Ngaba Kuya Kuphela?
Isebe le- Treasury yase-US lilawula i-Trust Fund phantsi kolawulo lweBhodi elungu lesithandathu.
Ngomhla weJulayi, iBhodi ibika kwiNgqungquthela kwiimeko zemali kunye neenkcukacha zeengxowa-mali ze-trust.
Imithombo emithathu yeNgxowa-mali
Imithombo emithathu yentlawulo yengxowa-mali yeNtlalo. Abasebenzi banikela ipesenti ezingama-85 ngeentlawulo zerhafu. Inzala kwimali engaphezu kwemali ebanjwe nguNondyebo ihlawula iipesenti ezili-11. Abaxhamli beli xesha bahlawula iipesenti ezi-3 ezisele.
Ukukhuselwa kweNtlalontle njani
I-Nondyebo yase-US kufuneka ifake imali yengeniso yeNhlalakahle kwi-" securities eqinisekisiwe kuyo zombini inqununu nomdla nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni." I-Nondyebo ibonisa ukuba le mfanelo yeemali ezikhethekileyo i-US Treasury bonds . Kukho iintlukwano ezintathu. Ayezithengiswanga, zifumaneka kuphela kwiimali zetrust, kwaye zithengwa kuphela ngeerhafu zerhafu. I-Nondyebo iyahlengahlengisa le mibhanki, inomdla, ukuhlawula izibonelelo. Imali yokuhlenga iibhondi ivela kwi-General Fund.
Emva koko, irhafu yentlawulo iya kwi-General Fund, apho ihlawula iindleko zorhulumente.
Yiloo ndlela abaMongameli "baboleka ngayo" imali kwiNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko loLuntu. Iimali ezibolekelelwe zenza ukuba iincithakalo zabo zibukeke zincinci. Imali eyimali ehlawulwayo iyaqhubeka ibonisa ityala. Ngaphezulu, thelekisa iMali-mboleko yase-US nguMongameli kwi- US Deficit nguMongameli .
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye abagxeki bathi "umcimbi okhethekileyo" unobuncwane "awunanto engaphezulu kweYOUs." Kungenxa yokuba iza kuxhamla kwiirhafu ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje ukuhlawula ezinye iinkqubo zikaRhulumente. (Umthombo: iLifa leMveli, elilahlekisa uluntu.)
Imbali
Ngo-Agasti 14, 1935, uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt watyikitya komthetho uMthetho woKhuseleko loLuntu. Yakha inkqubo yokuhlawula umvuzo kwabasebenzi abahlala phantsi (65 okanye ngaphezulu). Iimali zoKhuselo loLuntu zivela kwiirhafu zerhafu, ezaziwa ngokuba yiFICA. I-Fund ye-Social Security Trust yasungulwa ngowe-1937 ukulawula ingeniso eqokelelelwe kule ntlawulo ukwenzela ukuba inokubanjiswa kwakhona njengeNkcazo yeNhlalakahle yeNhlalakahle.
Ukususela ngoko, i-Trust Fund ifumene ngaphezulu kwimali engenayo kunokuba ihlawulwe kwiintlawulo. Kungenxa yokuma kwabantu baseMelika. Kuze kube kutshanje, bekukho abasebenzi abangu-2.9 kubo bonke abaxhamliweyo. Imali engaphezulu iye yangena kwingxowa-mali ngeentlawulo zerhafu ngaphandle kokuphuma njengezibonelelo. Ndiyabulela kule minyaka emininzi yemali engenayo imali, iFund yayinayo i-2.8 trillion e-asethi kwiimpahla-mali-mali ngo-2016.
Kwakhona kubangelwa ukunyuka kweerhafu kunye nokulungiswa kwezibonelelo. Ngowe-1977, izinga lokuhlawula irhafu laphakanyiswa ukusuka kwi-6.45% ukuya kuma-7.65 ekhulwini. I-Trust Trust iye yabamba intsalela ukususela ngoko. (Umthombo: Imbali Yokhuseleko Lentlalo)
INgxowa ifumana inzala yengeniso ukusuka ekutyaleni kwayo "kwi-issue special". Ireyiti yokubuyisela imiselwe ngumgaqo owenziwe ngo-1960, kwaye utshintsha inyanga nganye. Isilinganiso semyinge ngenyanga nganye ngo-2016 yayingu-1.813 ekhulwini.
Nangona kunjalo, izinga elilinganayo kuwo onke amaxabiso e-Fund (i-$ 2.6 trillion) yayiphezulu, ama-3.154 ekhulwini, kuba i-fund ihlala ibanjene nezibophelelo kwiminyaka edluleyo xa inani lamanani liphezulu.
Solvency
Kwiminyaka, iBhodi yeTrasti yaxwayisa ukuba utshintsho lwabantu abadala i-surplus luya kukhokelela ekupheleni kweNgxowa-mali. Njengoko abantwana abancinci bavula iminyaka engama-65, beshiya abasebenzi ukuba bathathe umhlalaphantsi, kuya kuba nabasebenzi abancinci abondla abaninzi abahlala phantsi. Inkathazo yezezimali ka-2008 iye yakhawuleza le ndlela. Ukungena kwemisebenzi ephezulu kuthethwa kwintlawulo yeerhafu yokuhlawula irhafu.
Ngo-2010, i- Obama tax tax cut , yanciphisa i-OASDI yentlawulo yeerhafu ngamaphesenti a-2, ngelixa isandula i- Bush tax cuts . Enyanisweni, lowo wawungunyaka wokuqala ukuba ingeniso yeNtlalo yeNhlala-mali ayanele ngokwanele ukufumana iingeniso. Ingxowa yafumana kuphela i-$ 637 yezigidigidi ukusuka kwiirhafu zerhafu kodwa ikhokhe i-$ 702 yezigidigidi kwizibonelelo.
Nangona kunjalo, enye ingeniso, ukusuka kwiimali-mali kunye neerhafu kwiintlawulo, ngaphezu kokuhlawula iindleko zayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Trust Fund yenze i-$ 2 yezigidigidi kwi-General Fund.
Ngo-2011, imeko yanda. Iindleko zeeNgxowa-mali ziyi-736.1 yezigidigidi, kuquka ne-725 yeeRhafu ezihlawulwa ngqo kwiintlawulo. Nangona kunjalo, ingeniso yayo evela kwiirhafu kunye notyalo-mali bekuyi-$ 702.4 yezigidigidi kuphela. I-Fund yafuna imali eyi-102.1 yezigidi ezivela kwi-General Fund, okwenza kube ngumnyaka wokuqala kwiNgxowa-mali eyabangela ukulahleka kwebhajethi . Imali yezocwangciso zezemali yaphela i-2 yeepesenti yokuhlawula irhafu yerhafu. Imirhumo ye-Obamacare kwimindeni efumana imali ephezulu iqala ngowama-2013. Leyo ngeniso eyongeziweyo kwiNgxowa-mali, kwaye iphuculise ukungena kwayo kwemali.
Kodwa akuyi kunceda ekutshintsheni kwexesha elide elichazwe ngaphambili. I-$ 2.9 trillion yeFund kwiimpahla ingachithwa ngo-2038. Ngaloo xesha, ingeniso yerhafu yomvuzo iya kufikelela i-75 yeepesenti zonyaka.
Ukulungiswa koKhuseleko loLuntu
Iziphakamiso ezahlukeneyo ziphuhliswa ukubuyisela isisombululo. Zifuna ukuncipha kwiintlawulo ezihlawulwayo, ukwanda kweerhafu okanye ukwanda kwetyala. Ekubeni ityala lisele lingenakulondolozwa, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka bakhethe phakathi kwezinto ezimbini eziseleyo, ezingathandekiyo. Ngenxa yoko, akukho utshintsho lokwenene lokubuyisela ukuhlengahlengiswa kweNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo sele kuphunyeziwe.