kwakhona kwiWindows Reserve yokusaphula iwindi . Iibhanki zemali ezibolekayo okanye ezibolekayo omnye komnye ukufezekisa imfuneko yendawo yokugcinwa kwemali ibizwa ngokuba yimali ye-federal . Inzala abaxhasana ngayo ukuboleka iimali ezidliweyo yintlawulo yemali eyondliwe . Zonke iirhafu zenzalo zisekelwe kuloo nqanaba.
I-Fed isebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukulawula ukuthengwa kwemali kwinkqubo yezemali. Xa i-Fed iyanciphisa imfuneko yendawo yokugcina indawo, isebenzisa umgaqo-mali wezongeziweyo . Oko kudala imali engaphezulu kwinkqubo yeebhanki. Xa i-Fed iphakamisa imfuneko yendawo yokugcina, iqhuba umgaqo wokuchasana. Oku kunciphisa utywala kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi wezoqoqosho.
Ephakamileyo imfuneko yokugcina, inzuzo encinci ibhanki yenzayo nemali yayo. Imfuno ephezulu iyanzima ngakumbi kwiibhanki ezincinci. Ababanakho ukuboleka kakhulu kwindawo yokuqala. I-Fed ikhuphe iibhanki ezincinci kwimfuno. Ibhanki elincinci linye lingaphantsi kwezigidi eziyi-15.5 zama-deposit.
Ukutshintshwa kwemfuno yokugcina imali kuyabiza kwiibhanki. Ibenza ukuba baguqule iinkqubo zabo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Fed Board ayifuni ukutshintsha imfuneko yokugcina indawo. Esikhundleni saloo nto, ilungisa inani leentlawulo eziphantsi kweemfuno ezihlukeneyo zokufunwa kwempahla.
Iimfuneko zoLondolozo lweSigqeba
NgoJanuwari 18, 2018, i-Fed ihlaziywe itafile yayo yokufunwa kwendawo yokugcina. Kwakudingeka ukuba zonke iibhanki ezinezigidi ezili-122.3 kwi-deposit zigcine indawo yokugcina i-deposit 10. Ibhanki enezigidi ezili-16 ezigidi ukuya kwizigidi ezili-122.3 zimele zigcine iipesenti ezi-3 zazo zonke iifomiti. Ibhanki eneentlawulo zeedola ezili-16 okanye ngaphantsi azinayo imfuneko yokugcina indawo.
I-Fed iphakamisa inqanaba ledizithi eliphantsi kohlobo olufanayo olufikelela kunyaka. Oko kunika amabhanki ithuba lokukhuthaza. I-Fed inokuphakamisa i-tranche ephantsi kunye ne-exemption amount by 80 pesenti yonyusa kwidiphozithi kunyaka ongaphambili (Juni 30-Juni 30).
Iifosti zibandakanya idizithi zemali, ii-akhawunti zesevisi yokudlulisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye ne-akhawunti yangoku. Iifosti zikwabandakanya i- akhawunti yoluhlu lwee- akhawunti , umnxeba okanye i-akhawunti yokudluliselwa kwemvume engagunyazisiweyo, iimvume zebhanki ezingavumelekanga, kunye nezibophezelo ezikhutshwe ngababambisene abakhula ngeentsuku ezisixhenxe okanye ngaphantsi.
Ibhanki isebenzisa inani lemali. Oko kuthetha ukuba ababalanga iimali ezifunekayo ukusuka kwezinye iibhanki kunye naliphi na imali ekhoyo.
Ukususela ngoDisemba 27, ngo-1990, ixesha elingenalo-mali kunye neentlawulo ze-eurocurrency azifunanga ukuba zigcinwe.
Indlela Imfuneko yokuLondolozwa kweSigqeba echaphazela ngayo amaRhafu enzala
Iibhanki eziMbindi azilungelelanisi imfuneko rhoqo xa zishintshe umgaqo-mali . Zinamanye amathuluzi amaninzi aneempembelelo ezifanayo njengokutshintsha imfuneko yendawo yokugcina.
Ngokomzekelo, iKomidi yeSouthern Market Market ibeka ithagethi kwizinga leemali ezidityanisiweyo kwiintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba isantya semali esondliwe siphezulu, kubiza ngakumbi ukuba ibhanki iboleke omnye komnye ubusuku bonke. Eyona mpembelelo efana nokuphakamisa imfuneko yendawo yokugcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa i-Fed ifuna ukukhulula umgaqo-mali wexabiso kunye nokwandisa ukuthengiswa kwemali, iyanciphisa ixabiso lemali ekujoliswe kuyo. Oku kwenza ukuboleka imali kuhlawule imali. Unesiphumo esifanayo sokunciphisa imfuno yokugcina.
Nantsi ixabiso lokutya elikhoyo langoku .
I- Federal Reserve ayikwazi ukugunyaza ukuba iibhanki zilandele izinga layo elijoliswe kuyo . Esikhundleni saloo nto, lichaphazela iirhafu zebhanki ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yayo yemarike evulekileyo . I- Fed ithenga amasheya, ngokuqhelekileyo amanqaku e-Nondyebo , ukusuka kwiibhanki zamalungu xa ufuna ukuba izinga lokunyuka kweemali lihlulwe. I-Fed iyongeza i- credit kwiibhanki zokugcina imali ngokutshintshela ukhuseleko. Ekubeni ibhanki inqwenela ukubeka le ndawo yokugcina indawo ukuba isebenze, iya kuzama ukuboleka kwezinye iibhanki. Iibhanki zinciphisa umyinge wazo wenqanaba lokwenza njalo.
I-Fed iya kuthengisa iibhanki kwiibhanki xa ifuna ukunyusa izinga lokunyusa imali . Amabhanki aneemali ezincinci zokuboleka angakhulisa isantya semali. Ukuba indlela yokusebenza kwemakethe evulekile isebenza ngayo.
Ukuba ibhanki ayikwazi ukuboleka kwezinye iibhanki, inokuboleka kwi-Fed ngokwayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi ukuboleka kwiwindow esaphulelo. Uninzi lweebhanki ziyakukhusela oku. Kungenxa yokuba iFed ihlawulisa izinga lokunciphisa elincinci ngaphezu kwezinga lokuxhaswa kwemali. Ikwagxininisa ibhanki. Ezinye iibhanki azithathi enye ibhanki ikulungele ukuboleka kuyo. Bacinga ukuba ibhanki ineemboleko ezibi kwiincwadi zayo okanye enye ingozi.
Njengoko isantya semali esondliwe siphume, le mivuzo emine yenzalo iphakama:
- I-Libor yintlawulo yebhanki yerhafu enye enye inyanga, inyanga ezintathu, inyanga ezintandathu kunye neminyaka-mboleko yeminyaka. Amabhanki asekela amaxabiso abo kumakhadi-mboleko kunye ne -mortgage rate rate e-Libor.
- Ixabiso lokubaluleka inani leebhanki lihlawulise abathengi abahamba phambili. Ezinye iirhafu zemali zebhanki zingaphezulu kwamanye amakhasimende.
- Iirhafu zenzalo ezihlawulwe kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza kunye nemali yemarike yemali iyakwandisa.
- Iimali zokubolekwa kwemali kunye neengxowa-mboleko zithintele ngqo. Abatyalomali baqhathanisa le mboleko kwiimveliso kwixesha elide leNondyebo . Isantya semali esondliwe esiphezulu sinokuqhuba iSebe likaNondyebo livelise phezulu.
Ngexesha leengxaki zemali , i-Fed iyanciphisa isantya semali esondliwe. Amabhanki ayesenqwenela ukuboleka. Ukuxhaswa kwandisa ngokubanzi kwandisa imisebenzi yayo yemakethe evulekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokwenza umlinganiselo wokunciphisa . I-Fed ibuye isuse ezinye izibambiso ezingenakuncedo eziphathekayo ezivela kwiibhanki zamalungu.