Iliphi Ilizwe Elilinamatyala amaninzi?
Ukulinganiswa kwetyala-kuya-GDP kuqhathanisa netyala lelizwe elizimeleyo kwimveliso yalo yezoqoqosho ngonyaka. Isiphumo salo silinganiswa nemveliso emveliso yasekhaya .
Esi sixa sixhobo esincedo kubatyalomali, iinkokeli kunye noqoqosho. Ibenza bakwazi ukulinganisa ikhono lelizwe lokuhlawula ityala layo. Umlinganiselo ophezulu uthetha ilizwe alivelisi ngokwaneleyo ukuhlawula ityala layo. Ixabiso eliphantsi libonisa ukuba kukho ubuninzi bokuveliswa kwezoqoqosho ukwenza iintlawulo.
Ukuba ilizwe lilikhaya, i-GDP ifana nengeniso yayo. Amabhanki aya kukunika mboleko enkulu xa wenza imali engaphezulu. Ngendlela efanayo, abatyali-mali baya kuvuyela ukuthatha ityala lelizwe ukuba livelisa ngaphezulu. Xa abatyali-mali beqala ukukhathazeka ngokuhlawulwa kwentlawulo, baya kufuna ukuba inzala engaphezulu yenzalo ibuyele emngciphekweni ophezulu wokungagqibekanga. Oku kwandisa indleko yelizwe letyala. Iyakwazi ngokukhawuleza ibe ngxaki yamatyala.
Tipping Point
Iphi na indawo yokubamba? Uphononongo lweBhanki yehlabathi lufumene ukuba ukulinganiswa kwetyala-kuya ku-GDP kungaphezulu kwama-77 ekhulwini kwixesha elide, linciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Inani ngalinye lepesenti yetyala ngaphantsi kweli nqanaba libiza i-1.7 ekhulwini ekukhuliseni uqoqosho.
Kubi kakhulu kwiimarike ezikhulayo. Kulapho, nganye ipesenti yepesenti yecala elingaphezu kwama-64 ekhulwini liya kukhula ngokukhula nge-2 ekhulwini ngonyaka.
Indlela yokusebenzisa ukulinganiswa kweziTyala-kuya-GDP
Ukulinganiswa kwetyala-kuya-GDP kuvumela abatyali-mali kumabhondi karhulumente ukuba baqhathanise amanqanaba ematyala phakathi kwamazwe.
Ngokomzekelo, ityala leJamani li-$ 2.7 trillion, i-Greece idityanisiweyo, eyi-$ 514 billion. Kodwa i-GDP yeJamani iyi-$ 3.8 trillion, ingaphezulu kweeGrisi ezingama-281 zeebhiliyoni. Yingakho iJamani (ilizwe elikhulu kwi-EU) kufuneka likhishwe eGrisi, kungekhona enye indlela. Umyinge we-GDP ukuya ku-GDP ukhululekile ngamaphesenti angama-72, ngelixa iGrisi ibingama-182 ekhulwini.
Ngaloo ndlela, ingakanani umlinganiselo we-debt-to-GDP ulungelelaniso olufanelekileyo lweliphi ilizwe eliya kutshintsha ? Hayi njalo. Umlinganiselo we- Japan -to-GDP uyingama-228 ekhulwini. IJapan ayikho engozini yokungafi, ngenxa yokuba amaninzi amatyala ayo abanjelwa ngabemi bayo. Uninzi lwetyala leGrisi lwenziwa ngabarhulumente bamazwe kunye neebhanki. Njengokuba amanqaku ebhanki aseGrisi ahlawulwa, ityala layo lidityaniswe yi-arhente yee- ratings ezifana ne- Standard & Poor's , ezenza ukuba inzala yenzalo iphakame. IGrisi kwakufuneka ifune indlela yokunyusa imali engaphezulu, kwaye yaqalisa ukuchithwa kwemali kunye nokwanda kweerhafu ukwenza njalo. Oku kwaphucula ngakumbi uqoqosho lwayo, kwandula ukunciphisa ingeniso kunye nokukwazi ukuhlawula ityala layo.
Ngo-2017, umlinganiselo we-US-to-GDP uyingama-104 ekhulwini . Yiyo i-20.493 trillion kwi-matyala (ngoDisemba 29, 2017) eyahlula i-$ 19.739 trillion kwikota yesine yeGDP. Kodwa oko akuyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe elinokukhipha ityala ngemali yalo. I-United States inokushicilela ngaphezulu iidola ukuhlawula ityala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umngcipheko wokungagqibekanga uphantsi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanini-matyala baxhamla ngemali engabalulekanga. Oku ekugqibeleni kuya kubaphephela ityala le-US.
Njengoko kuphakama ukulinganiswa kwetyala lomhlaba kwi-GDP, kudla ngokubonisa ukuba uqoqosho luyaqhubeka. Kungenxa yokuba i-GDP yelizwe iyancipha kwimpumelelo.
Kubangela irhafu, kunye neengeniso zentlangano , ukuncipha ngexesha elifanayo urhulumente achitha ixesha lokukhuthaza uqoqosho lwayo. Ukuba ukunyuswa kwemali kuyaphumelela, ukunyuka kwemali kuya kuphakamisa, iirhafu (kunye nemali engenayo yentlawulo) iya kuphakama, kwaye umlinganiselo we-debt-to-GDP kufuneka ulinganise.
Umnqophiso ophezulu kunabo bonke okholo lwabatyalomali kwi-solvency karhulumente ngumvuno kwi-matyala . Xa izivuno ziphantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho imfuno eninzi yetyala layo. Akunakho ukuhlawula njengento ephezulu yokubuyisela. I-United States inenhlanhla kulo mbandela. Ngexesha elide lokubuyisela, abatyali-mali babalekela kwiTyala le-US. Kucatshangelwa njenge-ultra-safe.
Njengoko uqoqosho loqoqosho oluqhubekayo luphucula, abatyali-mali baya kukhululeka ngomngcipheko ophezulu kuba bafuna ukubuyiswa okuphezulu. Ukutsaliswa kwetyala le-US kuya kuphakama i-asdemand falling.Uma izivuno ziphezulu, khangela.
Oko kuthetha ukuba abatyalo-mali abafuni ukuba ityala. Ilizwe kufuneka lihlawule inzala engakumbi ukuze ikwazi ukuthenga izibophelelo zayo.
Oko kudala ukuhla. Ixabiso lentengo ephakamileyo yenza kube kubi kakhulu ilizwe ukuba liboleke. Oku kwandisa imali yokuchitha imali, eyenza ilahleko ehlahlo lwabiwo-mali , oludala amatyala amaninzi. Umzekelo omhle yiNkathazo yeGrits .
Yingakho ireyiti-to-GDP isilinganiso, ngenxa yazo zonke iziphene zayo, isasetyenziswa kakhulu. Umthetho omhle wesithupha obonisa indlela uqoqosho olubukhali ngayo lizwe, kwaye kusemandleni kangakanani ukusebenzisa ukholo oluhle ukuhlawula ityala lawo.
Indlela yokubala ukulinganiswa kweziTyala-kuya-GDP
Ukufumana ubungakanani besikweletu-kuya-GDP, kufuneka ukwazi izinto ezimbini: inqanaba letyala lelizwe kunye neziphumo zezoqoqosho. Oku kubonakala kukuhle kunoko ufumanisa ukuba ityala lilinganiswa ngeendlela ezimbini. Uninzi lwabahlalutyi lubheka ityala elipheleleyo. Abanye, njengeCIA World Factbook, bajonga kuphela ityala likarhulumente .
Le nto iphosakeleyo. EUnited States, onke amatyala aphethwe ngabantu. Nasi isizathu. I-Treasury yase-US inamacandelo amabini. Amatyala abanjelwe uluntu anamanqaku e- US Treasury okanye i- US Savings Bonds enabanye abatyali-mali , iinkampani kunye noorhulumente bamanye amazwe. I-ityala likawonkewonke liphantsi kweemali zempesheni , imali kunye kunye noorhulumente bendawo.
Olunye udidi luyi-Intragovernmental Holdings. Olu luhlu olungabhengezwa yiCIA World Factbook kuba ityala likarhulumente wesigqeba lihlawulwa ngokwalo, kungekhona kubabolekisi bangaphandle. Amanani e-CIA ukuba urhulumente akayi kubuyiselwa yona, ngoko yintoni? Yindlela nje yokuphendula phakathi kwee-arhente ezimbini.
Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Imali urhulumente weburhulumenteni "uhlawulwa yona" inenene kakhulu kwiNgxowa-mali yeNtlalo yeNkxaso yeNtlalo kunye neengxowa-mali zemali yomhlala-phantsi. Ngombulelo kwisizukulwana seBantwana Boomer, ezi arhente zithatha inzuzo engaphezulu kwiirhafu zerhafu kunokuba kufuneka zihlawule kwiintlawulo kwangoku. Oko kuthetha ukuba banemali engaphezulu, abayisebenzisayo ukuthenga i-Treasurys. Urhulumente usanda kuchitha le mali engaphezulu kweenkqubo zonke zikaRhulumente .
Xa i-Boomers ithatha umhlalaphantsi, i-Social Security iya kubakho imali kwiimali zayo zoNondyebo ukuhlawula inzuzo. Kodwa imali yokuhlawula eli lityala kuya kufuneka ivela kwindawo ethile. Oko kuthetha ukuba uNondyebo uza kufuneka akhutshwe ngamatyala amaninzi okanye iCongress kufuneka iphakamise irhafu.
Ngoko ke, kufuneka uhlale ubheka ityala elipheleleyo, kungekhona nje ityala eluntwini. Kungenxa yokuba zonke iitalato zedolophu zigqitywa ngokugqitywa kuluntu. Yingakho i-Intragovernmental Holdings kufuneka ibalwe kwinani le-US-to-GDP ratio.
Iimali-to-GDP Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
- Yintoni eyahluko phakathi kwe-Genuine Real and Ginger Nomination?
- Ziziphi Iimpawu zeGDP?
- Iyiphi indlela engcono yokuthelekisa i-GDP phakathi kwamazwe?
- Yintoni eyahlukileyo phakathi kwe-GDP kunye ne-GDP Growth Rate?
- Yiyiphi Imilinganiselo Yokukhula Efanelekileyo?
- Yiyiphi i-Current GDP Growth Rate?
- Yintoni yoxinzelelo?