Yintoni ubhedu?
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo njengomqhubi wombane, ubhedu ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka kwizicelo ezihambelanayo, kubandakanywa kwimbambo yamakhaya ethu namaofisi, nakwiisekethe, ii-connectors kunye nezinto ezenza zonke izixhobo zombane zisebenza.
- Iimpawu
- Imbali
- U ku velisa
- I-ASTM Idumo
- Amanani
- Izicelo
Iimpawu
Ubhedu obunobumba obomvu obomvu obunobomvu obunombala obomvu obonakala obomvu obunokuthi, xa ubonakala kwimihlaba ephazamisayo, ungathatha i- patina ehlaza . Olu luhlu oluluhlaza lwe-sulfate (okanye ubhedu lwe-carbonate) lubangelwa yinkqubo yamachiza eyenziwa yi-alkalis, i-ammonia, i-sulfate compounds kunye namanzi emvula acidic.
Nangona i-patina yobhedu ibonisa ukubola , isebenza ukukhusela isinyithi ekungcoleni. Ngesi sizathu, i-alloys zobhedu kunye neethusi zivame ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zasolwandle nezakhiwo.
Imbali
I-Copper ithathwa njengenye yeesinyithi zokuqala ezisetyenziswe ngabantu. Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokufunyanwa kwayo kwangaphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kukuba ubhedu bunokuvela ngokwemvelo kwiifom ezicocekileyo.
Nangona izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobhedu kunye nezinto zokuhlobisa eziye zafunyanwa ngo-9 000 BC ziye zafunyanwa, ubungqina bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuba kwakuyiMesophotamiya yokuqala, malunga ne-5000 ukuya kuma-6000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, eyona yokuqala yayiwukwazi ukukhangela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhupha nokusebenza ngobhedu .
Ukungabi nolwazi lwangoku lweemetallurgy, iintlanga zokuqala, kuquka iMesopotamiya, abaseYiputa kunye namaMerika aseMerika, baxabisa ubuninzi bezityebhile, bezisebenzisa njengegolide kunye nesilivere ekuveliseni izinto zokuhlobisa kunye nemigcobo.
U ku velisa
I-Copper idla ngokusuka kwi-oxide ne-sulfide ores equle phakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-2.0 yepesenti yobhedu.
Izindlela zokucoca eziqeshwe ngabavelisi bezothusi zixhomekeke kwimiba ye-ore, kunye nezinye izinto zezoqoqosho nezendalo. Okwangoku, malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zeemveliso zethusi zehlabathi zikhishwe kwimithombo ye-sulfide.
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwe-ore, i-ore yombini echitshiweyo kufuneka iqale igxininiswe ukususa i-gangue, izinto ezingafunekiyo ezifakwe kwi-ore. Isinyathelo sokuqala kule nkqubo siyanqumla kwaye siphumeza i-ore kwibhola okanye intonga yendonga. Cishe zonke i-ores ze-sulfide-type ores, eziquka i-chalcocite (Cu 2 S), i-chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ) kunye ne-covellite (CuS), ziphathwa ngokushushumbisa.
Emva kokutyhoboza i-ore ukuya kwipowder ecocekileyo, ke igxininiswa yi-froth flotation, efuna ukudibanisa i-ore ene-powder ne-reagents ezidibanisa nobhedu ukwenza i-hydrophobic. Umxube uya kuhlamba emanzini kunye ne-agent ephothuzelayo, ekhuthaza ukunyuka.
Izicelo
Ukusuka kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokubanjelwa kombane kwipropati kunye neeseli ze-photovoltaic ukuya kwi-saxophones, ubhedu kunye nama-alloys ayo aqeshwe kwizinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ekupheleni. Enyanisweni, ukusetyenziswa kwezitye kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini abalulekileyo kuye kwabangela ukuba utyalo-mali lube luya kuba xabiso lombhebhe njengesalathisi sempilo yezoqoqosho jikelele, ekhupha i-moniker 'uDkt. Ikopi '.
Ukuqonda ngokucacileyo izicelo ezahlukeneyo zobhedu, i-Copper Development Association (i-CDA) iye yahlula ngamacandelo amane okusetyenziswa: ugesi, ukwakhiwa, izithuthi kunye nezinye. Ipesenti yemveliso yobhedu yomhlaba wonke eqikelelwa yi-CDA iya kuba:
- 65%
- Ukwakhiwa 25%
- Zothutho 7%
- 3%
Ngaphandle kwesilivere, ubhedu ngumqhubi wombane osebenzayo. Oku, kudibaniswa nokuxhatshazwa kwe- corrosion , uductility, ukungasebenzi, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza kumanethiwekhi amaninzi amaninzi, kwenza ukuba insimbi ibe yinto efanelekileyo yombane wombane.
> Imithombo
> I-European Copper Institute. Izicelo.
URL: http://copperalliance.eu/
I-Copper Development Association Inc. Izicelo
URL: https://www.copper.org/applications/
Schoolscience.co.uk. I-Copper - Eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Imayini yeCopper.
URL: http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/cda/14-16/cumining/copch2pg2.html