I-FOMC iseka iinjongo zezinga lokuxhaswa kwemali emva kokuphonononga ulwazi lwangoku koqoqosho. Isantya semali esondliwa ngumyinge webhanki yamanani amabhanki ahlawulana ngokubambisana. Ezi mboleko zibizwa ngokuba yimali yokutya . Amabhanki asebenzisa le mali ukuze ahlangabezane nemfuneko yokugcinwa kwemibutho yaseburhulumenteni nganye ebusuku.
Ukuba abanako ukugcina okwaneleyo, baya kuboleka imali efunekayo.
Ekubeni iibhanki zibeka isantya, iFed empeleni ibeka ithagethi yale ntlawulo yesibalo ebalulekileyo. Ngokomthetho, iibhanki zinokubeka nayiphi na imfuno abayifunayo. Kodwa le nto ayifumanekanga ingxaki kwiFed. Amabhanki ahlangabezana nejoliso le-Fed ngoba i-Fed ibanika izikhuthazo ezinamandla zokwenza njalo.
Indlela amaConcer Convinces Banks aphakamisa ngayo iiRhafu zazo
Inkuthazo enkulu kunazo zonke yimisebenzi yemarike evulekileyo . Yilapho i-Fed ithenga okanye ithengisa i-securities, ngokuqhelekileyo i-US Treasury, ukusuka kwiibhanki zayo. Ngokubuyisela, longeza isikweletu, okanye lisuse iitaliti, kwiindawo zokugcina iimali.
Ukuba iFed ifuna ukunciphisa izinga lokunyusa imali, ithatha ukukhupha ngaphandle kwemithombo yebhanki kwaye ithathe indawo yabo ngetyala. Kufana nemali ebhanki. Ngoku ibhanki inamalungelo angaphezulu okwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo. Ibhanki inciphisa isantya semali esondayo ekubolekiseni iimali ezongezelelweyo kwezinye iibhanki.
Iya kuhlawula izinga eliphantsi njengoko kuyimfuneko ukulahla izibonelelo ezingaphezulu. Kungcono ukwenza iincenti ezimbalwa zibolekise ngaphezu kokuba zihleli kwi-ledger yayo engenakufumana nto.
I-Fed yenze into echaseneyo xa ifuna ukunyusa amaxabiso. Yongeza i-securities kwiindawo zokugcina ibhanki kwaye ithathe i-credit. Ngoku ibhanki kufuneka ibolekise imali yokutya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isinelisekile kwisandla ukuhlangabezana nemfuneko yokugcina loo busuku.
Ukuba iibhanki ezaneleyo ziboleka, abo bangabakhoka imali eyongezelelweyo bayakuphakamisa izinga lokunyusa imali.
I-Federal Reserve Bank yaseNew York ineedesiki yokuthengisa eyenza le mini. Iiplanga ezimbini zabahwebi kunye nabahlalutyi bagqithise amaxabiso omdla yonke imini. Kwimizuzu engama-30 yokuqala ngentsasa nganye, bahlengahlengisa umgangatho weemfanelo kunye nekhredithi kwiindawo zokugcina ibhanki ukugcina isantya semali esondliwe kwinqanaba elijoliswe kuyo.
I-Fed ibeka isilingi kwisantya semali esondliwe kunye nezinga lokunciphisa . Yiloo nto iFed ihlawulisa ibhanki eziboleka ngokuthe ngqo kwiwindow yokuphuhlisa . I-Fed ibeka isantya sokunciphisa esiphezulu kunezinga lokuxhaswa kwemali. Unokukhetha iibhanki ezibolekayo komnye. Isilinganiso sokunciphisa sichaza umda ophezulu kumlinganiselo weemali ezidliwayo. Akukho bhanki inokuhlawulisa izinga eliphezulu. Ukuba benza, ezinye iibhanki ziza kuboleka kwi-Fed.
Indlela iNkcenkcesha yezeMali yashintsha ngayo indlela i-Fed iphakamisa amaxabiso
I-Fed yayifanele isebenzise amanyathelo angaqhelekanga okubuyisela ukuthengiswa kwemali kwiCrisis Banking 2007 . Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2008, i-Fed yanciphisa izinga lokunyusa imali kwi-0.25 yeepesenti. Oku kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Wawugcina apho kwaze kwaba yilapho uqoqosho lwaluphephile. NgoDisemba 2015, liphakamisa izinga ukuya kuma-0.50 ekhulwini. Ngomnyaka kamva, wandisa ukwi-0.50 ekhulwini.
Ngo-2016, iphakanyisiwe ibe yi-0.75 yepesenti. IKomiti ikhulise isantya kathathu ngo-2017. Isantya semali esondayo samanje i-1.5 ekhulwini. IKomiti ithe iya kuphakamisa amaxabiso ukuya kuma-2,00 ekhulwini ngo-2018, i-2.50 ekhulwini ngo-2019, kunye ne-3.00 ekhulwini ngo-2020.
Inkathazo ngo-2008 yayinzima kangangokuba iFed yayidinga ukwandisa kakhulu imisebenzi yayo yemarike evulekileyo ukuze idibanise imali. Kwiminyaka emithandathu ezayo, ukunyuka kwamanani kwongezwa i-$ 2.6 trillion kwiingxowa-mali kwiibhanki. Amabhanki ayengasayi kubakhokelana komnye nomnye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugcina. Wonke umntu wayeneemali ezininzi. Oku kwagcina isantya malunga ne-0.13 yeepesenti, kakuhle kwi-Target target.
Ekubeni iibhanki zinemali eninzi, abanakho ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba baqokelele imfuno. Ngoko ke, i-Fed iza kwenza ezinye izinto ezimbini ukuphakamisa amaxabiso.
Okokuqala, iya kuphakamisa inzala ehlawulwayo ekuhlawuleleni kwiimfuno ezifunekayo kunye nezindleko ezingaphezulu. Amabhanki akayi kuboleka imali omnye komnye ngenani lentsikelelo elincinane kunokuba sele sele efumana iindawo zokugcina. Ebeka umgangatho kwisantya semali esondliwe.
ICongress yanika iGunya leli gunya kwi- Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act ka-2006 . Amabhanki egxeka ukuba ahlawulwa ngenxa yokuba abafumananga nzala kwimigangatho yabo. Ekuqaleni, yaqala ukusebenza ngo-Oktobha 1, 2011. Kodwa uMthetho woQinisekiso loQoqosho kwezoPhuhliso luka-2008 wawusushukumisela ukuya ngo-Oktobha 1, 2008, ekuphenduleni inkathazo yezemali.
Okwesibini, iFed iya kuphakamisa izinga lentengo kwi- rest reos . Esi sixhobo esitsha seFed senziwe ukuba silawulwe ukulawula isantya semali esondliwe. I-Fed "iboleka" imali kwiibhanki zayo ilungu ngobusuku. Isebenzisa i-Treasury ithobile njengonobumba. Ayikho mboleko yangempela kuba akukho mali okanye i-Treasurys ishintsha izandla. Kodwa, i-Fed iyifaka inzala kwimali yeebhanki ngomhla olandelayo. Oku kulawula umlinganiselo weengxowa-mali ezondliwe ngenxa yokuba iibhanki aziyi kuboleka omnye kumlinganiselo ophantsi kunokuba zifumana ukuhlala ngokutsha.