Kutheni i-Economics ye-Laisse-Faire Efanelekileyo iSebenzi
I-Laissez-faire isiFulentshi "makenze." Ngamanye amagama, vumela imarike yenza into yayo. Ukuba ushiywe yedwa, imithetho yokubonelela kunye neemfuno iya kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimveliso yeempahla kunye neenkonzo. Ukubonelela kubandakanya ubutyebi bendalo , i-capital, kunye nabasebenzi.
Imfuno ibandakanya ukuthenga ngabathengi, amashishini kunye noorhulumente.
Kwimeko yoqoqosho olulungileyo, inxaxheba yodwa karhulumente kukuthintela naluphi na ukunyanzelisa abantu. Ubusela, ukukhwabanisa, kunye neentloko zokhusela ukukhusela imveliso yamashishini ekusetyenzisweni.
Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Laif-do ifuna izinto ezintathu zokusebenza. Ziyi-capitalist, uqoqosho lwamaxabiso omrhumo, kunye neengcamango ezinengqiqo zemarike.
I-Laissez-Faire Capitalism
Ubuninzi-mali yinkqubo yezoqoqosho apho iinkampani zangasese ziphethe izinto zokuvelisa. Kwi- Wall Street ye-1987, uMichael Douglas njengoGordon Gekko wachaza ifilosofi ye-laiss-faire capitalism . Watsho ngokunyanisekileyo esithi, "Ukunyanzela, ngenxa yokuntula kwegama elingcono, kulungile." Wayephikisa ukuba ukuhaha kuyindlela ecocekileyo "eyithatha inkolelo yomoya wokuziphendukela kwemvelo." Ukuhaha, kuzo zonke iifom zayo; ukuhaha ngobomi, ngemali, ngenxa yothando, ulwazi luye lwaphawula ukuphakama kwabantu. "
KuGordon Gekko, ukungenelela kwakwenze iUnited States "yinkampani engasebenzi." Kodwa ukrakra kwakungasindisa loo nto xa urhulumente avumele ukuba usebenze ngokukhululekile.
Abagqugquzeli be-capitalist laissez-faire bavuma ukuba ukuhaha kulungile . Njengoko uMongameli uReagan wathi, "Urhulumente asisisombululo kwingxaki yethu, urhulumente yingxaki." Ngokwe-laï-do-do, urhulumente kufuneka avumele i-capitalist isebenzise inkambo yayo kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Uqoqosho lweMarike
Ubuninzi bezoqoqosho bufuna ubutyebi beemarike ukubeka amanani nokusabalalisa impahla kunye neenkonzo.
Amashishini athengisa iimpahla zabo kwixabiso eliphezulu abathengi baya kuhlawula. Ngelo xesha, abathengi babheka amaxabiso aphantsi kweempahla kunye neenkonzo abazifunayo. Abasebenzi banikezela iinkonzo zabo kumvuzo ophezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba izakhono zabo zivumela. Abaqeshi bafuna ukufumana abasebenzi abalungileyo kwixabiso eliphantsi. Njengentengiso, oku kubeka amanani eempahla kunye neenkonzo ezibonisa ixabiso lentengiso. Inika umfanekiso ochanekileyo wokubonelela kunye nokufunwa kwantoni na.
Uqoqosho lwentengiso ludinga ubunikazi bamashishini abucala kunye neenkonzo. Abanikazi bakhululekile ukuvelisa, ukuthenga, nokuthengisa kwiimakethe zokhuphiswano. Amandla okuxinzelelo okhuphiswano agcina amanani aphantsi. Kwakhona kuqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lubonelela ngempahla kunye neenkonzo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ixabiso linyuka into ethile, amaxabiso aphakama abulela umyalelo weemfuneko . Abakhuphiswano bayakubona ukuba banokwandisa inzuzo yabo ngokuyivelisa, bongezelela ukunikezela. Oku kunciphisa amaxabiso ukuya kwinqanaba apho kubakho abaqhubi abaphezulu kuphela. Le marike esebenzayo idinga ukuba bonke banokufikelela okulinganayo kwiinkcukacha ezifanayo.
Urhulumente ukhusela iimarike. Iqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu ulawula iimarike kwaye bonke banokufikelela okulinganayo kolwazi. Ngokomzekelo, ulawulo lwelizwe lokukhusela ukukhusela iimarike.
Imfundiso yeRational Market
I-economics ye-Laissez-faire ithatha ukuba inkululeko yemarike yamahhala yedwa ichanekileyo ixabiso lentlawulo nganye. Iingqinisiso zemarike zengqiqo zithatha ukuba bonke abatyali-mali bazise izigqibo zabo kwiingcamango. Abathengi baphando yonke into ekhoyo malunga nayo yonke impahla, ibhondi, okanye iimveliso. Bonke abathengi kunye nabathengisi banokufikelela kwinto efanayo. Ukuba umntu uzama ukucamngca kwaye aqhube ixabiso elingaphezu kwexabiso lalo, abatyali-mali abatsho baza kuyithengisa. Nangona i-fund ye-joint mutual fund ayikwazi ukugqithisa i-index index, ukuba i-theory ye-market ethiyi iyinyaniso.
Ngama-1980, le ngqungquthela yaya phambili. Abaxhasi balo bathi ixabiso lesitokiselwano lixabiso lentengo kwixabiso elizayo lexabiso. Abatyalomali baquka lonke ulwazi lweemeko ezikhoyo kunye nezilindelekileyo kwikamva. Isizathu esihle kunazo zonke kwi-CEO yenkampani kukuhlawula ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezizayo.
Kodwa, uphando alufumananga ulwalamano phakathi kwentlawulo ye-CEO kunye nokusebenza kwenkampani.
Iingcamango zemarike ezengqiqo zinyamekela ukuthembela koluntu kwimvakalelo xa kuthengwa kwisitokethi esisodwa. Abatyalomali badla ngokulandela umhlambi kunokuba bafumane ulwazi. Ubukrakra, kule ngxaki, wabakhokelela ukuba bangaziboni izibonakaliso eziyingozi. Isiphumo sasiyimpembelelo yemali ka - 2007 .
Ayn Rand
U-Ayn Rand uthi i-capitalist ye-laiss-doing ayizange ibe khona. Okukufutshane kwinqanaba lesibini le-19 leminyaka. Urhulumente kufuneka angenele ekukhuseleni amalungelo ngamnye, ngokukodwa amalungelo omhlaba. Urhulumente ukhusela la malungelo ngokunqanda ukunyanzeliswa kunye namandla emzimbeni phakathi kwabantu.
IRandi yathi i-capitalism ineempawu zayo zokuziphatha ezimele zikhuselwe. Ivumela umntu ngamnye ukuba afumane ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo. Wavuma kunye noBawo oQalayo ukuba umntu ngamnye unelungelo lobomi, inkululeko, ipropati kunye nokufuna ulonwabo. Abanalo ilungelo elingenakunyulwa kwi-job, ukunakekelwa kwempilo okanye imfundo.
Ifilosofi yeRandi iyayigxeka ukuba imvakalelo, ingengqiqo yeengqinisiso, ilawula izigqibo zabantu abaninzi. Ijongela inzuzo yabantwana abacebileyo xa bekhuphisana nabampofu. Abo bazalwa entluphekweni abanalo mathuba okufikelela kwabo. Abaqali kwinqanaba lokudlala.
ULudwig von Mises
ULudwig von Mises wathi ukunyuswa kwezomnotho kubangela ukuba kubekho umphumo ovelisayo. Urhulumente akakwazanga ukwenza izigqibo ezininzi zezoqoqosho ezifunekayo kwiindawo ezinzima. Akufanelekile ukungenelela kwezoqoqosho, ngaphandle koyilo lomkhosi. Wayekholelwa ukuba intlalontle kufuneka iphumelele. UMises wayengumlungu wokugqibela wesikolo sase-Austrian sasekuqaleni sezoqoqosho.
Imizekelo ye-Laissez-Faire Policy
Umgaqo-siseko wase-United States unamalungiselelo okukhusela imarike yamahhala.
- Isiqendu I, iSigaba 8 sikhusela ukutsha njengempahla ngokuseka isigatya somthetho.
- Isiqendu I, iCandelo 9 ne-10 likhusela ishishini kunye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Ziyakwenzela amazwe ukuba athengise impahla kunye neenkonzo zabanye.
- Uhlengahlengiso IV lukhusela impahla yangasese. Unqanda amandla karhulumente ngokukhusela abantu ekuphenyweni okungenangqiqo kunye nokuthintela. Uhlengahlengiso V lukhusela ubunini bepropati yangasese. Uhlengahlengiso XIV luyakwenqabela urhulumente ukuba athabathe impahla ngaphandle kwemigaqo yomthetho.
- Izilungiso ze-IX kunye ne-X zinciphisa amandla karhulumente ukuba aphazamise nayiphi na amalungelo angakhange achazwe ngokucacileyo kuMgaqo-siseko.
Qinisekisa ukuqonda le miqathango kwimeko yomthetho wakutshanje. Imithetho eyenziwe ukususela kwi-siseko yoMgaqo-siseko inika inkxaso kwamacandelo amaninzi kunye namashishini. Ezi zibandakanya inkxaso, ukuchongwa kweerhafu kunye neenkontileka zikaRhulumente.
Imithetho ekhusela amalungelo ngamnye aphuphe ukufumana. Abaninzi bayaphikisana nemithetho evimbela ukucalulwa ngokusekelwe kwisini okanye kuhlanga. Kwezinye iimeko, iinkampani zinamalungelo amaninzi kunabantu.
I-United States ayizange ibe nemakethe yamahhala njengoko ichazwe nguRandi kunye ne-von Mises. Ngenxa yoko, iinzame zokwenza imigaqo-nkqubo ye-laif-do not work.
UMongameli uHerbert Hoover nguye owayengumdlali ongeyena mgaqo-nkqubo we-laif-doing. Wayekholelwa ukuba uqoqosho olusekelwe kwi- capitalism lwaluya kuzilungisa. Unxhala lokuba uncedo lwezoqoqosho luya kwenza abantu bayeke ukusebenza. Ukuzibophezela kwakhe kwibhajethi efanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwi- stock market ye- 1929 ye-market crash yaguqula ukufuduka kwemali kwi -Great Depression .
Nangona iCongress icinezela uHoover ukuba athathe isenzo, wagxininisa kumashishini azinzileyo. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukuphumelela kwabo kwakuza kunqumla kumntu oqhelekileyo. Wanciphisa irhafu yerhafu ukulwa nokudakumba, kodwa kuphela kwinqanaba elinye. Nangona umnqweno wokuhlalutya uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, uHoover wongezelela i-$ 6 billion kwi-matyala.