Ngaba Ba sebenza?
AmaRiphabhlikhi akhuthaza uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho . Le ngqungquthela ithi ukunciphisa ibhishini, ukuthengisa nezindleko zotyalo-mali yindlela efanelekileyo yokunyusa ukukhula. Abatyalomali bathenga iinkampani ezininzi okanye iimpahla. Amabhanki akwandisa ukuboleka kweshishini. Abanikazi batyalomali kwimisebenzi yabo kwaye baqeshe abasebenzi.
Aba basebenzi bachitha umvuzo wabo, imfuno yokuqhuba nokukhula koqoqosho.
AmaRiphabhulikhi achaza i- American Dream njengelungelo lokuphishekela ukuchuma ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kukaRhulumente. Oku kuphunyezwe ngokuzimela, ishishini, ukugcina nokutyalomali ngabanye. UWarren Harding wathi, "Urhulumente ophantsi kwishishini kunye nezoshishino kurhulumente." UCalvin Coolidge wathi, "Ibhizinisi eliphambili labantu baseMerika li shishini."
UHerbert Hoover wayengummeli oqinileyo wemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho . Wayekholelwa ukuba imarike yamahhala yayiza kuzinyameka ngexesha loPhulo oluPhulu . Wayevakalelwa kukuba uncedo loqoqosho luya kwenza abantu bayeke ukusebenza. Ukukhathazeka kwakhe okukhulu kukugcina uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. URonald Reagan wathi, "URhulumente akasisisombululo kwiingxaki zethu. URhulumente unengxaki." (Umthombo: "Ukubuyisela i-American Dream," i-Republican Platform, i-GOP.)
Imirhumo
AmaRiphabhliki afuna ukunyuswa kweerhafu kumashishini kunye nabafumana umvuzo ophezulu.
Bakhuthaza nokunyuka kweerhafu kwiinzuzo ezinkulu kunye negalelo ekuphuculiseni utyalo-mali. I-theory-side theory ithi zonke izicucu zerhafu , nokuba ngamashishini okanye abasebenzi, zikhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukunyuka kwehla kukuthi ukucutha kwentela okujoliswe kuyo kusebenza kangcono kunezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ikhuthaza ukunyuka kwiinkampani, iintlawulo ezinkulu kunye nentlawulo yokulondoloza.
Ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho kubonisa ukuba ukwandiswa okuveliswe ngongeniso lwerhafu kunele ukwandisa isiseko seerhafu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ingeniso eyongeziweyo esuka kwimoya esomeleleyo yonakalisa nayiphi na imali yokulahleka kwengeniso evela kwiirhafu zerhafu.
Ngokomzekelo, uMongameli waseRiphablikhi uDonald Trump ucebise ukunyuka kwentlawulo yengeniso. Wancoma ukuzuza kweenkunzi kunye neentengo zentlawulo yomvuzo ngamnye wonke umntu owenza ngaphantsi kwama-$ 50,000 ngonyaka. Uya kunciphisa izinga lokuhlawula irhafu. Wayekhuthaza ukunyuswa kwezomnotho xa uthe ukunyuka kuza kugcina ukukhula ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukulahleka kwemali.
Ngo-2010, iqela leToka elidumileyo lafumana amandla ngokukhuthaza ukuncitshiswa kwee-rhu lumente kunye neentengo zerhafu. Ngenxa yoko, iCongress yandisa i- Bush tax cuts , kwanokuba imizi ifumana i-$ 250,000 okanye ngaphezulu.
Miselo
Imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali- ntle ifumaneka ukurhoxiswa . AmaRiphabhulikhi afune ukuba urhulumente angenelele kwizoqoqosho-mali . Xa imarike yamahhala ikhululekile ukubeka amanani, ihlala igaxa ngenxa yoko. Imarike engavumelekanga ivumela ezintsha izinto kumashishini avela kumashishini amancinci amancinci. Ummiselo unokudala ubudlelwane obuhle kakhulu phakathi kwamashishini kunye nabalawuli bawo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amashishini amakhulu anokufumana ulawulo lwee-arhente zazo zolawulo.
Baya kudala i- monopolies .
Kodwa ukuchithwa kwemali kuye kwabuyela kwiRiphabhliki. Ngo-1999, iCongress yase-Republican elawulwa yiConferensi yadlulisa uMthetho we-Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Iphelile umgaqo-bhanki obizwa ngokuthi i- Glass-Steagall . Yayivumele iibhanki zentengiso ukuba zisebenzise idizithi zokuxhasa imali yokuthenga i-stock market . Ngo-2005, iibhanki zorhwebo ezifana neCitigroup zenze imali kwiimveliso eziyingozi. Ngokukhawuleza kwakhokelela kwingxaki yemali ka - 2008 .
LweNtlalontle
AmaRiphabhlikhi athembisa ukunciphisa imali kwiinkqubo zentlalo ezifana nentlalo. Kungenxa yokuba bakholelwa ukuba ezi nkqubo zinciphisa iqhinga eliqhuba i- capitalism .
Ukhathalelo lwempilo
AmaRiphabhuliki afuna ukufumana urhulumente ngaphandle kokubonelela ngononophelo lwempilo. Esikhundleni saloo nto, babeza kunika iikhredithi zerhafu ukunceda abantu bahlawule inshuwalense yabucala. Baya kunika ixabiso lokuncitshiswa kweerhafu kwiAccounts Savings Accounts.
Esikhundleni seMedicaid, babeza kunika izibonelelo zeblothi zokusebenzisa njengoko zifuna. Funda eminye imizekelo yendlela uDonald Trump kunye namaRiphabhlikhi abaya kutshintsha ngayo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo .
Khu seleko ka Zwelonke
Ukusetyenziswa kweRiphablikhi kuphela yerhulumente ayiyi kunqunyulwa. Esikhundleni saloo nto, basoloko benomdla wokunyuka kwemali yempi . Bathetha ukuba ukukhusela okunamandla kuyimfuneko ukukhusela isizwe. Ukongeza, uMgaqo-siseko usekela indima karhulumente ekukhuseleni.
Amatyala
AmaRiphabliki athi bakholelwa kwimithwalo yemali. Kodwa bafana nje ngoDemokhrasi ukunyusa ityala. Ngokomzekelo, uMongameli Obama wandise ityala lika-7.9 trillion, i-dollar-wise. UMongameli uB Bush wayengowesibini, wongeza ii-5.8 trillion zamaRandi. Nangona yongezwa ngaphantsi, waphindaphinda kabini ityala ngelixesha lakhe emibini. Wonke umongameli weRiphabhlikhi ukususela kuCalvin Coolidge ungeze kwi-matyala .
Urhwebo
Abalawuli beRiphablikhi babenomdla wokukhuselwa kwezorhwebo kude kube nomthelela owonakalisayo we- Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act . UMongameli uHoover wasayina lo msebenzi ukuze ancede imboni yaseUnited States ngexesha loKuCaluleka okukhulu. Kodwa onke amanye amazwe abeka iirhafu zawo ngokuphendula. Urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwawa ngama-66 ekhulwini Ukususela ngoko, amaRiphabhliki aye afumana izivumelwano zokuthengisa zamahhala ukunceda abathumela i-US kwimarike yehlabathi.
Ngaba isebenza?
AmaRiphabhlikhi abhekisela kulawulo lweReagan njengomzekelo wendlela iinkqubo zabo zisebenza ngayo. I reaganomics yaphela ngowe - 1980 . Yabuhlungu ngenxa ye- stagflation , eyona-ntlu ye-double-digit unemployment and inflation.
I-Reagan yentlawulo yerhafu yokunciphisa ukusuka kwipesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-28 ekhulwini kulabo abafumana i-$ 108,000 okanye ngaphezulu. Uyanciphisa amaxabiso entlawulo kwiimali eziphakathi kwamaphesenti ama-15. Wanciphisa irhafu yerhafu yenkampani ukusuka kuma-46 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini.
Kodwa uReagan wasebenzisa imithetho engeyiyo yeRiphablikhi yokuphelisa umnotho. Yandisa imali yombuso ngama-2.5 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Wayephantse uphindwe kathathu kwiTyala likaRhulumente. Yakhula ukusuka kwi-$ 997 yezigidigidi ngo-1981 ukuya kwi-2.85 yezigidigidi zama-trillion ngo-1989. Ininzi yemali esetyenziswa ngokutsha yaya kuzikhusela. Kodwa i-economics-down-economy, ngendlela ecocekileyo, ayizange ihlolwe. Kungenzeka ukuba imali enkulu yokurhweba urhulumente iphelile. (Umthombo: uWilliam A. Niskanen, "iReaganomics," iThala leeNkcukacha zezoQoqosho kunye noKhuseleko.)
Ulawulo lwe- Bush lwalisebenzisa kwakhona imigaqo-nkqubo yeRiphablikhi yokuphelisa umnotho we-2001 . Ukunciphisa intela yentlawulo nge- EGTRRA . Okokuphelisa umnotho ngoNovemba, nangona kuhlaselwa ngo-9/11. Kodwa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwaqhubeka kwanda kuma-6 ekhulwini . Ngonyaka ka-2003, i-Bush yadla iirhafu zoshishino ngeJGTRRA . Kubonakala ngathi ukutywa kweerhafu kwasebenza. Kodwa i- Federal Reserve yanciphisa isamba semali ye - Fed ukusuka kuma-6 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-1 ekhulwini ngeli xesha elifanayo. Akucaci ukuba ukukhwa kwerhafu okanye enye i-stimulus yasebenza.
Enye ingxaki ngeentengo zerhafu zeReagan kunye ne-Bush kukuba ziyingozi kakhulu ukungalingani kwemali . Phakathi kowe-1979 no-2005, ingeniso yerhafu emva kwerhafu yaphakama ama-6 ekhulwini kwindlu yesihlanu yezindlu. Yavuka ngama-80 ekhulwini kwi-5 yesihlanu. Iziphumo eziphindwe kabini kwipesenti eziphezulu. Kubonakala ngathi ukuphumelela akuzange kudibanise, kwaqhekeka. (Umthombo: Steven Greenhouse, The Big Squeeze , iphe.6-9.)
Bobabini bezoqoqosho kunye nabaxhasi bee -supply supply basebenzisa i- Laffer Curve ukubonisa ubungqina babo. UArthur Laffer wabonisa indlela ukucoca irhafu kunika ngayo umphumo onamandla wokuphindaphinda. Emva kwexesha, bakha ukukhula ngokwaneleyo ukutshintsha nayiphi na imali elahlekileyo karhulumente . Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho olwandisiweyo, olucebileyo lunika isiseko esikhulu sentela. Kodwa uLaffer walumkisa ukuba le mpembelelo isebenza bhetele xa iirhafu zikho "kwiNgqinisiso." Ngaphandle koko, ukunyuswa kweerhafu kuya kunciphisa imali engenayo kuphela karhulumente ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho . AmaRiphabhulikhi athi ukutywa kweerhafu kubakho ukudala ukukhula okungafani nolu hlobo loqoqosho lwezobonelelo.
Fumana indlela abaPhathiswa beRiphabhlikhi abaye bafezekisa ngayo iipolisi zabo zeqela . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, jonga ukuba ngabaMongameli beMademokhrasi baye bachaphazela njani uqoqosho .