Iindlela ezihlanu zoBawo bethu abasisiseko baKhusela
Isibhengezo soKhuseleka sikhusela le Melika yaseMelika. Isebenzisa icatshulwa eliqhelekileyo: "Sibona ezi nyaniso ukuba zibonakalise, ukuba bonke abantu badalwe ngokulinganayo, ukuba banikezwe nguMdali wabo ngamalungelo athile angabonakaliyo, ukuba phakathi kwabo kuBomi, inkululeko kunye nokuphandeleka Inwaba."
ISibhengezo saqhubeka, "Ukuze ukukhusela la malungelo, oorhulumente amiselwa phakathi kweMadoda, ethola amandla akhe amiselweyo kwimvume yolawulo."
OoBawo abaQalayo bamisela umgaqo wokuguqulwa komntu ukuba umnqweno womntu ngamnye ukuphandula ulonwabo akukhona nje ukuzinyanya. Yayinxalenye yento eyenza iinjongo kunye nobuchule. Ngokukhusela ngokusemthethweni ezi zithethe, uBawo oQalayo bamisela uluntu olukhangeleka kakhulu labo bafuna ubomi obungcono.
Kuya kubathengisi beSibhengezo, i-American Dream ingahlala iphumelele xa ingazange ikhutshwe "irhafu ngaphandle kokumela". AmaKumkani, abalawuli bemikhosi, okanye abatshabalali akufanele bathathe isigqibo kunye nentlawulo neminye imithetho. Abantu kufuneka babe nelungelo lokunyulwa kwamagosa ukuba babamele. Ezi nkokeli kufuneka zigcine imithetho ngokwazo kwaye zingenzi mithetho emitsha, ngokungekho mthethweni. Iingxabano zomthetho kufuneka zilungiswe yijaji kunokuba yi-whim ye nkokheli.
Isibhengezo sichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ilizwe kufuneka livunyelwe ukurhweba ngokukhululeka .
I-American Dream ikhusela ngokusemthethweni amalungelo onke aseMerika ukuba afumaneke amandla abo. Oko kuvumela ukuba banikele igalelo labo eluntwini. Inkolelo yokuba indlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili yesizwe kukukhusela ilungelo labahlali lokuphucula ubomi babo.
Ngomnyaka we-1931, umbhali-mlando uJacob Truslow Adams waqala ukuchaza ngokucacileyo i-American Dream. Wasebenzisa eli binzana kwincwadi yakhe ethi Epic of America . I-Adams 'isicatshulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukuba, "I-American Dream yilephupha yelizwe apho ubomi bufanele bube bhetele kwaye bucebile kwaye buzele wonke umntu, kunye nethuba ngalinye ngokwamandla okanye ukuphumelela."
I-Adams yaqhubeka yathi, "ayikho iphupha lemoto nemoto ephakamileyo kuphela, kodwa iphupha lokulungelelaniso loluntu apho umntu ngamnye kunye nomfazi ngamnye uya kukwazi ukufikelela kwisigxina esipheleleyo sokuba ngokusemandleni abo, kwaye baqaphele ngabanye oko bakuyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziimeko eziphilileyo zokuzalwa okanye isikhundla. "
I-American Dream "yintlawulelo yempumelelo ephambili." Ngaloo mlandulwazi waseFransi uAlexis de Tocqueville encwadini yakhe ethi Democracy in America . Wafunda isizwe saseMerika ngekhulu le-19.
Lo mkhangeli uthathe izigidi zabantu abafuduka kwiindawo zase-US. Kwakhona yimbono enyanzelisayo yezinye iintlanga. I-sociologist uEmily Rosenberg ichonge iinqununu ezinhlanu ze-American Dream eziye zabonisa kumazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe.
- Ukukholelwa ukuba ezinye iintlanga zifanele ziphendule ukuphuhliswa kweMelika.
- Ukholo kwi- economy market ezamahala .
- Inkxaso yeemvumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala kunye notyalo-mali olwangaphandle .
- Ukukhuthazwa kokuhamba kwamahhala kolwazi kunye nenkcubeko.
- Ukwamkela ukukhuselwa karhulumente kwamashishini abucala. (Umthombo: uEmily S. Rosenberg, Ukusasaza i-American Dream: Ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho nakwiNkcubeko ye-American 1890-1945 .)
Izinto ezi-3 ezenza ukuba i-American Dream ikwazi
I-American Dream yenziwe yenzeke ngolu hlobo olulungele ukuchuma, uxolo kunye nethuba. Nazi izinto ezintathu eziphambili zendawo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko.
Okokuqala, iUnited States inomhlaba omkhulu phantsi kolawulo olulodwa, ngenxa yesiphumo seMfazwe yombutho.
Okwesibini, iMelika inabamelwane abanomdla. Oku kungenxa yecografi. Isimo sezulu saseKhanada asibanda kakhulu kwaye iMexico iyashisa kakhulu ukudala izinsongelo ezinamandla kwezoqoqosho.
Okwesithathu, ubuninzi bemithombo yobutyebi bondla uhwebo lwe-US.
Ezi ziquka ioli, imvula, kunye nemithombo emininzi. Amadlelo amaninzi kunye neendawo eziphathekayo zikhuthaza ukuthutha. I-United States ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela ubutyebi bezinto zendalo ezomeleza ngayo uqoqosho kwaye lunika isizwe ukuba luqalise ukuhlolisisa isiqalo sawo samhlaba jikelele.
Ezi meko zakhuthaza abantu abadibeneyo ngolwimi, inkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nexabiso. Oku kwavumela abantu abahlukahlukeneyo ukuba bafumane inxaxheba yokukhuphisana. Iinkampani zase-US zisebenzisa i-innovative. Banobukhulu bemarike yokuhlola iimveliso ezintsha. Ngelo xesha, iindawo ezihlukeneyo zabantu zibavumela ukuba bavavanye iimveliso ze-niche. Le "bhodlela" yaseMerika ivelisa ingcamango engakumbi kuneyona nto incinci, inabantu abahlala kuyo. Impumelelo yeMerika inokuthi ibanjwe inxalenye yokuba neenzuzo zokuhlukahluka kwenkcubeko .
Imbali ye-American Dream
Ekuqaleni, iSibhengezo sidlulisela kuphela iLoto kwiimpahla zabamhlophe bepropati. Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango yamalungelo angenakunceda yayinamandla kangangokuba imithetho yongezwa ukunyusa la malungelo kumakhoboka, amabhinqa kunye nabanikazi bemihlaba. Ngale ndlela, i-American Dream yatshintsha i-America ngokwayo.
Kwiminyaka ye- 1920 , i-American Dream yaqalisa ukuhlengahlengisa ukusuka ekunene ukudala ubomi obungcono kwiminqweno yokufumana izinto eziphathekayo. Olu tshintsho lwachazwa kwi-noveli ye-Scott Fitzgerald, i -Great Gatsby . Kulo, umlingiswa uDaisy Buchanan uyakhala xa ebona iikhati zikaJay Gatsby, kuba "akazange abone ama-shirt afanele kangaka ngaphambili."
Inguqu eqhutywe ngekratshi yePhupha ayizange ifikeleleke ngokwenene. Omnye umntu wayehlala eninzi. Iphupha le -Great Gatsby "liyikamva elihle lelo xesha unyaka unyaka uhamba phambi kwethu. Kwakusasaza ke, kodwa oko akunakwenzeka - ngomso siza kuhamba ngokukhawuleza, solule izandla zethu ngaphezulu ... "Ukunyuka kubangele ukukhokelela kwemarike yempahla ye - stock market ka-1929 kunye nokuPhukisa koMkhulu .
Iinqununu zesizwe zitshilo ngokuziphendulela kwe-American Dream. UMongameli uLincoln unike ithuba elilinganayo kumakhoboka. UMongameli Wilson uxhasa amalungelo okuvota kwabasetyhini. Kwakhokelela ekugqithisweni kwe-19th Ulungiso kuMgaqo-siseko ngo-1918. UMongameli uJohnson wakhuthaza isiGaba se-VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oLuntu ka-1964. Oko kwagqitywa ukuhlukana ezikolweni. Ikhusela abasebenzi kubandlululo olusekelwe kubuhlanga; umbala; unqulo; ngesondo, okubandakanya ukukhulelwa; okanye isizwe. Ngowe-1967, wandisa lamalungelo kulabo abangaphezu kwama-40. UMongameli uBabri wasekela iingeniso zomthetho zesivumelwano somtshato kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulwabelana ngesondo.
Emva kweminyaka yama-1920, abaninzi abaongameli babesekela i-Dream Gatsby ngokuqinisekisa izibonelelo eziphathekayo. UMongameli uRoosevelt wongezelela ithuba elilinganayo lokuba ngumnini-mhlaba ngokudala uFannie Mae ukuba aqinisekise ukuthenga imali. IYilwayo Yelungelo Lwamalungelo Ezoqoqosho ikhuthaza, "... ilungelo lokuhlala izindlu ezifanelekileyo, emsebenzini owaneleyo ukuxhasa intsapho yakho kunye nokwakho, kumathuba emfundo kubo bonke kunye nonyango lwempilo jikelele."
URovelvelt wongezelela esithi, "Siye saqonda ngokucacileyo inyaniso ... ukuba inkululeko inkululeko ayiyi kuba khona ngaphandle kokukhuseleka koqoqosho kunye nokuzimela. ... Abantu abalambileyo, abantu abangaphandle komsebenzi yinto apho iidemokhrasi zenziwe. " Ngamanye amazwi, womeleza iLoto ukukhusela iMelika kwiNazism, yentlalo-ntsapho okanye kwi- communism . I-Bill ye-Bills ye-Second Unfinished Bill yafuna ukulungisa ukhuseleko lwasekhaya.
UMongameli uTruman wakha kule ngcamango emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. "Inkontileka yakhe yentlalo emva kweemfazwe" yayiquka iBill Bill. Yanikezela iidriji zekholejini ezixhasiwe nguRhulumente ukuba zibuyele iinqwelo. Ingcali yomgaqo-dolophu yaseMurban u-Matt Lassiter wachaza "isivumelwano" sikaTruman ngale ndlela: "... ukuba usebenze kanzima kwaye wadlala ngemithetho, ufanelwe izinto ezithile. Ufanelwe ukhuseleko kunye nendawo yokukhusela efanelekileyo kwaye ungabi naluxhala lonke ixesha usenokulahlekelwa yindlu yakho ukuba ibhujiswe. "
Ukuchuma kwe-US emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwavumela abantu ukuba balindele ezo zinto ngexesha lobomi babo. Ulawulo lwe- Bush kunye neClinton lisekela iphupha lobunikazi bendlu. Ngethuba lika-2008, uHillary Clinton wabonisa i- American Dream Plan . Oku kwakuquka ithuba lokuya kwikolishi, ukugcina umhlalaphantsi, ukuhlala kwikhaya, ukubonelela nge-inshurensi yempilo kubo bonke abantwana, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, nokufumana ukuchuma.
UMongameli uBbusiness wanika i-FDR ingcamango yokuba wonke umntu kufuneka abe nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo ezifikelelekayo . Wanciphisa ukubethelwa kwezinto ezininzi ngenxa yokwandisa iingeniso zengqesho kunye nokwandisa uncedo lukaRhulumente kwimali-mboleko yabafundi .
Kukho ukungavumelani ngaphezu kwencazelo ye- American Dream namhlanje . Abanye bacinga ukuba sibone ukuphela kwe-American Dream . Kodwa le ngcamango ekhuthazayo evela kuBawo oQalayo iya kuqhubeka iguquka. Bobabini ilungelo lokusukela ulonwabo kunye nelungelo lokungavumelani noko kuthetha ukuthini i-American Dream.