Kutheni i-E.coli isetyenziselwa i-Gene Cloning

by Theresa Phillips

I-Microorganism eninzi enezinto ezintle

I-microorganism Escherichia coli inomlando omdala wokusetyenziswa kwimboni ye-biotechnology kwaye kuseyi-microorganism ekhethiweyo yezinto ezininzi zokuhlolwa kwemizimba. Nangona u- E. coli eyaziwa ngabantu bonke ngokusasazeka kolunye uhlobo (0157: H7) abantu abambalwa bayazi ukuba i- E. coli iphilisayo kwaye iyanceda njani uphando lofuzo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi uE E. coli esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye usengummiselo oqhelekileyo we - DNA.

01 Ukulula

Iibhaktheriya zenza izixhobo ezincedo zophando lwezofuzo ngenxa yobukhulu babo obukhulu be-genome ngokuthelekiswa nama-eukaryoti. Iiseli ze- E. coli zineendawo eziphilayo ezingama-4,400 kanti iprojekthi ye-genome yomntu iye yaqinisekisa ukuba abantu baqulethe malunga neentsuku ezingama-30,000. Kwakhona, iibhaktheriya, kuquka u- E. coli , zihlala ubomi babo bonke kwiimeko ze-haploid (ezineesikromosomes ezingenakunyulwa). Ngenxa yoko, akukho sigaba sesibini se-chromosomes ukufihla imiphumo yenguqulelo ngexesha lovavanyo lweeprojekthi zobunjineli .

02 Ukukhula kwezinga

Iibhaktheriya zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunezinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-E. coli ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwisantya esinye isizukulwana ngemizuzu engamashumi amabini phantsi kweemeko zokukhula eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuvumela ukulungiswa kwe-log-phase (kwindlela ephakathi ukuya kwizinga eliphezulu) kunye neenkcubeko ngokubambisana kunye neziphumo zokuhlola iimfuzo kwiiyure nje nje kwiintsuku eziliqela, iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kubhekiselele kumazinga omgangatho wokuvelisa xa kukho iikhompyutha ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkqubo zokuqothula .

03 U khu seleko

I-E. coli ifunyanwa ngokwemvelo kumaphepheni omathumbu abantu kunye nezilwanyana apho kunceda ukubonelela izondlo (iivithamini K kunye neB12). Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze- E. coli ezinokuvelisa i-toxins okanye zenze amanqanaba ahlukeneyo osulelekileyo xa atywala okanye avunyelwe ukuhlasela ezinye iinxalenye zomzimba. Nangona idumela elibi lenye ingxaki enobuthi (O157: H7), u- E. coli ngokuqhelekileyo unobungozi xa kuphathwa ngokucoca.

04 I-E. Coli Genome Iyakwazi Ukuqonda

I-genom ye- E. coli yowokuqala ukulandelwa ngokupheleleyo (ngo-1997). Ngenxa yoko, u- E. coli yiyona nto incinci ye-microorganism. Ulwazi olusondeleyo lweendlela zokubonakalisa iprotheni zalo lwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iimvavanyo apho kubonakala khona iiprotheni zangaphandle kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokubuyisela.

05 Amandla okusingatha iDNA yangaphandle

Uninzi lwezakhi zodidi lwezinto zenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kweli bhakethi kwaye ziphumelele okanye ziphumelele kwi- E. coli kunamanye ama-microorganms. Ngenxa yoko, ukulungiswa kwamaseli afanelekileyo (amaseli aza kuthatha iDNA yangaphandle) ayinzima. Ukuguqulwa namanye ama-microorganisms kaninzi kuphumelela.

06 E Coli Kulula Ukunyamekela

Ngenxa yokuba ikhula kakuhle emanzini omntu, u-E. coli ufumanisa kulula ukukhula apho abantu banokusebenza khona. Umzekelo:

Eyona nto ikhululekile kwiqondo lokushisa lomzimba. Nangona i-98.6 degrees ingabafudumala kubantu abaninzi, kulula ukugcina loo bushushu kwibhubhoratri.
U-E. coli uhlala emanzini omntu, oko kuthetha ukuba akayikukhathaza ngokutya kwayo. Eyona nto, kuyonwabile ukutya nayiphi na uhlobo lokutya kwangaphambili.
Ingakwazi ukukhula kokubili ngokuziqhelanisa kunye ne-anaerobically. Ngako oko, inokuphindaphinda emanzini omntu okanye isilwanyana kodwa uyavuya ngokufanayo kwisitya se-petri okanye i-flask.

Indlela E. Coli Yenza Umehluko

E. Coli yinto ebonakalayo echanekayo kwiingcali zezofuzo; ngenxa yoko, sele ivelise uluhlu olumangalisayo lwamachiza kunye nobuchwepheshe. Kuye, ngo-Popular Mechanics, yinto yokuqala ye-bio-computer: "Kwi-E. coli" i-transcriptor, "eyenziwa ngabaphengululi beYunivesithi yaseStanford kule nyanga eyedlulileyo, umgca we-DNA uhlala kwi-wire kunye ne-enzymes kwii-electron. Kungenjalo, eli liyinyathelo ekujoliseni ukwakhiwa kweikhomputha zokusebenza ngaphakathi kweeseli eziphilayo ezinokucwangciswa ukulawula ukubonakalisa i-gene kwizinto eziphilayo. " Umdlalo onjalo unokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa komzimba oqondwa kakuhle, kulula ukusebenzisana nawo, kwaye ukwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.