Abaqhubi abane abanezinto ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho lweMelika
I-formula yokubala amacandelo e-GDP yiY = C + I + G + X. Oku kumela: I-GDP = Ukusetyenziswa + Utyalo-mali + uRhulumente + X (iintengiso zangaphandle, okanye ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zangaphandle).
Ngo-2017, i- GDP yase-US yayiyi-70 yeepesenti zokusetyenziswa komntu, i-17 ekhulwini lokutyalo-mali, i-17 yeepesenti zorhulumente, kunye ne-4 yeepesenti ezithengayo.
Izixhobo zeGDP ezichazwe
Nantsi indlela iBhunga loHlolo loQoqosho lihlula ngayo i-GDP ye-US kwizinto ezine.
1. Iindleko zoLuntu lokuSebenza
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zento e-United States evelisa ngayo imali yokuthengwa kwabathengi . Ngo-2017, loo nto yayingama-11.89 trillion. Qaphela ukuba amanani achazwe yi- GDP yangempela . Yona ndlela eyona ndlela ibhetele yokuthelekisa iminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Zijikelezwe kwiibhiliyoni eziseduze. Ukuze uhlaziywe kutshanje kunye nenkcukacha, nceda ucelwa i-BEA Table 1.1.6 yeeNkcazo zeSizwe kunye neeNkcukacha zeeMveliso.
I-BEA iyahlula iindleko zokusetyenziswa komntu kwizinto kunye neenkonzo.
Iimpahla zithe gqwahlula zibe zimbini zincinci. Iyokuqala yimpahla enokuhlala , njenge-autos kunye nefenitshala. Ezi zinto zizinto ezinobomi obuncedo kwiminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu.
Iyesibini impahla engapheliyo, njengefuthe , ukutya kunye nezambatho. Icandelo lokubuyisela liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho njengoko ihambisa zonke ezi zinto kumthengi. I-BEA isebenzisa iimanani zentengiso yokugqibela njengemithombo yedatha yayo. Ekubeni le ngxelo iphuma yenyanga, ikunika umboniso wecandelo lekota yekota ye-GDP.
Iinkonzo ziphantse kwi-GDP ye-US. Ezi ziquka iimpahla ezingenakugcinwa kwaye zidla ngokusetyenziswa xa zithengiwe. Ukwandiswa kakhulu kuba iinkonzo ezingama-30 zinegalelo kwi-1960s. Ndiyabulela ukwandiswa kwebhanki kunye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Zininzi iinkonzo zenziwa kwi-United States. Kunzima ukuthumela ngaphandle.
Kutheni ukusetyenziswa komntu siqu kwakha inxalenye enkulu yezoqoqosho zase-US? IMelika inenhlanhla yokuba nenani labantu basekhaya ngaphakathi kwindawo efumanekayo ngokubanzi. Kuphantse kufana nemarike enkulu yokuhlola iimveliso ezintsha. Oko kuthetha ukuba amashishini ase-US aphumelele ekuzileni ukuba abasebenzisi bafuna ntoni.
2. Utyalo mali
Utyalo-mali loshishino luquka ukuthenga ukuba iinkampani zenze ukuvelisa iimpahla zabathengi. Kodwa, akuyiyo yonke into ethengwe ngayo. Ukuba kuthengi kuphela kuthatha indawo ekhoyo, ngoko ayifaki kwi-GDP kwaye ayibalwa. Ukuthengwa kufuneka kuhambelane nokudala izinto ezintsha zokuthengwa ukuba zibaleke.
Ngo-2017, utyalo-mali lwama-2.95 trillion. Iingama-17 ze-GDP yase-US. Iphindaphinda kabini i-$ 1.5 trillion ye-$ 1.5 yezigidigidi ngonyaka ka-2009.
I-BEA ihlula utyalo-mali kumashishini amancinci amabini: i-Investments Fixed kunye noTshintsho kwi-Private inventory.
Uninzi lwezoTyalo-mali eziThatywayo yi-investment non-residential investment. Oko kubandakanya izixhobo zoshishino, ezifana nesofthiwe, iimpahla ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa . I-BEA isekela eli candelo kwicandelo lokuthunyelwa kwirekhodi evela kwirekhodi yokuthengiswa kwempahla eqhubekayo ngenyanga. Isibonakaliso esihle sezoqoqosho .
Icandelo elincinci kodwa elibalulekileyo lokutyalo-mali olungabikho yokuhlala lwakhiwo lwezakhiwo zentengiso . I-BEA ibalwa kuphela isakhiwo esitsha eseza kwi-inventory epheleleyo yokuthengisa. Izixazululo azifakiwe. I-BEA ibongezelela kwi-GDP ngonyaka owakhiwe ngawo.
Utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo luquka ukwakhiwa kweendawo zokuhlala, okubandakanya izindlu zentsapho ezingatshatanga, iintsapho kunye nezindlu zedolophu. Kanye nje ngeentengiso zentengiso, i-BEA ayibonakali kwiindawo zokuhlala zentengo njengotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo. Isakhiwo esitsha sasekhaya sasiyizigidi ezingama-R6 600 ngonyaka ka-2017.
Kwakuyi-3 ekhulwini yeGDP. Ukwakhiwa, ukuthengisa kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu kwakuyi-1.07 trillion, okanye iipesenti ezi-6 ze-GDP.
Inkxalabo yemali ka-2008 yaqhuma umbhobho kwizindlu. Ukwakhiwa kweendawo zokuhlala kuhlala kwafikelela kwinqanaba lika-2005 xa longeza i-$ 872 yezigidigidi kwi-GDP. Ukuthelekiswa kwexesha kuhlale kulungelelaniswa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Akuzange iqhube ngaphantsi kwe-2010, xa kuphela i-382 billion yezigidigidi. Igalelo lezezindlu kwi-GDP liye laphuma kwi-6.1% ukuya kwi-2.6 ekhulwini ngeli xesha.
Ukwakhiwa kwezentengiso kunye kunye nokuhlala kwenzelwe i-$ 1.3 trillion, okanye i-9.1 ekhulwini ye-GDP, ekuphakanyeni kwayo ngo-2005. Yawela kwi-$ 748.7 yezigidigidi ngonyaka we-2010, ama-5.1 ekhulwini we-GDP.
Utshintsho kwi-Private Inventory yimalini iinkampani ezongezelelweyo kwiimpahla zezinto eziceba ukuzithengisa. Xa i-oda ze-inventories zanda, ithetha ukuba iinkampani zifumana imiyalelo yeempahla ezingenayo kwisitokisi. Bayalela ukuba baninzi ngokwaneleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba iinkampani zibe nolwazi olwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba zingadumisi kwaye zijikelele abathengi abanakho. Ngoko ke, ukwanda kwezinto ezizimeleyo kubangela i-GDP.
Ukuncipha kwii-oda zamatyala ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba amashishini abona ukufunwa kwemfuno . Njengoko izakhiwo zakha, iinkampani ziya kunciphisa umveliso. Ukuba kuqhubeka ixesha elaneleyo, ke ukutshatyalaliswa kulandelayo. Ngako oko, utshintsho kwizinto ezizimeleyo zibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo, nangona lube negalelo elingaphantsi kwe-1 ekhulwini le-GDP ngo-2017.
3. Ulwabiwo-Rhu lumente
Inkcitho kaRhulumente yayiyi $ 2.9 trillion ngo-2017. Yiyo i-17 ekhulwini ye-GDP yonke. Ngaphantsi kwama-19 ekhulwini kuye kwaba negalelo ngo-2006. Ngamanye amagama, urhulumente wachitha ixesha xa uqoqosho lukhula ngaphambi kokunciphisa. Yiyo kanye xa bekufanele ukuba ichithe ngaphantsi ukupholisa izinto. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincinci ngoku kungumphumo wokutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo, okuye kwaphulukana nexesha elibi. Amanyathelo okulungiswa akufanele asetyenziswe xa uqoqosho lukhuni ukufumana.
Urhulumente wezepolitiki wachitha i-1.12 trillion ngo-2017. Phantse ama-60 ekhulwini yayingeniso lomkhosi . Umbuso karhulumente kunye nomrhumo karhulumente wendawo wenyuka ukuya kuma-10 ekhulwini Olu konyuka kukuba i-revenue revenue ephuculwe ngoku ukuba ukuphelelwa kwemali kuphelile.
4. Intengiso yeeNkcitho zeeMpahla kunye neeNkonzo
Ukungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuhambelana nemiphumo eyahlukileyo kwi-GDP. Iindleko ezithengiswayo zongeza kwi-GDP kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. I-United States ingenise ngaphezu kwezinto ezithumela ngaphandle, ukudala ukulahleka kwezorhwebo . Kungenxa yokuba iMelika isangenisa i-petroleum eninzi, nangona izuzwe kwimveliso yeoli ye-shale . Uqoqosho lwase-US lusekelwe kwiinkonzo, ezinzima ukuthumela ngaphandle. Ngo-2017, ukuhanjiswa kwamanye amazwe kwathatha i-$ 2.81 trillion, ngelixa ukuthumela ngaphandle kwongeze i-$ 2.19 yezigidigidi. Ngenxa yoko, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lukhupha i-$ 620 yezigidigidi ukusuka kwi-GDP. Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo zikwinqaku le- Import and Export Components .
Amacandelo e-2017 GDP Ishadi
| Icandelo | Inani (iiligidi) | Ipesenti |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusetyenziswa komntu | $ 11.89 | 78% |
| Iimpahla | $ 4.23 | 25% |
| Izinto ezinokuhlala | $ 1.70 | 10% |
| Iimpahla ezingapheliyo | $ 2.58 | 15% |
| Iinkonzo | $ 7.68 | 45% |
| Utyalo mali | $ 2.95 | 17% |
| Zi cwangciswe | $ 2.92 | 17% |
| Engekho yo kuhlala | $ 2.31 | 14% |
| Zorhwebo | $ 0.47 | 3% |
| Impahla Eyinkunzi | $ 1.10 | 6% |
| Intellectual (Software) | $ 0.75 | 4% |
| Eyokuhla | $ 0.60 | 3% |
| Shintsha kwiiNdawo zeMpahla | $ 0.02 | 0% |
| INtengiso | ($ 0.62) | (4%) |
| I ntengiso | $ 2.19 | 13% |
| Ukungenisa | $ 2.81 | 16% |
| Lumente | $ 2.90 | 17% |
| Federal | $ 1.12 | 7% |
| Khuselo | $ 0.67 | 4% |
| URhulumente kunye neNgingqi | $ 1.79 | 10% |
| GDP | $ 17.10 | 100% |
(Umthombo: " Iingcamango nezindlela ze-US National Revenue and Accounts Accounts ," iBusiness Economic Analysis, Oktobha 2016.)