Amatyala aMongami, Kutheni kubalulekile, kunye nezigaba

Kutheni Ityala LamaMongameli Liyinto Efanelekileyo - Ukufikelela kwindawo

Inkokheli yeMongeni yimalini karhulumente welizwe.

Kuthetha into efanayo ne- ityala likazwelonke, ityala lelizwe, okanye ityala likaRhulumente kuba igama elithi "inkosi" lithetha urhulumente wesizwe. Idla ngokubhekisela kwilizwe elihlawulwa ngayo ngaphandle kwabathengi. Yingakho ihlala isetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kunye namatyala karhulumente .

Ityala leMongami liqokelela ukulahlekelwa kwee- annals . Ngako oko, kubonisa ukuba uorhulumente uninzi kangakanani uchitha ngaphezu kokuba uyifumana kwingeniso malunga nexesha.

Oorhulumente bavame ukuhlawula amatyala abo ngeebhanki, njengamanqaku e-US Treasury . Ezi zibophelelo zineemigaqo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwi-30. Urhulumente uyahlawula ixabiso lentengo yokunika abathengi bentengiso ukubuyisa imali yabo. Kungenzeka ukuba ubophelo luya kuhlawulwa, ixabiso eliphantsi lihlawulwe. Ngaloo ndlela, oku kunciphisa iindleko zenkokhelo. Oorhulumente banokuthatha imali mboleko ngqo kwiibhanki, kumashishini abucala okanye ngabanye, okanye nakwamanye amazwe.

Indlela elinganiselwe ngayo

Xa uthelekisa ityala eliphakathi kwamanye amazwe, kufuneka uqaphele oko kuqukwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba ityala elizimeleyo lilinganiswa ngokwahlukileyo ngokubhekiselele kulowo owenza ukulinganisa nokuba kutheni. Umzekelo, i- Standard & Poor's yinkampani yokulinganisa amatyala ngamashishini kunye nabatyalomali. Ngako oko, kuphela ukulinganisa amatyala ahlawulwa ngabathengi bemali. Akulinganiseli ukuba urhulumente uboleka ntoni kwabanye oorhulumente, kwiNgxowa-mali yeMali yamazwe ngamazwe , okanye kwiBhanki yehlabathi .

Kwakhona kuphela ukulinganisa amatyala kazwelonke, kungekhona oko kuhlawulwa ngamazwe okanye oomasipala ngaphakathi kwelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, i-S & P iyaqwalasela iimpembelelo ezinokuthi ezi zibophelelo zinalo kwilizwe elikwazi ukulihlonela ityala laso.

IYurophu Yomanyano iyanqandela ukuba ityala elingakanani ilizwe livunyelwe ukuba lihlale kwindawo ye- euro .

Ngoko ke, imilinganiselo yayo iyabanzi. Iquka ityala likarhulumente kunye nekarhulumente, kunye neembopheleleko ezizayo ezifunekayo kukhuseleko loluntu.

Ityala le-US lidibanisa amatyala karhulumente kwi-sikhokelo sikarhulumente, enetyala elifunekayo nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni. Akubandakanyi amatyala aqhutywe ngumasipala, athi, kunye namanye amabhunga karhulumente angewona kazwelonke. Kungenxa yokuba ezininzi iinjongo kunye nezixeko azivunyelwe ukuba zibe neengxaki.

Kutheni Ukwandisa Kukhuthaza Ukwanda

Ingaba urhulumente uchitha ukhuseleko loluntu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, okanye i-jet entsha yokuqhuma, uphonononga imali kwezoqoqosho. Oku kukhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho kuba amashishini aya kwandisa ukuhlangabezana nemfuno eyenziwe yimali. Oko kuvame ukuphumela kwimisebenzi emitsha, enefuthe lokuphindaphinda ekuvuseleleni iimfuno kunye nokukhula. Ukuchitha imali ngokwemali kuyishukumisayo esinamandla ngenxa yokuba kufunwa imfuno ngoku. Iindleko aziyi kufika ngenxa yexesha elizayo.

Ngethuba nje ukuba ityala elimeleyo lihlala ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, ababolekisi baziva bekhuselekile ukuba ukukhula okwandisiweyo kuthetha ukuba baya kubuyiselwa ngenzala. Iinkokeli zikaRhulumente ziqhubeka zichitha ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho olukhulayo lithetha abavoti abonwabileyo abaya kubakhetha kwakhona. Eyona nto, akukho sizathu sokuba banciphise imali.

Xa uMatyala oMongami ehamba engalunganga

Zonke zihamba kakuhle kuba abathengi baqala ukungaqiniseki ukuba baya kuhlawulwa. Ezi zithandabuzo ziqala ukunyuka xa i-tyala elilawulayo lifikelela kuma-77 ekhulwini kwiphumo loqoqosho lwangonyaka. Amazwe amashishini athengayo, i-pointing point ifika ngokukhawuleza, kwi-64% ye- debt-to-GDP ratio .

Ababolekisi baqala ukuxhalaba ukuba ilizwe liya kuhlawulwa kwiintlawulo zenzalo. Oku kuba sisiprofeto esizalisekisa ngokwabo, kuba, njengoko ukwesaba kuphakama, ngokunjalo umlinganiselo wenzala ilizwe kufuneka uthembise ukuhlawula ukuhlawula izibophelelo ezintsha. Amazwe kufuneka abolekise kwiirhafu ezibiza kakhulu ukuhlawula ityala elidala, elincinci. Ukuba lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka, uhlanga luya kunyanzelwa ukuba lubekwe phantsi kwetyala lakho ngokupheleleyo.

Ukungasebenzi

Iingxaki zematyala zenzeke ngeenkulungwane, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeemfazwe okanye ukuguqulwa kwemali .

Ngama-1980, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezingafaniyo kwenzeka kwiMpuma Yurophu, Afrika, naseLatin America. Oku kwaba ngumphumo wokuboleka kweebhanki kuma-1970. Xa u-1981 ukuhlaselwa kwemali, ukuhlawulela kwamazinga kwenzalo, kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamazwe athengisayo .

Kwi- crisis ye -1998, iRashiya eyayihlala emva kokunciphisa amaxabiso eoli yanciphisa ingeniso yayo. I-Russia engazange yenzeke ngokukhokelela ekuhambeni kokungafani nakwamanye amazwe athengayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-IMF inqande ukukhutshwa kwamatyala amaninzi ngokubonelela ngexabiso elifunekayo.

2017 Ukwahlula

Ezilungileyo- Nazi amazwe angama-9 anetyala elingaphantsi kwama-10 ekhulwini loveliso lwezoqoqosho zonyaka okanye i-GDP. Amanye amazwe, njengeBrunei, aneninzi lentlawulo yokuhlawula iinkonzo zikaRhulumente. Le ngeniso ivela ikakhulu kwimithombo yendalo . Bafumana izinga lokukhula kweGDP , ngoko ke akudingeki ukukhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngenxa yokuchitha imali. Abanye, njenge-Wallis ne-Futuna, basenokuba noqoqosho oluqhelekileyo oluxhomekeke ekulimeni.

1. 0.0% - iMacau
2. 0.0% - I-Timor-Leste
3. 3.1% - iBrunei
4. 5.6% - iWallis ne-Futuna
5. 6.5% - iNew Caledonia entsha
6. 7.5% - iGibraltar
7. 8.3% - Afghanistan
8. 9.0% - iSolomon Islands
9. 9.0% - Estonia

Ababi - Apha amazwe alandelayo anama-15 anetyala elingaphezulu kunalo lonke uqoqosho lwalo nyaka. Oku kuthetha okungaphezulu kwama-100 ekhulwini kweGDP. Ininzi yabo isengozini yokungafi. IJapan neSingapore yinto engekho. IJapan ihlawulwa kakhulu ityala labo kubemi bayo, abathengayo iibhondi zikaRhulumente njengendlela yokugcina imali. Uninzi lwetyala leSingapore lugcinwe yikhwama yecandelo loxanduva lokhuseleko loluntu. Enyanisweni, iSingapore ayibolekanga ukuhlawula imali eyimali ukususela ngo-1980.

1. 224% - iJapan
2. 180% - iGrisi
3. 142% - iLebanon
4. 131% - iItali
5. 128% - iPortugal
6. 127% - iCabo Verde
7. 119% - iMozambique
8. 118% - iJamaica
9. 116% - iGambia
10. 115% - eSingapore
11. 114% - Eritrea
12. 108% - iBarbados
13. 105% - iCyprus
14. 104% - iYiputa
15. 104% - iBelgium

I-Just Plain Ugly - Lawa mazwe akanakho ukulinganiswa kwamatyala aphezulu kwi-GDP, kodwa kubangela iingxaki kwezoqoqosho. I-United States inomlinganiselo we-matyala kawonke-wonke we-77%. Oko akubonakali kubi, kodwa isixa-mali esiyi-$ 18 trillion. Le mali inkulu kunokuba nayiphi na ilizwe elinye lihlawulwa. Kwakhona, oku kubandakanya kuphela ityala likarhulumente, kungekhona ityala likaRhulumente waseUnited States. Ukuba iUnited States ithe yahlaselwa ityala layo, yayiza kuzisa uqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngoko ke, ityala le-monster elinomngcipheko wokungagqibekanga libi ngaphezu kwetyala elincinci elinokuba luncedo olungaphezulu.

Amazwe amaninzi eYurophu Yanyunyana ayedlula umda wetyala lokuzimela. Abatyalomali baye bakhathazeka malunga nokungagqibekanga eGrisi , elinye lamazwe ahlawulwa kakhulu emhlabeni, kunye nezinye "ii-PIGS": iPortugal, i-Ireland, iItali neSpain.

Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganiswa kwetyala-kuya-GDP kumazwe aseYurophu ahlawula "i-PIGS" iphezulu. AmaJamani anama- 66 ekhulwini kwaye amaFransi angama-96 ekhulwini. Iibhanki zaseYurophu zinabanini abakhulu beli tyala, ezinokuthumela ngaphandle kweYurophu kwinkqubo yemali yehlabathi.