Funda ukuba Ziziphi iimpawu eziMagnetic nesizathu

Ezinye iimbane ze-magnetic zihlukile kunezinye

Amagnethe ayenzixhobo ezivelisa izixhobo ezinamandla, ezenza umdlalo oluthile. Wonke umlenze unomntla kunye nesondlo sezantsi. Izibonda ezichasayo zikhawuleza, ngelixa izibonda zihlaziya.

Ngelixa amaninzi amatshini akwenziwa kwintsimbi kunye ne-alloys zetsimbi, izazinzulu ziye zaceba iindlela zokudala iimakethe ezivela kwizinto ezidibeneyo, njengama-polymers magnetic.

Yintoni eyenza iMagnetism

I-Magnetism kwisinyithi yenziwe ngokungahambisani nokungalingani kwama-elektronti kwi-atom zezinto ezithile zetsimbi.

Ukujikeleza okungaqhelekanga kunye nokunyakaza okubangelwa ukusabalalisa okungafaniyo kwee-elektrons kushintshela inkokhelo ngaphakathi kwe-athomu ngasemva nangaphezulu, ukudala idipol magnetic.

Xa idipol magnetic idibanisa idala idibanti yamagnetic, indawo eneemandla ezikummandla osenyakatho kunye nezantsi.

Kwizinto ezingenasiswanga, izizinda zamagnetic zijongene nezikhokelo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhansela omnye ngaphandle. Nangona kwizinto ezifake umbane, ezininzi zezi domains zihambelanisiwe, zikhomba ngolu hlobo olunye, oludala intsimi yamandla. Imimandla engaphezulu ehambelana kunye namandla onamandla amakhulu.

Iintlobo zamaMagnet

• Amagetsi angapheliyo (awaziwayo njengamagetsi anamandla) ngabo bahlala bevelisa i-field magnetic. Le ntsimi yamandla ibangelwa yi-ferromagnetism kwaye iyona ndlela inamandla kunazo zonke.
• Amagnetta okwethutyana (ayaziwa nangokuthi amatshini athambileyo) asemagqabini kuphela ngelixa ebusweni bendalo.
• Ii-electromagnets zidinga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kagesi ukuze ziqhube iintambo zazo zombhoyili ukwenzela ukuvelisa i-magnetic field.

Ukuphuhliswa kwamaMagnet

Abalobi bamaGrike, baseNdiya nabaseTshayina babhala ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nokugqithisa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2000 edlulileyo. Uninzi lwale nkcazelo lwalusekelwe ekuqwalaseleni umphumo wendwendwe (i-mineral mineral iron mineral) eyenziwa ngokwemvelo) ngentsimbi.

Uphando olusesekuqaleni lwe-magnetism lwaluqhutyelwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, nangona kunjalo, ukuphuhliswa kwamaginjini anamandla anamhlanje akuzange kwenzeke kude kube ngekhulu lama-20.

Ngaphambi kowe-1940, izilwanyana ezisisigxina zazisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezisisiseko kuphela, njengeefomasi kunye neenjini zombane ezibizwa ngokuthi magnetos. Ukuphuhliswa kweemakethe zeruminium-nickel-cobalt (Alnico) zivumela amagnethe okusisigxina ukuba athathe i-electromagnet kwiimotors, i-generator kunye ne-loudspeakers.

Ukudalwa kwamagxolo e-samarium-cobalt (SmCo) kwiminyaka yee-1970 kwavelisa iimakethi ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwamandla kagesi ngokuphindaphindiweyo njenganoma yimuphi umbane okhoyo ngaphambili.

Ekuqaleni kwee-1980, uphando olongezelelweyo kwiimpawu zamagnetic zezinto ezingabonakaliyo zomhlaba zakhokelela ekufumaneni i-neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet, ekhokelela ekuphindwe kabini kwamandla magneti ngaphezu kwamagnethe eSmCo.

Amashishini omhlaba asetyenziswe kuyo yonke into esuka kwiiwindi zokubukela kunye ne-iPads ukuya kuma-motors eneenqwelo zokuhamba kunye neenjini zomoya.

Magnetism kunye nobushushu

Iimpawu kunye nezinye izinto zinezigaba ezahlukahlukeneyo zamagnetic, kuxhomekeke kubushushu bendawo apho zikhona khona. Ngenxa yoko, isinyithi sinokubonisa uhlobo olungaphezulu kweyodwa.

Intsimbi, umzekelo, ilahlekelwa ngumbane wayo, ibe yi-paramagnetic, xa ishushu ngaphezu kwe-1418 ° F (770 ° C). Iqondo lokushisa apho isithithi esilahlekelwa yimandla yamagnetic ibizwa ngokuba yiqondo lokushisa kweCurie.

Intsimbi, i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel yimizimba yodwa e-kwifom yesimbi - ibe ne-Curie ukushisa ngaphezulu kweqondo lokushisa.

Ngaloo ndlela, zonke izixhobo zamagnetic maziqulethe enye yalezi zinto.

Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ze-Ferromagnetic kunye neCurie zaseHestern