Nangona kunjalo, yonke imimiselo kunye nezilingo ukuya kumhla zibandakanya unyango lwama-somatic cell .
Okokuthi, batshintsha kuphela i-genetics yamaseli kwisigulane ngaphandle kwesigxina se- germ okanye iiseli zeqanda.
I-Germline Gene Treatment
Ulwaphulo lweGenes kwiiseli ze-germline luvelisa iingxabano ezininzi kuba kukho nayiphi na inguqu eyenzayo (ekubeni inzala ifumana iDNA esebenzayo). Oku kwenza ukuba kwenzeke, umzekelo, ukuba ungagcini nje ukulungisa i-defect ye-genetic defect eyenza i-bubble boy syndrome kwisigulane, kodwa kwakhona ukuphelisa isiphene ngokusisigxina kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo zentsapho. Lo mzekelo uyisifo esingaqhathaniswa nesifo se-genetic kodwa kukho ezinye ezininzi, umzekelo, isifo sikaHuntington okanye i-Duchenne muscular dystrophy, eyaziwayo kunye kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ziyaqedwa kwiintsapho ezijongene nalezi ngxaki.
Nangona ukupheliswa kwesifo ngokupheleleyo kwintsapho kuyinzuzo ephawulekayo, ukuxhalaba kukuba, ukuba kwenzeka into engalindelekanga (njenge-leukemia yaziswa kwezinye zeqela lokuqala labantwana abaphathwayo ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwe-immune usetyenziso lweendlela zonyango) , ingxaki yemfuza idluliselwa kubantwana abangakazalwa kwezizukulwana ezizayo.
Ukukhathazeka ngokuphathelele ukuphazamiseka kwezityalo zephene okanye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo kwizizukulwana ezizayo ngokuqinisekileyo zimelele ngokwaneleyo ukunqamla nayiphi na ingqwalasela yonyango lwe-genetic ye-genetic kodwa iimpazamo aziyiyo kuphela yinkinga.
Ukuphucula i-Genetic akukhathazeki ngoku
Enye inkxalabo kukuba le ndlela yokusebenzisa i-manipulation inokuvula ithuba lokufaka izakhi zofuzo ukuze zibonelele ezibonakalayo ezinobuncedo, ezifana nokukhushulwa kwengqondo, ukuthambekela kokuphakama, okanye imibala yamehlo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuziphatha okuxhalabileyo ngokusebenzisa le teknoloji yokuphucula i-genetic akuyona umbuzo osebenza ngokukhawuleza njengokuba inzululwazi ayinayo ingqiqo eyaneleyo yokuvelisa i-genetics echaphazelekayo kwintlobo yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwenzela ukuba unyango lwezityalo lujonge ukutshintsha nawuphi na kubo kufezekiswa kweli nqanaba.
Iingxabano malunga neMpilo yeJerman kunye neScientific Method
Ngasekupheleni kwee-1990 kwakukho ubungakanani obukhulu beengxoxo malunga nokuxhamla kwe-germline gene andrapy kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha ezihamba kunye nazo. Kwakukho amanqaku amanqaku abhekisana nalo mbandela kwiNdalo kunye neNcwadi yeSizwe yeCancercer Institute. I-American Association yoPhuculo lweNzululwazi yada yaququzelela iForam kwiZingenelelo zoLuntu kwiJamani ngo-1997, apho abameli bezenzululwazi nabanokwenkolo babonakala bejolise kwizinto ezifanele ukuba zenzeke okanye akufanele zenziwe, kunokuba imeko yenzululwazi yangoku.
Okuthakazelisayo, nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxubusho encinane yeengcambu zentsholongwane. Mhlawumbi intlungu kaJese Gelsinger, owafa ngenxa yesiganeko esinzima sempendulo ngexesha lovavanyo lwezonyango kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania ngo-1999, kwaye uphuhliso olungalindelekanga lwe-leukemia kunye neentsana eziphathwe ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwe-immune ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwinqanaba elithile lokuthobeka, kwaye kwavelisa ukuxabisa ngakumbi kolawulo olucwangcisekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokulumkisa.
Ukugxininiswa kwangoku kubonakala kuninzi ekuveliseni iziphumo eziqinileyo kunye neenkqubo ezizinzileyo zokuzakhela ngokuchasene nokunyusa imvulophu phambili ekufezekiseni ukunyanga okutsha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iziphumo ezimangalisa ziza kwenzeka kodwa, ukuvelisa unyango olukhuselekileyo nolunophepheko, ezininzi iinkqubo ezinzulu, ezitshintshileyo kunye nezifundo zenzululwazi ezifunekayo.
Ixesha elizayo lokuPhatha kweJerman
Njengoko inkqubela phambili ekuhambeni kwentsimi, nangona kunjalo, kunye nokuphathwa komzimba kubonakala kunamandla, kuqikelele, kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo umbuzo we-germline therapies uya kuvela kwakhona. Abaninzi sele benokuhlula ngokucacileyo izikhokelo kunye nezikhokelo kwizinto ezivumelekileyo okanye kungenjalo. Ngokomzekelo, icawa yamaKatolika iye yakhupha izikhokelo ezithile malunga nohlobo lwe-gene ulwaphulo olubonakala lufanelekileyo.
Bambalwa babeya kuba neengqiqo ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqwalasele ukulingwa kwezilwanyana zonyango namhlanje ezinikwe ukuqonda kwethu okuncinane kwenkqubo enzima kakhulu.
Nangona abaphandi e-Oregon bafuna iinjongo ezikhethekileyo zonyango lwegciwane le-germine elitshintsha nje i-DNA ecaleni kwi-mitochondria. Nangona lo msebenzi, ke, ukhange ukugxeka. Ngaphandle kokuqonda okungcono kwe-genomics kunye nokuphathwa kofuzo ukususela ngovavanyo lwe-gene lokuqala lwe-gene, kusekho izikhala ezinkulu ekuqondeni.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba, ekugqibeleni, kuya kuba nezizathu ezinyanzelisayo zokuthatha izifo zentsholongwane. Ukudala izikhokelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonyango ekuza kulawulwa, nangona kunjalo, kuya kusekelwe kwiingcamango. Siyakwazi ukuqaphela nje ngekamva lethu nolwazi. Imeko yokwenene, xa ithe yafika, iya kuba yohlukile kwaye mhlawumbi ishintshe imibono yokuziphatha kunye nezesayensi.