Ngaba Wonke umntu kufuneka athole Imali eqinisekisiwe?
Izicwangciso ziyahlukana ngubani ofumana ingeniso. Abanye baya kuhlawula wonke ummi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yinzuzo.
Abanye baza kuhlawula kuphela abo bangaphantsi kobuhlwempuzekileyo, nokuba bayasebenza okanye bengasebenzi. Isiphakamiso esisodwa siza kuhlawula kuphela abo bangaswelekanga ngenxa ye-robhotics, icebo elinama-48 ekhulwini lamaMerika axhasa.
Urhulumente uthumela isheke, kodwa izicwangciso ziyahluka kuye ngubani ohlawula imali engenayo. Ezinye iiplani zifuna ukunyuswa kwentela kwizityebi. Abanye bathi iinkampani kufuneka zihlawulwe irhafu .
Injongo
Ngowe-1967, uMartin Luther King Jr. wathi imali engenayo iyakuphelisa intlupheko. Oko kuthetha ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwemali .
U-Economist uMilton Friedman ucetywe irhafu yengeniso. Amahlwempu aya kufumana irhafu yerhafu ukuba ingeniso yabo yawela ngaphantsi kwezinga eliphantsi. Kuya kufana nokuhlawulwa kwentlawulo yeentsapho ezifumana ngaphezulu kwezinga eliphantsi.
Ngo-2018, umququzeleli we-Facebook uChris Hughes uchaze isicwangciso sakhe kwincwadi ethi "Fair Shot." Uxela ukuba abasebenzi base-US, abafundi kunye nabanonophelo abenza i-$ 50,000 okanye ngaphantsi kwe-year kufuneka bafumane inzuzo eqinisekisiwe ye-$ 500 ngenyanga.
"Ingxowa yinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuphucula iziphumo zempilo, iziphumo zemfundo nokuphakamisa abantu ngaphandle kobuhlwempu," kusho uHughes.
Ingeniso eqinisekisiwe yeHughes ixhaswa ngeerhafu kwipesenti eziphezulu. Kuza kusebenza nge-modern-day ye-credit tax income.
Ku-Hughes, sisisombululo kuphela kwezoqoqosho apho "iqela elincinci labantu lithe kakhulu, licebile ngelixa wonke umntu ezama ukuphelisa." UHughes uthe ukuzenzekelayo kunye nokudibanisa ihlabathi kuye kwabhubhisa imarike yengqesho.
Yadala ixesha elininzi lexeshana, isivumelwano kunye nemisebenzi yesikhashana. Kodwa ezo zikhundla aziwanelanga ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokuphila .
UMark Zuckerberg noBill Gates bayavumelana. Bathetha ukuba i-automation ishintshe ngokusisiseko isakhiwo soqoqosho lwe-US. INkosi uRichard Branson yathi imali engenayo ingenakupheka. Ubulumko bobuchule buza kuthatha imisebenzi emininzi kubantu. U-Elon Musk uthe i-robhotics iya kuthatha imisebenzi yabantu abaninzi, ngoko ke ingeniso yendalo yonke isisombululo kuphela.
Iinkonzo
Ingeniso engundoqo engenasisiseko iza kwenza abasebenzi bakwazi ukulinda umsebenzi olungcono okanye baxoxisane nomvuzo ongcono. Baya kuphucula ukuthengisa kwabo ngokubuyela esikolweni. Baye banokuyeka umsebenzi wabo ukunyamekela isihlobo.
Iyakususa ingxaki kwiinkqubo zentlalontle ekhoyo egcina abantu "bathatywe ngendlala." Ukuba abahlali benhlalakahle benza izinto ezininzi, balahlekelwa izitampu zokutya, ukunakekelwa kwezonyango, kunye neefowuni zezindlu.
Iinkqubo zentlalontle zangoku ziyanzima kakhulu kubalawuli kunye nabamkeli. Ukuhlawulwa kwemali elula kuya kunqunyulwa kwi-bureaucracy. Kuya kuthatha indawo yeevenkile zezindlu, izitampu zokutya kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
Ukulula kweprogram kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba neendleko zoorhulumente abangaphantsi. Izinkokhelo zemali ezaya kuwo wonke umntu ziya kuphelisa i-paper-verification paperwork.I-Senator Senator Mike Lee watshela iLifa leMveli, "Akukho sizathu sokuba urhulumente wephondo kufuneka aqhubeke neenkqubo ezili-79 ezahlukileyo." iiprogram ezivanywe.
Amanye amazwe akhathazeke ngezinga lokuzalwa lokuzalwa. Ingeniso eqinisekisiwe iya kunika iibini ezitshatileyo ukuba zithembe ukuba ziqale intsapho. Kuza kubonelela abasebenzi ukuba bathembele ukuhlawula umvuzo. Ukusuka kwimbono eninzi, kuya kunika uluntu ibhallast efunekayo kakhulu ngexesha loqoqosho .
Umxhasi
Ukuba wonke umntu wafumana ingeniso eyisiseko ngokukhawuleza, kuya kudala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso . Uninzi luya kukhawuleza luchithe imali eyongezelelweyo, ukuqhuba imfuno . Abathengisi babeya kubaleka ngaphezulu, kwaye abavelisi bazakuzama ukuvelisa ngaphezulu. Kodwa ukuba abazange bakwazi ukwandisa ukubonelela, babeza kunyusa amaxabiso. Amanani aphakamileyo ngokukhawuleza aya kwenza ukuba izinto ezingundoqo zingenakulungeleka kulabo basezantsi kwipiramidi yengeniso. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imali engenayo ingenakuphakamisa imilinganiselo yokuphila.
Ingeniso eqinisekisiwe eyaneleyo ekupheliseni intlupheko iya kuba yindleko.
Ngonyaka ka-2012, bekukho abantu abayi-179 yezigidi zokusebenza abadala. Kuza kuhlawula i-$ 2.14 trillion ukuhlawula nganye i-$ 11,945 (izinga lehlwempu) ngonyaka. Kodwa iya kuthatha indawo yeenkqubo zenhlalakahle ezikhoyo ezibiza i-$ 1 triliyoni ngonyaka. Ngoko kuya kwandisa i-$ 1.2 trillion kwi- insileji , okanye i-7.5 ekhulwini kwiphumo loqoqosho lolo nyaka.
Ukugcina imali, ezinye iinkqubo aziyi kuhlawula. Kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba iintlawulo zeedola ezingamakhulu ambalwa azaneleyo ukwenza uqobo lwaloo nto kubomi bentlupheko.
Ukuba wonke umntu ufumana inzuzo engenakho, unokususa inkuthazo yokusebenza kanzima. U-Oren Cass, uMntu oPhezulu oMatriki eManhattan Institute, uthi uya kwenza umsebenzi ubonakale ukhetha. Abamkeli abaninzi banokukhetha ukuhlala kwimali engenayo ngaphandle kokufumana umsebenzi. Abayi kuzuza izakhono zomsebenzi okanye i-resume enhle. Oku kunokubathintela ukuba bafumane umsebenzi omhle kwindawo yokukhuphisana. Inokunciphisa izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi .
Ekugqibeleni, isicwangciso esinjalo sasinzima ukugqithiselwa eUnited States. Uninzi lwabantu luchasene nezibonelelo kubantu abangasebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi banokuchasene nenhlalakahle kunye neenzuzo zokungasebenzi. Ukunyusa iholo lomncinci wase-US kuye kwaba nzima, nangona kukho inkolelo ephakamileyo yokuba abasebenzi abanzima kufuneka bavuzwe.
Imbali
Ngowe-1968, ulawulo lukaMongameli uJohnson lwaqalisa ukuhlolwa kweerhafu ezingenanto kwiNew Jersey. Kufumene ukuba abamkeli bezentlalontle bafumana inkokhelo ephezulu kwiprogram kunokuba bayenzayo kwerhafu yengeniso. Iprogram ehlawule ngokukhawuleza yavavanywa eS Seattle naseDenver. Iziphumo zabonisa ukunciphisa ukukhuthaza ukusebenza. Kwakhona kwaphula iintsapho, kuba amadoda nabafazi kwakungasadingeki bahlale kunye ngezizathu zemali. Iindleko zolawulo ziphezulu kakhulu kuzo zombini iinkqubo.
Inkokhelo yerhafu yokufumana ingeniso ifom eqinisekisiweyo. Inika iitalenti yentlawulo yepesenti kuwo wonke amadola efunyenwe ngeniso kwi-credit card. Ekubeni ikhredithi ikhula kunye ne ngeniso, ikhuthaza ukukhuthaza ukusebenza. Kodwa njengoko ingeniso ifinyelela kumgangatho ophezulu, irhafu yerhafu iphuma kwaye iyancipha. Oku kwenza ukuphazamiseka ukufumana ngaphezulu. Uphando lwe-1990 lubonise ukuba ama-40 eepesenti yezibonelelo zahlawulwa kwiintsapho ezingafanelekanga kwi-EITC.
Imizekelo yangoku
I-Alaska iye yafumana inkqubo engenayo yokufumana imali ukususela ngo-1982. I-Alaska Permanent Fund ihlawula ngamnye ohlala kwi-$ 1,200 ngemali evela kwii-oil income.
Ipalamente yombuso waseHawaii yadlulisela ibhili-mali ngo-2017 evakalisa ukuba wonke umntu unelungelo lokufumana ukhuseleko lwezezimali. Yayiyalela urhulumente ukuba aphuhlise isisombululo, esingaquka inzuzo eqinisekisiwe.
E-Oakland, eCalifornia, i-accelerator ye-Y Combinator iya kuhlawula iintsapho ezingama-100 phakathi kwe-$ 1,000 ukuya kwi-2,000 ngenyanga.
U-C anada uzama inkqubo yenkqubo yengeniso. Kuya kunika ama-4,000 ase-Ontari ahlala kwihlwempu C $ 17,000 ngonyaka okanye C $ 24,000 / isibini. Banokugcina kuphela isiqingatha semali yabo engenayo kwimisebenzi yabo.
Icala laseFinland linika abantu abangama-2 000 abangasebenziyo ama-euro angama-560 ngenyanga ngenyanga emibini, nangona bafumana umsebenzi. Abamkeli bathi banika inkuthazo yokufumana umsebenzi omhle okanye ukuqala ishishini labo.
Inkqubo yovavanyo e-Utrecht, e-Holland, ihlawula abantu abangama-250 ama-euro angama-960 ngenyanga.
ISkotshani ixhasa inkxaso yophando kwinkqubo ehlawulela wonke ummi ngobomi. Abathatha umhlala-phantsi baza kufumana iilidi ezili-150 ngeveki. Abantu abadala baya kuzuza iipounds ezili-100 kwaye abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-16 baya kuhlawulwa ama-50 pounds ngeveki.
I-Taiwan ingavota malunga nengeniso eyisiseko. Abantu abancinci baye bashiya imimandla yasemaphandleni befuna umvuzo ohloniphekileyo. Abanye baye bashiya ilizwe ukukhangela umsebenzi. Ingeniso eqinisekisiwe ingabagcina befuduka. Kwakhona kuya kunceda abemi abaphezulu bashiya emva kwabo bahlala kwintlupheko. Izwe lichitha kuphela iipesenti ezi-5 zomkhiqizo wayo wekhaya kwiinkonzo zentlalontle. Umyinge wamazwe athuthukile ama-22 ekhulwini.
Ngaphantsi kwesiphakamiso, urhulumente uza kuhlawula i-NT $ 6,304 ngenyanga ngenyanga yabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-18 kunye ne-NT $ 12,608 ngenyanga ngenyanga yabantu abadala. Kuza kuchitha i-NT $ 3.4 trillion, okanye i-19 pesenti ye-GDP. Ukuxhaswa, iTaiwan iya kuhlawula irhafu yepesenti ezingama-31 kwimali engenayo ngaphezu kwe-NT $ 840,000 ngonyaka. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo iya kuphakamisa imivuzo yesibini yesibini yabemi. Umntu wesithathu ocebileyo uya kulahlekelwa yi-NT $ 710 yezigidigidi.
Ngo-2016, iSwitzerland yavotela kwimali engenayo. URhulumente ucebise ukuhlawula zonke ii-francs ezingama-2 500 zamaSwitzerland ngenyanga.
Izepolitiko uKalle Moene noDebraj Ray bathetha inkqubo yokuhlawula ehambelana nokuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kwelizwe. Bakhombisa ukuba i-10 ukuya kwe-12 ekhulwini ye-GDP iya ngqo kwiintlawulo zentlawulo yehlabathi. Inzuzo iya kuphakama ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuchuma kwelizwe kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuxelela ukuba ezi nkqubo ziza kusebenza. Ukulula kwe-universal income kwenza kube yindlela ekhangayo kwiinkqubo zentlalontle. Kodwa abaxhasi babo abacebisi izicwangciso kwiinkalo ezininzi ezinokubakho.