Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zensimbi?
Ngokwenene, isinyithi sakhiwa yinyithi kunye nekhabhoni, nangona kungumlinganiselo wekhabhoni, kunye nezinga lokungcola kunye nezinye izinto ezongezelelekileyo eziza kubeka iipropati zesigaba ngasinye sesimbi.
Umxholo wekhabhoni kwisinyithi unokuqala ukusuka kwi-0.1-1.5%, kodwa amanqaku asetshenzisiweyo kakhulu asetyenziswayo kuphela ane-0.1-0.25% ye-carbon.
Izinto ezifana ne- manganese , i-phosphorus, ne-sulfuri zifumaneka kuwo onke amabakala ensimbi, kodwa, kanti i-manganese inika imiphumo emihle, i-phosphorus ne-sulfuri iyonakalisa amandla namandla ensimbi.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ziveliswa ngokwezakhiwo ezifunekayo kwisicelo sabo, kwaye iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula amaxabiso asekelwe ezi ndawo. Ngokwe-American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), insimbi ingabelana ngokubanzi ngamaqela amane ngokuqulunqwa kwamakhemikhali:
- ICarbon Steels
- Iitoli zeAlloy
- Izitya ezingenanto
- Izixhobo zeTshayeli
ICarbon Steels
Iibhethi zeCarbon ziqulethe imilinganiselo yokulandelelana kwezinto kunye ne-akhawunti ye-90% yemveliso yentsimbi. Iibhethi zeCarbon zingabandakanywa ngakumbi kumaqela amathathu kuxhomekeke kwimixholo yazo yekhabhoni:
- Izityela eziphantsi zeCarbon / izitoli ezincinci ziquke kwi-carbon 0.3%
- I-Carbon Steels ephakathi iqulethe i-0.3-0.6% i-carbon
- Iinqwelisi eziphezulu zeCarbon ziqulethe ngaphezu kwe-0.6% i-carbon
Iitoli zeAlloy
Iibhentshi ze-alloy ziqulethe izinto ezinxulumene nazo (umzekelo, i-manganese, i-silicon, i- nickel , i- titanium , ithusi , i- chromium , kunye ne- aluminium ) ngokulinganayo ukuze kusebenze iipropati zensimbi, ezinjengobunzima bokuqina , ukuxhatshazwa kwe- acrosoft , amandla , ukulungiswa, ukukhwelisa okanye ukukhwabanisa.
Izicelo ze-alloys zensimbi ziquka iipayipi, izingxenye zomoto, abaguquleli, ii-generator zamandla kunye neenjini zombane.
Izitya ezingenanto
Iibhotile ezingenanto Ngokubanzi iqulethe phakathi kwe-10-20% ye-chromium njengento ebalulekileyo yokubamba iqela kwaye ixabiswa ukunyanzelwa kokuqina kwe-corrosion. Ngaphezulu kwe-11% ye-chromium, insimbi ingama-200 engamelana nokubola kunezinyithi ezincinci. Ezi zithethi ziyakwazi ukwahlula zibe ngamaqela amathathu ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo sawo samakhristallini:
- I-Austenitic : Ama-steels ase-Austenitic ayilona magnetic non-heat-treatable, kwaye ngokubanzi aqukethe i-18% ye-chromium, i-8% ye-nickel kwaye iphantsi kwe-0.8% ye-carbon. Izitishi zase-Austenitic zenza inxalenye enkulu kwiimakethe zensimbi ezingenasici kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokucubungula ukutya, izitya zasekhishini kunye nokubhobhoza.
- I-Ferritic : Iibhenti zeFerritic ziqulethe i-nickel, i-12-17% ye-chromium, ngaphantsi kwe-0.1% ye-carbon, kunye nezinye izinto ezixhamlayo, njenge- molybdenum , i-aluminium okanye i-titan. Ezi zinyabizi zamagneti azikwazi kunzima ngonyango olushushu kodwa zinokuqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda .
- I-Martensitic : Iibhenti ze-Martensitic ziqukethe i-11-17% ye-chromium, ngaphantsi kwe-0.4% ye-nickel, kwaye ifike kwi-1.2% yekhabhoni. Ezi steels eziphathekayo kunye nezoshisa zisetyenziswe kwiimingxuma, izixhobo zokusika, kunye nezixhobo zamazinyo kunye nezixhobo zokucoca.
Izixhobo zeTshayeli
Izixhobo eziphathekayo ziqukethe i- tungsten , i-molybdenum, i- cobalt kunye ne-vanadium ngokulingana nokunyusa ukunyamezela ukushisa nokuzinza, okwenza kube lula ukuchonga izixhobo zokusebenza.
Iimveliso zensimbi nazo zingahlulwa ngokwemilo yazo kunye nezicelo ezihambelanayo:
- Imveliso emide / i-Tubular ibandakanya imivalo kunye neendonga, iinqwelo, iingcingo, ii-angles, imibhobho, kunye nemilo kunye namacandelo. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimigangatho yezimoto kunye nokwakha.
- Iipropati zePlates ziquka amacwecwe, amaphepha, iikhoyili kunye nemichilo. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yezimoto, izixhobo zokusebenza, ukupakisha, ukwakha iinqanawa kunye nokwakhiwa.
- Ezinye iiMveliso zibandakanya iigufi, ukufakwa kunye namaflangane kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengempahla yokubhobhoza.
Imithombo
- World Steel Association. Iwebhusayithi: www.worldsteel.org
- Kwizitalato, uArthur & Alexander, WO-1944. Izitya kwiNkonzo yoMntu . Udidi lwe-11 (1998).
- Efunda.com. Iimpahla eziqhelekileyo zeSteli . Iwebhusayithi: www.efunda.com
- I-American Iron & Steel Institute. www.steel.org