Izinto ezixhamle kuzo zonke
Nangona iipropati zayo zombane, ngokudibanisa nobuncwane bayo kunye nokungasebenzi, ziye zanceda ubhedu ukuba libe yingxenye ebalulekileyo yezothungelwano lwehlabathi. Unombala obomvu obumnandi ( obulula ngokukhawuleza kwi- patina eluhlaza) okwenza isinyithi ibe yinto efunwayo yabaculi kunye nabaqulunqi.
Properties Properties
- Amandla : Ikoporo yintsimbi ebuthakathaka enegunya eliqinileyo malunga nesiqingatha se-carbon carbon. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni ukubheduka kulula ngokusetyenzwa ngesandla kodwa akuyiyo into efanelekileyo yokwenza izicelo zesakhiwo.
- Ubunzima : Ikopi ingabi namandla, kodwa akulula ukuphula ngenxa yobunzima bayo. Le propati ifumaneka ngokufanelekileyo kwimibhobho yesibhobho kunye ne-tube, apho ukuphuka kuyingozi kwaye kuyabiza.
- I-Ductility : I- Copper yiductile kakhulu kwaye ibuye ingabonakali kakhulu. Amashishini kagesi kunye namacwecwe agxininisa kwi-ductility yobhedu.
- Ukuqhuba: Okwesibini kuphela kwisilivere, ubhedu abukho nje umqhubi wombane obalaseleyo kodwa kunye nokushisa. Ngenxa yoko, ubhedu busebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezinjenge-cookware, apho kusondela ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwindawo yokutya ngaphakathi.
Imbali
I-Copper, ngokwezinto ezifunyenwe ngophando lwezinto eziphambili, yayisisiseko sokuqala esisetyenziswe ngabantu baseNolithic ukuxhasa izixhobo zakhe zamatye ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 000 eyadlulayo.
Ubuninzi bebhedu obunxweme eMbusweni waseRoma buvela eKhupro kwaye bubizwa ngokuthi yiCyprium okanye emva kweNdebe yeComprum, ngoko ke igama lamanje, ubhedu.
Phantse ku-5000 BC, ibhusi, i-alloy yobhedu kunye ne-tin, yazisa ixesha elitsha lokwenza lula ngokubhedu. Iipropati ze-Copper antibacterial zisetyenzisiwe kwiYiputa yamandulo ukunyanzelisa amanzi nokukhusela izifo.
Ngama-600 BC, ityhefu yabona ukusetyenziswa kwayo yokuqala njengendlela yokutshintshiselana ngemali.
ICopper kwindawo yeMarike
Ngokutsho kweCopper.org, amacandelo amathandathu aphezulu asetyenziso lwezotshoni yaseMntla waseMelika akha i-wire, iplumbing kunye nokufudumala, iimoto, izixhobo zombane, i-air conditioning kunye nefriji, kunye ne-telecommunications. I-International Copper Association iqikelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweethusi ehlabathini lonke ngo-2014 bekuyi-21 yezigidi zeetrikriyoni.
I-Copper isuswa kwi-ore esityebileyo ye-sulfide, echitshiweyo namhlanje ukusuka kwimimandla emikhulu evulekile eMzantsi Melika, eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMbindi Mpuma. Emva kokucocwa, ityhefu ingathengiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoshishino okanye njengama-cathodes e-copper, ayenziwa ngemveliso kwi-COMEX, i-LME ne-SHFE. I-Copper ibuye iphinde ibuyeke kwakhona, ihlinzeke ngemithombo yobhedu ngaphandle kweendawo ezincinci ezikhoyo.
IiAlloys eziqhelekileyo
- I-bronze: 88-95% ye-Cu ngesisindo. Isetshenziswe kwiingqekembe, ngamacangci, kunye nemifanekiso.
- I-Aluminium yobhedu: 74-95% Cu ngesisindo. Ukumelana nokunyuka kwe-corrosion ephezulu kunokuba ibhedu rhoqo kwaye iluncedo kwizicelo zasolwandle.
- I-Brass : uluhlu olubanzi lweeallo ezine-50-90% ye-Cu ngesisindo. Yenziwe kuyo yonke into esuka kwii-cartridges zeenqwelo-moya ukuya kubasebenzi.
- I-Cupronickel : 55-90% Cu ngokulinganisa. Isetyenzisiwe kwiingqekembe, izicelo zaselwandle, kunye nezixhobo zomculo.
- Isilivere yesilivere: 60% Cu ngesisindo. Ayikho isilivere, kodwa ibonakala ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngezixhobo zomculo kunye neendwanguzo.
- I-Beryllium yobhedu : 97-99.5% ye-Cu ngesisindo. Isalathisi esomeleleyo esomeleleyo kodwa esinobutyhefu engabonakaliyo, eyenza ikhuseleke ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zegesi eziyingozi.
Amazwi anomdla
- Nangona ubhedu ngumqhubi wombane ophezulu, amaninzi amaninzi kagesi ehlabathini ayenziwa nge- aluminium ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza okufanayo.
- I-Copper yayivunwa ngendlela ecocekileyo ngo-4000 BC kwi-Lake Superior kwindawo e-United States. Abemi basebenzise isinyithi yezixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ukususela nge-1840s ukuya ku-1969, iCopper Harbour yayingenye yezona ndawo ezivelisa kakhulu ukukhupha izityezelo zehlabathi.
- I-Statue of Liberty ifakwe kwiimitha ezili-62 000 zethusi! Umbala wakhe obomvu ubizwa ngokuba yi-patina, umphumo wokubonakalisa umoya emoyeni kwiminyaka yakhe eyi-25 yokuqala.