I-Economest Economist ehlabathini?
URajan waphakamisa ngokukhawuleza isantya senzala ukusuka ku-7.5% ukuya ku-7.75%, kwaye kwakhona ngoJanuwari 2014 ukuya ku-8%. Oku kubhekiselele kwindleko yemali yaseIndiya kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
URajan wathi i-United States ithumela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa amaxabiso aphantsi eoli ngo-2014 yanceda ukunciphisa ingozi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngenxa yoko, uRajan inzala engaphantsi kweJanuwari 2015 ukuya ku-7.75%. NgoJulayi 2015, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwakungaphezulu kwama-3.78%.
URajan wenqabe uxinzelelo lokunciphisa umlinganiselo wenzalo ekuncediseni ukuphucula uqoqosho olusuka kwiNkulumbuso yaseNdiya entsha. UMnu. Narendra Modi unokuba nomngcipheko wokunyuka kwamaxabiso xa edala izidingo ezininzi kwezoqoqosho ngaphambi kokuba ilizwe libe nexesha lokukwakha iziseko zokuvelisa. Uninzi ukhathazekile ukuba amazinga aphezulu aya kuphazamisa ukunyuka kweIndiya. Kodwa uRajan waxwayisa ukuba kwakulungele ukwenza okokuqala ngangoko xa kusenokuba yinkqubo ehamba phambili. (Umthombo: "I-Rajan May yeeNdiya kufuneka iyenze iItural Street Journal, ngoJuni 4, 2014." I-economist eyayichaza ingxaki yezemali yavele ikhala enye i-alamu-kuya kuba bubulumko ukuphulaphula eli xesha, " Quartz, Septemba 22, 2013.)
URajan walungisa imali yaseIndiya, i-rupee, ngokunciphisa imimiselo yeebhanki. Wanyanzelela ibhanki ukuba abhale phantsi imali ebolekileyo. Oko kukhulula umnotho-mali wabo ukutyalomali kwimisebenzi emitsha enempilo. Kwakhona wavula iibhanki kubafundi abangakumbi, ukwandisa ukhuphiswano. Amabhanki amabini amatsha anikwe ilayisenisi ngenxa yoko. Wakhulula ibhanki yesebe ngokusungula iqonga lokubhanka kwii-smartphone.
(Umthombo: "URughuram Rajan Ubonakalisa njenge-RBI Governor," i-Economic Times, ngoSeptemba 4, 2016. Udliwano kunye noNitin Sharma, oyingcali yebhanki. "Kwi-Pressist Cooker," i -Economist , ngoSeptemba 7, 2013. "IIndiya Ibiza KuRarhuram Rajan Ukuqhuba iBhanki Yomkhulu, "Guardian, uAgasti 6, 2013)
URajan ugxeke kwi-Federal Reserve
I-Indiya ngowamazwe anamahlanu athengisa iimarike ahlaselwa yimilinganiselo yemali ngo-2013 nangama-2014. Abatyalo-mali batshintshe kwiimarike eziyimngcipheko xa i-Federal Reserve iqalile ukuthenga ukuthengwa kwayo koovimba be-US. Abaninzi babekhathazekile ukuba oku kuguqulwa kwe-Easter Easing kuzonyusa amaxabiso e-US, ukwenza i dollar ibe namandla. Ngenxa yoko, iimali zelizwe langaphandle zazingathandeki kwaye zilahlekile. Isantya esenzeke sona saba yinkxalabo eyasongela uxolo loqoqosho lwehlabathi.
URajan wagxeka i-US ngokungawuthobeli ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yokutshintshela kwamanye amazwe. "Iimarike ezivelayo zazama ukuxhasa ukukhula kwehlabathi ngokukhululeka kwemali kunye nemali," watsho. Wacetyisa ukuba, ukuba uyaqhubeka, amazwe aphuhlisiwe, "angayithandi iindidi zokuhlengahlengisa siza kunyanzelwa ukuba senze phantsi komgca." Wongezelela ukuba i-G-20 idibene ndawonye ngexesha leengxaki, kodwa isele iphelile.
"Sifuna ukusebenzisana okungcono kwaye ngelanga ukuba akukafiki ngoku," u-Rajan wanezela. (Umthombo: "URajan ukhankanya kuMgaqo-nkqubo we-Global Uncoordinated," i-Financial Times, ngoJanuwari 30, 2014)
URajan wabikezela ingxaki yezezimali ka-2008
U-Rajan ungomnye wezoqoqosho ezimbalwa oye walumkisa ngokuchanekileyo amabhanki angundoqo malunga neengxaki zemali ka - 2008 . Ngonyaka ka-2005, uDkt. Rajan wachaza ngokuchanekileyo indlela izakhiwo ezingalunganga ngayo kwezoqoqosho eziza kubangela iingxaki zemali. Wanikeza iphepha elinesihloko esithi "Ngaba Uphuhliso Lwezezimali Lwenza Umngcipheko Wehlabathi?" kwi-Economic Policy Symposium yebhanki ephakathi. Oku kwakukuphakame kwebhola leemakethe zendlu. Yilapho umongameli wangaphambili we-Federal Reserve u-Alan Greenspan weemali-mali ezidlulileyo ezingenakwenza okungalunganga. URajan wabhekana nobulumko bexesha kwaye waxela kwangaphambili ingxaki xa kungekho mntu wayefuna ukuyiva.
URajan wayecwangcise ukubonisa kwi-Symposium uhlalutyo lwendlela ivela ngayo kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha ezenza ingozi. Njengomntu wonke, wayecinga ukuba iibhanki zibeka umngcipheko ngokuthengisa i- mortgage-backed securities kunye nezibophelelo zetyala kubatyali-mali kwimarike yesibini.
Endaweni yoko, wafumanisa ukuba iibhanki zazibambelele kulezi ziphumo ukuba zikhulise iinjongo zazo. Wacetyisa ukuba, ukuba kwenzeka isiganeko "se-swan swan" esingalindelekanga, ukubonakaliswa kweebhanki kulezi ziphumo kungabangela ingxaki efana ne- LTCM ye-hedge fund crisis , kunye nezizathu ezifanayo. URajan wathi, "Iimakethe ze-interbank zingashenxisa, kwaye enye inokuba neengxaki zemali ngokupheleleyo."
Abaphulaphuli bahlambalaza ngezilumkiso zakhe, kwaye-ke uMongameli we-University of Harvard kunye noqoqosho uLawrence Summers babiza uRajan ukuba ngumLuddite. Nangona kunjalo, ukubikezela kukaRajan yinto eyenzekayo kwiminyaka emibini kamva. (Umthombo: "Umgcini wezoqoqosho uRughuram Rajan Ubungozi obunobungozi bokuXela ingxaki yeNkcitho," i-Economic Times, ngoJuni 9, 2010.)
URajan uxela iingxaki zexesha elizayo
UDkt. Rajan uxwayisa ukuba imigca yokulahleka kwezomnotho eyadala ingxaki yemali isongela umnotho wehlabathi. Oku kunona imimiselo emitsha, njenge- Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act , kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali yokunciphisa ityala elimele . Watsho, "Siphepheka sisuka kwi-bubble ukuya ku-bubble." Le mizila yecala kukuba:
- Impendulo yezopolitiko ekungalingani kwemali e-US-Abaninzi bezopolitiko baqhubeka befuna ukukhangela inkokhelo elula ukuba abantu baseMelika bakwazi ukuthenga izinga elihle lokuphila. Kunoko, bafanele bagxininise ekufundiseni abo bangenazo iikoleji zeekholejini, abahlupheke ngakumbi ngenxa yokungasebenzi. Ezi ngoku zibandakanya abasebenzi abangaqeshwanga nabasebenzi abadala.
- Ukungalingani kwezorhwebo - I- China kunye nezinye iimarike ezikhulayo zixhomekeke kwiimfuno ze-US zokunyusa ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe. Bathengisa iiNondyebo zase-US , ukugcina intsingiselo yezantsi kunye nokukhusela amaMerika kwimiphumo yemali eninzi.
- Iinkqubo zembuyekezo zemali - Amabhanki ahlawula kwaye akhuthaze abaphathi ukuba bavelise ngaphezu kwe-average returns. Ezi zifumaneka kuphela ngokuthatha ingozi eyongezelelweyo. Iindleko zaloo mngcipheko zisasazeka kwinkqubo yoqoqosho. Ekugqibeleni zizalwe ngabahlawuli berhafu ngokusebenzisa urhulumente wezemali.
URajan wayejongene neenguqu ezibalulekileyo kwi-IMF
URajan waba yi-IMF oyiNtloko ye-Economist kwi-40 (2003 - 2006). Ngelo xesha, kubonwa njengento enkulu yokudlala i-IMF, ekubeni uRajan wayengumcebisi wezezimali, kungekhona uqoqosho loqeqesho oluqhelekileyo. I-Fund yagxeka ngenxa yendima yayo kwi-crisis currency yase-Asia yase-Asia, i-Russian default eyayinceda ukuba i- LTCM i-hedge fund crisis , kwaye i-debt and power debt in Brazil naseArgentina.
I-Economist uJoseph Stiglitz, ngoko-mali wezoqoqosho kwiBhanki yehlabathi , wathi i-IMF yanciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho kwamazwe ukuba uzama ukunceda ngokunyanzelisa amanyathelo angqongqo okujoliswe ekunciphiseni umthwalo wabo wetyala. Ngelishwa, le nyathelo - ukuphakamisa inzala , ukususa ulawulo kwiinkunzi kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka - kwaphazamisa ukukhula okufunekayo ukuxhasa imali yokuhlawula ityala.
Ukulondolozwa kwe-Capitalist kwi-Capitalists
Incwadi yaseRajan yangaphambili, Ukugcina i-Capitalist kwi-Capitalists yahlalutya indlela ukukhishwa kwemali-mboleko yamahhala kuchithwa ngayo ngabasebenzi be-lobbyists. Ziyichaphazela urhulumente ukuba ahlule ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha ingozi enkulu ngokwegama lokukhuphisana kwehlabathi. Okanye, bahamba ngenye indlela, bamise imithetho yokukhusela amashishini abo. Imizekelo emibini yale mivuzo iyimirhumo ye-US kwimveliso yensimbi, kunye nenkxaso-mali kwi-US yezolimo ezovimba i- Doha isivumelwano sokuthengisa ngentengiso .
Umsebenzi kaRajan wokuqala
UDkt. Rajan wathola isicatshulwa sobunjineli bombane kwi-Indian Institute of Technology eDelhi. Wafumana i-MBA evela kwi-Indian Institute of Management ngo-1987. Wathola i-Ph.D ekulawuleni eSian School kwi-MIT. Wafundisa eSikolweni seBooth yaseChicago ngaphambi kokuba, kwaye elandelayo, umsebenzi wakhe kwi-IMF. Abafundi bakaRajan bambiza ngokuthi "Umsebenzi weMida." Leli gama lezoqoqosho elisetyenziselwa umgca wexabiso eliphezulu.
URaan wayengumcebisi ophezulu kwi-BDT Capital, iBoz kunye neCo, kwibhodi yeengcebiso yebhodi ye-Bank Itau-Unibanco yeluleki, kunye nomlawuli we-Chicago Council kwiMicimbi Yehlabathi. Wayekho kwibhunga leengcebiso kuMlawuli-Jikelele we-United States kunye ne- FDIC .
Ngo-2003, uRajan wathola umvuzo wokuqala wokuqala weFischer Black umbutho weMelika wezeMali ngokuxhasa ngemali engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40. Wayengumongameli weMali yezeMali, kunye nelungu le-American Academy of Arts and Sciences. U-Rajan ubekwe kwiibhodi zokuhlela ze-American Economic Review kunye ne-Journal of Finance.
Ukususela ngo-2006-2013, uRajan ngu-Eric J. Gleacher oyiNtloko yeNgxowa-mali wezeMali kwiYunivesithi yase-Chicago eBooth School of Business. Ukususela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2006, wayeyiNtloko yezeMali kwiNgxowa-mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe . Incwadi Yakhe, i-Fault Lines: Indlela efihlakele ngayo iqhubeka isongela i-World Economy, iphumelele i-Financial Times / iGoldman Sachs Business Book of the Year ngonyaka ka-2010. Kwakhona wamkela iNkcazo ye-Infosys yeSayensi yezeNtlalo ngo-2011.
URajan wayengumcebisi oyiNtloko wezoQoqosho kwiNgqungquthela yezeMali ye-India ngo-2013, kunye nomcebisi wezezimali ongacwangciswanga kuNdunankulu ukususela ngo-2008-2012.