Ziziphi iilizwe ezisebenzisa i-Euro?
I-euro yaqala ukucetyiswa ukuba idibanise lonke i- European Union .
Enyanisweni, zonke iilwimi ezingama-28 zithembisa ukuba zithathe i-euro xa zijoyina i-EU. Kodwa kufuneka bahlangabezane nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nezinye iindlela ngaphambi kokuba batshintshele kwi-euro. Ezi zichazwe nguMthetho weMaastricht. Ngenxa yoko, amalungu ayisithoba ase-EU awamkelanga i-euro. Ukususela ngo-2017, babe yiBulgaria, iCroatia, iCzech Republic, iDenmark, iHungary, iPoland, iRomania, iSweden ne- United Kingdom .
I symboli ye-euro yi-€. Ama-Euro ahlukaniswe ngama-euro eentente, i-euro nganye iyinye enye ikhulu leyure. Kukho amaqumrhu asixhenxe: i-€ 5, i-€ 10, i-€ 20, i-€ 50, i-€ 100 kunye ne-€ 500. Ibhilikhi nganye kunye neengqekembe zibukhulu obuhlukeneyo. Iindleko ziye zaphakanyiswa, ngelixa iimali zineemida ezihlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zivumela ukuba abantu abangaboni kakuhle bahlule enye inkolo kwenye.
Amazwe Asebenzisa IYurophu
Kukho amazwe angama-22 asebenzisa i-euro ngo-2017. I-eurozone ineama-19 amalungu angama-EU kwaye asetyenziswa i-euro.
Zi-Austria, iBelgium, iCyprus, i-Estonia, iFinland, iFransi, iJamani, iGrisi, iIreland, iItali, iLatvia, iLithuania, i-Luxembourg, iMalta, i-Netherlands, iPortugal, iSlovakia, iSlovenia neSpain. Amazwe amathathu angewona ama-EU aseMontenegro, kwisiXeko saseVatican naseMonaco.
Iintlanga ezilishumi elinesine zaseAfrika zikhangela imali yazo kwi-euro.
Ziyakuba ngama-coloni aseFransi eyamkela i-CFA franc xa iFransi ishintshela kwi-euro. BanoBenin, eBurkina Faso, Cameroon, eCentral African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, eCôte D'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, eGabon, eGuinea-Bissau, iMali, iNiger, iSenegal kunye neTogo.
I-Iran ikhetha i-euro yonke into eyenziwa ngaphandle, kuquka neoli . I-Iran iyona mveliso wesine ewona mkhulu kunayo yonke yeoli. Liye laguqula yonke ifa e-dollar egcinwe kumazwe angaphandle kwi-euro.
Inzuzo
Amazwe afumana amaninzi amanzuzo ekufumaneni i-euro. Abancinci banenzuzo yokuxhaswa yi-Europe powerhouse economy, eJamani naseFransi. I-euro ivumela ukuba amazwe athathaka awanandiphe inzala ephantsi. Kungenxa yokuba i-euro yayingeyona ingozi kubatyali-mali kunemali enexabiso elingaphantsi kwabasebenzisi nabathengisi. Kule minyaka, le ntlawulo yezantsi inzala iye yabangela ukutshala imali kwamanye amazwe . Oku kwandisa iimeko ezincinci zentlanga.
Abanye bathi amanye amazwe athuthukile afumana umvuzo omkhulu kwi-euro. Iinkampani zabo ezinkulu zinokuvelisa ngaphezulu ngeendleko eziphantsi, ngoko ke kuxhamla kwezoqoqosho . Bathumela iimpahla zabo ezincinci kumazwe aseYurophu angaphantsi. Iinkampani zabo ezincinci azikwazanga ukukhuphisana.
Ezi nkampani ezinkulu zizuze ekutyala imali ngokuncinci kwizoqoqosho ezincinci. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso nemirhumo kumazwe amancinci, kodwa kungekho amakhulu. Amashishini amakhulu athe afumana ngaphezulu inzuzo yokukhuphisana . Ngomqondo othile, i-euro yawavumela ukuba bathumele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuza ngokuza kunye nesigaba sokwandisa umjikelo . Babenandipha inzuzo yeemfuno eziphezulu kunye nemveliso ngaphandle kokuhlawula ixabiso eliphezulu.
Iingxaki
Ngazo zonke ezi nzuzo, kutheni ama-EU asele asele e-EU ayamkele i-euro? Amanye amazwe ayanqikazi ukuyeka igunya elithile phezu kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali kunye neyezimali xa bejoyina i-eurozone. Kungenxa yokuba ukwamukela i-euro kuthetha ukuba amazwe alahlekelwa amandla okushicilela imali yawo. Ukuba nekhono kubenza bakwazi ukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokunyusa amaxabiso okanye ukunciphisa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali .
Kumele bahlale behlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwangonyaka ngaphantsi kwe-3 ekhulwini lomkhiqizo wabo wekhaya . Umlinganiselo wabo wetyala-kuya-GDP kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwama-60 ekhulwini. Abaninzi abazange bakwazi ukusika imali efanelekileyo ukuze bahlangabezane nalo mqathango.
I-Euro ukuya kwi-Dollar Conversion
I- euro ukuya ku-dollar yaseMelika ukuguquka yimalini yeedola i-euro ingayithenga nanini na ixesha. Amanyathelo okutshintshiselwa kwamanani angoku. Abathengisi be-Forex kwiimarike zerhwebo lwangaphandle bathabatha izinga lokutshintshiselwa. Bashintsha ngesiseko semzuzwana, kuxhomekeke kwindlela abahwebi bahlola ngayo umngcipheko ngokumalunga nembuyekezo yokubamba imali.
Abahwebi basekela uvavanyo lwabo kwizinto eziliqela. Ezi ziquka intlawulo yebhanki yamanqanaba, amanani amatyala aphezulu, kunye namandla oqoqosho lwelizwe. Iwebhsayithi ye-ECB inika izinga lokutshintshiselwa kweyuro.
Xa i-euro yaqaliswa ngo-2002, yayifanele i $ 0.87. Ubungakanani bayo bukhula njengoko abantu abaninzi basebenzisa le minyaka. Ifikelele kwirekodi yayo ephakamileyo ye $ 1.60 ngo-Ephreli 22, 2008. Abatyalo-mali babalekela kwii-investor-denominated investments ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwebhanki yotyalo-mali i- Bear Stearns .
Njengoko kwacaca ukuba i-US-based based mortgage crisis has spreads globally , abatyali-mali babalekele ekukhuselekeni kwexabiso leedola. NgoJuni 2010, i-euro yayifanele i-$ 1.20. Ubungakanani bayo benyuka kwi $ 1.45 ngethuba leNkathazo ye - US ehlobo le-2011. NgoDisemba 2016, lehlile kwi $ 1.03 njengabahwebi bexhalabele ngemiphumo ye Brexit . Yabuyela kwi $ 1.20 ngoSeptemba 2017 emva kokuba abahwebi bekhungatheke ngokungabikho kwenqubekela phambili kwimigaqo-nkqubo ka- President Trump .
Intlupheko yaseYurophu
Ngo-2009, iGrisi yamemezela ukuba inokuthi ihlawulwe kwi-ityala layo. I-EU iqinisekisile abatyalo-mali ukuba iya kuqinisekisa ityala lawo onke amalungu e-eurozone. Ngexesha elifanayo, lifuna amazwe ahlawulwe ukuba afake amanyathelo okubambisa ukunyusa imali yabo. Inkathazo yeGrike yamaGrike isongela ukusasazeka ePortugal, e-Italy, e-Ireland naseSpain. Uqoqosho lwaseYurophu luye lwavuselela ukususela ngoko. Kodwa abanye bathi i- eurozone Inkathazo isongela ikamva ye-euro kunye ne-EU ngokwayo.
Yurophu Yembali
Isigaba sokuqala se-euro siqaliswe ngo-1999. Kwaqaliswa njengemali yeentlawulo zekhompyutha. Ezi zibandakanya amakhadi enkredithi kunye neebhanki, iimboleko kunye neenjongo zokuphendula. Ngethuba lesi sigaba sokuqala, iimali ezidala zazisetyenziselwa imali kuphela. Iintlanga ezilishumi elinanye zamkela ngokukhawuleza. Bayi-Austria, eBelgium, eFinland, eFransi, eJamani, eIreland, e-Itali, eLuxembourg, e-Netherlands, ePortugal naseSpain.
Isigaba sesibini saqaliswa ngo-2002, xa imali yeeyeri kunye neebhanki zivela kwifom ngokomzimba. Ilizwe ngalinye linendlela ekhethekileyo ye-euro yemali.