Iinkonzo kunye neNgxowankulu yee-Politiki zokuThunywa kweeNguqulelo zikaDonald Trump
NgoJanuwari 26, 2018, iTrump yakhipha isicwangciso sokufuduka. Kuza kunika umendo weminyaka eli-12 ukuya kubemi be-1.8 yezigidi zabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abafika e-United States ngokungemthetho njengabantwana.
Kuza kuthatha indawo yeProvenred Action Action for Childhood program.
Isicwangciso-mali sesibhiliyoni sama-25 biliyoni eludongeni kunye nomda waseMexico. Iphelisa umkhwa wokubamba nokukhupha. Ithintela amakhadi aluhlaza kwizizalwane ezikude ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Amakhadi aya kufumaneka kuphela kwabatshati kunye nabantwana. Esi sicwangciso siphela i-lottery visa lottery.
DACA
NgoJanuwari 9, 2018, iNkundla yeSithili sase-US eSan Francisco yalawula ukuba "abaphuphi" bakhuselwe. Abo bafanelekile kwi-DACA abakwazi ukuxoshwa kude kube yinto isombululwe enkundleni. Isigwebo sidlula isaziso sokuthi uya kugqiba iDACA ngoMatshi 5, ngo-2018. Intonga ifuna iCongress ukuba idale enye indawo.
I-DACA inikezela iminyaka emibini ukuxoshwa kokuthunjwa kwabafuduki abafanelekileyo. Abantu abafanelekile bangaphantsi kwe-31 abangeniswa ngokungekho mthethweni e-United States njengabantwana. UMongameli uBabri uqalise inkqubo ngolawulo luka-2012.
Ukususela ngoko, uye wanika i-787,580 "Iindondo" imvume yemisebenzi.
I-Cato Institute iqikelele ukuba ukupheliswa kwe-DACA kunokunciphisa uqoqosho lwama-dollar ayi-215 kwizigidigidi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Yiloo mali elahlekileyo yokuchitha imali ukusuka kwalaba bantu abatsha abaqeshwe.
Ukuhanjiswa kweBhan
NgoDisemba 4, 2017, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yavumela ukuba ulawulo lweTrump luqalise ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba ngexesha ukuqhutyelwa kweemali zokuqhubeka.
NgoSeptemba 24, 2017, iTrump yanikela izithintelo zokuhamba ukusuka kumazwe asibhozo.
- I-Chad - Ikhupha ii-visas ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ezoshishino kunye nezokuvakasha.
- I-Iran - Ikhupha ii-visas ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ezoshishino kunye nezokuvakasha. Ivumela abafundi ukuba batshintshe iifayili zeevakethi.
- I-Libya - Ikhupha ii-visas ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ezoshishino kunye nezokuvakasha.
- I-North Korea - Ikhupha abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kunye neefasta zokuvakasha.
- ISomalia - Ikhusela ii-visa ezivela kwelinye ilizwe ngaphandle kwalawo osapho kunye nosana olufuna unyango.
- ISiriya - Ikhupha iifayili ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ezoshishino kunye nezokuvakasha.
- I-Venezuela - Ukunqanda i-visa yezoshishino kunye nabasebenzi bekarhulumente kunye neentsapho zabo.
- I-Yemen - Ikhupha iifayili ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ezoshishino kunye nezotyelelo.
Utshintsho lwaxhomekeke kumazwe athotyelwe kumanyathelo okukhusela okucetywayo.
Ngo-Oktobha 17 no-18, ngo-2017, iinkundla zentlanganisela zancinci iinxalenye zikaMongameli uTrump zokuvalwa. Abagwebi bathi ukuvinjelwa kwamazwe amaninzi kumaMuslim akuhambisani nomgaqo-siseko. Bachaza amagama kaTrump ukuba aphelise ukuba i-Chad, Iran, Libya, eSomalia, eSyria, eSiriya naseYemen zisekelwe kwinkolo.
I-order yangokugqibela yeTrump ishintshile into ayayayinayo ngoMatshi 6, ngo-2017. Yavimbela iifowuni kubemi abavela kumazwe amathandathu. BabengamaSiriya, iIran, iLibya, iSomalia, iSudan, neYemen. Zizo "ngamazwe okuxhalabisa" ngokubhekiselele kumthetho we-2016 ngokubhekiselele kwii-visa zokufuduka.
Ukuvinjelwa akuzange kubandakanye abanikazi bekhadi eliluhlaza elingu-500 000 (abemi abahlala ngokusisigxina) kunye nabanikazi bama-visa abakhona. Kwakhona kwaxolela abadibanisi kunye namalungu emibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Kwafuneka ukuba isebenze ngo-12: 00 ngomhlaka-16 Matshi kwaye ihlale iintsuku ezingama-90. Ukuvinjelwa kwamiswa ngumyalelo wenkundla ephantsi. Umyalelo uthathe indawo enye iTrump isayine uJanuwari 27, 2017.
Ababaleki
Ngo-Oktobha 24, ngo-2017, ulawulo lweTrump lwavumela ababaleki kuzo zonke iilizwe ezili-11. Kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ezalandelayo, ababaleki bavela kumazwe kufuneka babonise ukufika kwabo kuya kuba "inzala kazwelonke" e-US. Ii-arhente zase-US zokhuseleko ziza kuhlolisisa ingongoma loo mazwe ahlala kuyo Ulawulo aluzange lukhuphe obala amagama alawo mazwe angama-11. Elinye igosa lathi baphawula ngamaphesenti angama-63 ababaleki.
Oku kulandela umyalelo wecandelo loLawulo lweMatshi 6, 2017 olwenqabela ababaleki kwiintsuku ezili-120 ngaphandle kokuba sele sele zicwangciselwe ukuhamba.
Ukhuseleko lwasekhaya luye lwahlaziya inkqubo yokufaka isicelo sokukhusela naluphi na ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngamaphekula. I-Trump icwangcise ukunciphisa inani lababaleki labamkelweyo ukuya kuma-50,000 ngonyaka. Abagwebi baseGermany bahlala kuloo miyalelo. Oko kwanika iSebe likaRhulumente amandla okwandisa inani lababaleki ukuya kuma-70 000 ngo-2017.
Udonga kwiBorder kunye neMexico
UMongameli uTrump wathembisa ukwakha udonga kumda waseMelika kunye neMexico. Izibalo zibonisa udonga luphela aluyikuyeka ukuwela emthethweni eMexico. Nangona ukuphumelela, bekuya kuyeka isigxina sokungena kwamanye amazwe ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ixilongo lathembisa ukunyanzelisa iMexico ukuba lihlawule. Ukuba wenqatshelwe, wayesongela ukutshintsha umgaqo phantsi kwe-USA Patriot Act. Oku kuya kuthatha imali ye- Western Union yokuthunyelwa eMexico evela kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe e-United States ngokungemthetho. Ibhanki ephambili yaseMexico inika ingxelo yokuba ifumene iiligidi ezingama-25 zamaRandi ukusuka phesheya. Akukho zibalo ezichanekileyo malunga nokuba zininzi zivela kwi-immigrants yase-US.
Ekubeni iMexico ingavumi ukuhlawula udonga, uMongameli uTrump wabuza iCongress ukuba ifanele imali. Wayeza kucela iMexico ukuba ayihlawule kamva. (Umthombo: "I-Trump icela iCongress, Not Mexico, ukuba ihlawule umda weBorder Wall," i-CNN Politics, uJanuwari 6, 2017.)
Amaphabliki amaninzi aphikisana nodonga lomda. Abo bavela eCalifornia, eArizona, eNew Mexico naseTexas babhekana nemiphumo emibi. Bathi udonga aluyi kusebenza, ngokukodwa ngaphandle kwemikhosi yokhuselo. Abanye bacinezeleka malunga nefuthe kwimeko yelizwe labo. Iidemokhrasi nazo zichasene nodonga.
I-H-1B Visa Programme
Ngo-Epreli 19, 2017, uTrump wasayina umyalelo olawulayo ukucela iSebe lezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya ukuhlaziya inkqubo ye-visa ye-H-1B. Ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafudumi abanezakhono abafumana imali kakhulu bafumana iivas. Akafuni ukuba nawuphi na oya kumazwe angaphandle ahlawulwe ngaphantsi kowabo base-United States. Kungathatha iminyaka ukuhlaziywa kufuneka kwenziwe.
Umyalelo ukhankanywe kumaofisi ase-Indiya afana neTata Consultancy, Infosys kunye neWipro. Zifumaneka eUnited States, kodwa ziqeshe abaninzi abafudukayo baseIndiya. I-Facebook kunye neQualcomm nabo baninzi abasebenzisi be-H-1B visa. Iipesenti ezilishumi elinesihlanu zabasebenzi bazo ngabafuduki ngaphantsi kwenkqubo.
Ubunini bobuNtu boMzantsi Afrika kunye noThutho lwaBathunywa be-Immigration Service uthumela izicelo ezininzi ze-H-1B emva "kobungqina obuninzi." Ubuncinane ama-25 ekhulwini kwezicelo ziyanqatshwa ngokumalunga nama-20 ekhulwini kunyaka owedlule.
Ii- CEO zeSilicon Valley zixhalabisa ukuba iTrump ingayinqanda le nkqubo. UMthetho wokuThunywa koMbutho we-1990 unika ii-visa zesikhashana kwi-315,000 zabasebenzi abanezakhono. Iibini zantathu zazinxulumene nemisebenzi enxulumene nekhompyutha. Ezi nkampani ziza kulahlekelwa ngabasebenzi abalulekileyo ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-visa ye-H-1B. Oku kuya kuphazamisa impumelelo kwezinye iinkampani zaseMelika ezinenzuzo kakhulu.
Olunye uThutho lweMigudu yokuPhumelela
Kwidilesi yakhe ye-Union ye- 2017, iTrump yasungula iiNkqubela zokuThuthwa koLwaphulo-mthetho. Unceda amaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngabafokazi abasemthethweni.
NgoJuni 22, 2017, uTumpula wabuza iCongress ukukhusela bonke abafudukayo ukuba bafumane inhlalakahle kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala kwilizwe. Ukufuduka kwakuza kuthatha igunya lala mazwe ngubani okwangoku ogqiba ukuba ngubani ofanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zoncedo. I-Trump nayo iya kugxininisa imigaqo ekhanyela isimo sokufuduka kwabo babonakala ngathi "bayayifaka imirhumo karhulumente" kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yokufika kwabo.
Ngo-Agasti wesi-2, ngo-2017, ulawulo lweTrump lwamkela i- bill ye-Senate eyanqanda ukufuduka komthetho . Kuza kubaluleka abo babezimeleyo ngokwabo ngokwezimali, babenemakhono kakhulu kwaye bathetha isiNgesi. Kuya kukhanyela amakhadi aluhlaza kubantwana abadala kunye nezihlobo ezongezelelweyo zabanikazi bekhadi eliluhlaza.
Ukuba ibhili-mali yaba ngumthetho, iya kunciphisa inani lamakhadi ahlaza okwi-1 million ukuya kuma-638,000 kunyaka walo wokuqala. Inani lamakhadi aluhlaza asekelwe kwingqesho iya kuhlala kuma-140,000 ngonyaka. Amabini amabini amakhadi aya kwiintsapho, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 zisekelwe kwingqesho. Ezinye zikhutshwa ngeloti, kubabaleki nakwezinye iindawo. Le nkqubo ifana neenkqubo ezixhomekeke kwimilinganiselo e-Australia naseKhanada. Umthethosivivinywa unethuba elithile lokudlula. Kuya kufuna uninzi lwamavoti angama-60 kwi-Senate. Iidemokhrasi ziya kulichasa.
Ngo-Oktobha 8, 2017, ulawulo lweTrump lukhuphe uluhlu lwezicelo zokufudukela kwiCongress. I-wishlist icela i-$ 25 yezigidigidi zenkxaso-mali yodonga emngceleni waseMexico. Ufuna iCongress ukuba yenze ibhilikhwe ephathwayo nabantwana abangabandakanyekanga abavela kwiCentral American bafana nalabo baseMexico. Okwangoku bafumana ukhuseleko olukhulu. UTump ucele iCongress ukuba ingayibambeli imali yemali evela kwiidolophu "ezingcwele" . Abooomasipala abasebenzisani kunye nabasemagunyeni abasemagunyeni.
Ngomhla kaNovemba 1, 2017, wathi uya kuphelisa i-lottery eyahlukileyo kubantu basemzini abafuna i-visa zase-US. Kwakhona wacela iSebe likaRhulumente ukuba liqinise ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwabafuduki. Wayephendulela ekuhlaselweni kwamaphekula okwabulala abantu abasibhozo eNew York. Umhlaseli wayephumelele i-visa yakhe ngokusebenzisa i-lottery.
Ulawulo lweTrump ludinga ukuba amagosa okufudukela kwamanye amazwe athathe ingqalelo ukuba zininzi iinkonzo zoluntu ezifake izicelo zokuba ngabemi baseMzantsi Afrika. Isebe loKhuselo lwaseKhaya liyakuthi libukeke kakubi kulabo abasebenzisa iMedicaid, izitampu zokutya, kunye netyala lokufumana irhafu yengeniso. Ulawulo lukhetha abafakizicelo abazinzileyo ngokwezimali. Ngenxa yoko, nabafuduki bezomthetho bayakuphepha ukunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nezinye iinkonzo.
Iimveliso kunye nokuThengwa kweziCwangciso zeTrump
Iziko le-American Progress liqikelele ukuba ukuxoshwa kwabantu abaninzi kuya kunciphisa umkhiqizo wasekhaya wase-US ngama-1.4 ekhulwini. Eli qela lophando lwe-liberal liqikelela ukuba amafama aya kunzima ukufumana abasebenzi abenza umsebenzi. Kunoko, babeya kunyanzelwa ukuba banqumle imveliso yabo ukuze bahambisane nokuncishiswa kwabasebenzi.
I-Cato Institute ibike ukuba kuya kubiza i-$ 60 billion ukuxosha abantu abangama-750,000 bekhuselwe yi-DACA. Bafaka i-$ 28 yezigidi ngonyaka kwizoqoqosho.
Ukufuduka ngaphandle kokuhlawula ngokwabo. Abafuduki bafaka iiR6,6 trillion kuqoqosho ngonyaka. Kuloo, i-$ 35 yezigidigidi iyinzuzo enenzuzo kwiinkampani nakwindawo abahlala kuyo. Ezinye (iipesenti ezingama-97.8) zokukhula zibuyela kubasebenzi basemfudumeni njengomvuzo. Babuyisela iiligidi eziyi-25 zamawaka ezigidi kumalungu entsapho eMexico. Bachitha bonke eMelika.
Abasebenzi abazalwa ngamanye amazwe abakhokhalelana ngqo nabafuduki bemisebenzi baxhatshazwa kakhulu. Abo ngabo basebenzi abancinci, abangaphantsi kootitshala kunye nabancinci. Inani labo lokungabikho kwemisebenzi liphezulu kunabantu abadala, abafundele iikholeji nabasebenzi abamhlophe.
Ukungena kwamanye amazwe ngokungemthetho kunciphisa umvuzo ngamaphesenti amathathu ukuya kuma-8 kumsebenzi ophantsi. Le myinge iphuma kuma-25 eveki kubasebenzi abazalwa ngokuzalwa bengenazo iiploma zezikolo eziphakamileyo. UMongameli uTump uthe wathembisa ngexesha lakhe lokufuna ukuba iinkampani zinikeze yonke imisebenzi kumaMelika kuqala.
Phakathi ko-2000 no-2013, inani labasebenzi abazalwe ngumthonyama lawa ngama-1.3 yezigidi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba bashiye abasebenzi. Abasebenzi abaninzi asebekhulile bahlala umhlala-phantsi okanye baqhubeka nokukhubazeka. Abasebenzi abancinci babuyela esikolweni. Ngelo xesha, inani labasebenzi abafudukayo basebenze ngo-5.3 yezigidi. Abangaphandle kwezigidi ezili-16 abafudukayo abafika eMelika.
Abafuduki baxabisa urhulumente wase-US phakathi kwe-$ 11.4 yezigidigidi kunye ne-$ 20.2 yezigidigidi ngonyaka. Oko kuthetha ukuba basebenzisa oku ngakumbi kwiinkonzo kunokuba bahlawula irhafu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baxabisa urhulumente ngaphantsi koonyana baseMelika abazalwayo abafumana imfundo efanayo nembali yomsebenzi.
Abafuduki beeekreji zekholejini bavelisa imali engama-R10 000 000 kwingeniso kunokuba bayifumana kwiinkonzo ngexesha lokuphila kwabo. Phantse ama-53 ekhulwini abafuduki banamanye eekholeji. Kulabo, iipesenti ezili-16 zinezinga eliphumelelayo.
Abafuduki abahlala eUnited States bahlawula ngokungekho mthethweni ilizwe ngaphantsi kwezomthetho. Kungenxa yokuba abafanelekanga kwiinkqubo ezininzi zikaRhulumente. Ukuba urhulumente wabanikezela ukuxolelwa, iindleko kuluntu ziza kubini. (Umthombo: "Impembelelo yezeMali kunye nezoQoqosho eMzantsi United States," Isiko soPhando lwabaFundi, "ngoMeyi 2013.)
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