Izizathu Ezihlanu Zokuba Kutheni AbaSebenzi Baxothiwe kwaye Abayi kubuya
LFPR Formula
Nantsi indlela yokubala Ixabiso leNtsebenzo yabasebenzi.
I-LFPR = Umsebenzi woLuntu / uLuntu oluLuntu oluNgekho lwabantu
apho uMbutho Wezemisebenzi = Uqeshwe + Ungasebenzi
Ukubala iifom ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka uqale uqonde iinkcazo ezisezantsi ezichazwe yi- Bureau of Labor Statistics .
I-BLS yinkampani yaseburhulumenteni ukuba iingxelo kubasebenzi kunye nezinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwinyanga nganye kwiNgxelo yeMisebenzi . Apha:
Abemi abangabikhoyo kwiziko-Bonke abantu abahlala e-US abaneminyaka engama-16 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-MINUS amabanjwa kumaziko afana neentolongo, amakhaya angamahlengikazi kunye nezibhedlele zengqondo kunye ne-MINUS abo basebenza ngokusemthethweni kwii-Armed Forces.
Ibutho Labasebenzi - Wonke umntu ochongiweyo njengeCandelo eliSebenzayo okanye elingasebenzi.
Kuqeshwe - Nabani na oneminyaka engama-16 + kwiminyaka engama-non-institution abasebenza kwiveki ephelileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba basebenze iyure okanye ngaphezulu njengabasebenzi abahlawuliweyo okanye iiyure eziyi-15 okanye ngaphezulu njengabasebenzi abangabhawulwa kwi-ishishini-ntlalontle okanye kwifama. Kwakhona kubandakanya abo babe nemisebenzi okanye amashishini, kodwa abazange basebenze ngeveki kuba bebehlala eholidini, abagulayo, bebekhulile okanye bekhefu, besesigxina, bebeqeqeshelwa, okanye babekho ezinye iintsapho okanye izizathu zabo sebenza.
Akunandaba nokuba ihlawulwe ixesha okanye ayikho. Umqeshwa ngamnye wabalwa kuphela, nokuba ngaba babambe imisebenzi emibini okanye ngaphezulu. Umsebenzi wovolontiya kwaye usebenze malunga nendlu akazange abale.
Ukungasebenzi - Abo bantu abaneminyaka engama-16 okanye ngaphezulu abangazange baqeshwe, kodwa babekho emsebenzini kwaye bafune umsebenzi ngokukodwa kwiiveki ezine ezidlulileyo.
Abantu ababesele balinde ukukhunjulwa emsebenzini ababebekwe kuwo babalwa njengengasebenzi, nokuba bangazange bafune umsebenzi. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eninzi, ayinanto enxulumene nenani labantu abafake izicelo okanye bafumane inzuzo yokungasebenzi. Kunoko, lo mfanekiso uvela kwi-BLS yophando. Nazi ezinye inkcazo engasebenzi .
Abantu abangathanda umsebenzi, kodwa abazange bawukhange ngenyanga yokugqibela ababalwanga njengabantu basebenzi kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafuna umsebenzi. Zibalelwa kubemi, nangona kunjalo.
I-BLS igcina ingqalelo yabo. Ibiza ezinye zazo "ziqhotyoshelwe ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi." Laba ngabantu abaye bajonga ngonyaka odlulileyo kodwa kungekuqaleni kwinyanga edlulileyo. Basenokuba neemfanelo zesikolo okanye iintsapho, impilo ebuthathaka, okanye iingxaki zokuthutha ezazithintela ukuba zikhangele kutshanje.
I-BLS ibiza ezinye zezona " zabasebenzi abadimazekile ". Kungenxa yokuba baxela ukuba bayeke ukukhangela umsebenzi ngenxa yokuba bengakholelwa ukuba kukho imisebenzi. Abanye baye badimazeka ngenxa yokuba abanalo ilungelo lokufunda okanye ukuqeqeshwa. Banoxhala lokuba umqeshi onokuthi ucinge ukuba bancinane okanye badala.
Abanye baye bachaswa. Zibalelwa kwizinga langempela lokungasebenzi .
Elinye iqela elingabandakanywa kubasebenzi libafundi, abenzi bezindlu, abahlala phantsi kunye nabangaphantsi kwe-16 abasebenza. Kodwa ke, kubalwa kubemi.
Ixabiso langoku
Nantsi indlela yokubala izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi ngo-Matshi 2018.
| Inani (kwizigidi) | Ipesenti | |
| Abantu (P) | 257.097 | |
| Akunjalo kwiMisebenzi yabasebenzi | 95.334 | |
| Qho ga mshelana | 1.454 | |
| Ukuphazamiseka | .450 | |
| IGosa leeMisebenzi (LF) | 161.763 | 62.9% yabemi |
| I sebenza | 155.178 | 60.4% yabemi |
| Ngasebenzi | 6.585 | 4.1% yeMisebenzi yabasebenzi |
Imbali
Inani lokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi liye landa phakathi kowe-1948 ukuya ngasekupheleni kwee-1990. Ukususela ngo-1948 ukuya ku-1963, izinga lahlala lingaphantsi kwama-60 ekhulwini. Kodwa isantya sinyanzeliswa ngokukhawuleza njengoko abanye besifazane bangena kubasebenzi, bephula amaphesenti angama-61 ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.
Yavuka kuma-63 ekhulwini kuma-1980 kwaye yafikelela kwinqanaba elingama-67.3 ekhulwini ngo-2000.
Emva kokuhlaselwa kwemali e-2001, i-LFPR yawela kuma-66 ekhulwini. Akuzange kuphuculwe kuwo wonke "ukubuyiswa komsebenzi." Inkcitho yemali ka-2008 ithumele izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba ngaphantsi kwama-66 ekhulwini. Kuyaqhubeka ukuwa ukususela apho. Ngo-Agasti 2015, kwafikelela kuma-62.6 ekhulwini.
Ukuhla kwelokuba kuthethwa ukuba ukunikezelwa kwabasebenzi kuyawa. Abasebenzi abambalwa kufuneka bakwazi ukuxoxisana ngemali ephezulu. Kodwa oko akuzange kwenzeke. Kunoko, ukungalingani kwemali kunyuke njengamazinga aphezulu okufumana imali . Abasebenzi babengenakukwazi ukukhuphisana xa imisebenzi iphuma ngaphandle . Babenakukwazi ukukhuphisana namarobhothi. Amashishini afumene iindleko ezithe xaxa ukubuyisela izixhobo zengxowa- mali kunokuba kuqeshwe abasebenzi abaninzi.
Izizathu ezintlanu i-LFPR ilahle kwaye ayikwazi ukuvuka
Akunakwenzeka ukuba izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba liya kuphinda libuyele kwinqanaba layo le-2000. Abemi bezoqoqosho baye bahlula malunga nokuba kuninzi ukuhla kwe-LFPR kwangoko kubangelwa ukunyuka kwemali. Uqikelelo luvela kwi-30% ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini. Nangona uqikelelo oluninzi oluqinileyo luchaza ukuba ukunyuka kwemali kwamanyanzelisa phantse umntu wesithathu wabasebenzi ngaphandle kwabasebenzi.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi abazange babuyisele nangona imisebenzi ekhoyo ikhona. Nazi izizathu ezintlanu ngocwaningo.
Ingxenye yokunciphisa ngenxa yokuguga kweMelika, ngokwe-Federal Reserve Bank yaseAtlanta. Olu tshintsho lwabantu lubathintela abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba kuhlawule. Njengabantwana bebhoomers bafikelela kwiminyaka yobudala, bashiya abasebenzi. Abayidingi umsebenzi. Abanye bahlala ekhaya ukuba banakekele abazali abagulayo okanye abafazi, okanye bazibange ukukhubazeka ngokwabo. Ekubeni zimele ipesenti enkulu yabemi, oko kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwizinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi. Esi sizathu esikhulu sokuba kungenakuphinde siphinde sibe namazinga aphelileyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimarike zomsebenzi zomelele kangakanani.
Okwesibini, iipesenti ezingama-24 zabangasebenzi abazange zisebenze iinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu. Iipesenti ezili-10 kuphela ezi zisebenze ixesha elide zifumana umsebenzi ngamnye ngenyanga. Kwaba buhlungu gqitha ukuba abaninzi baphuma emsebenzini. Akunakuze babuyele. Abazange bahlaziye izakhono kwaye abaqeshi abavumelanga ukuthatha ithuba nabo.
Okwesithathu, izigidi ezishiye abasebenzi ziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-25 no-54. Abanye bebafundi ababehlala esikolweni ixesha elide. I-Atlanta Fed iqikelele ukuba igalelo le-0.5 iphumele kwizinga lokuthatha inxaxheba. Ngaphantsi kwalaba bafundi basebenza ngelixa besesikolweni. Kodwa nabani na abangazange baqeshwe ngexesha leminyaka yabo yokuthobela abanakuze bafumane ithuba lokufumana imisebenzi yabo.
Naphezu kokuphucula amathuba omsebenzi, abanye abasebenzi abadala babengakwazi ukubuyela kubasebenzi. Oku kuthiwa ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi . Yilapho izakhono zabaqeshwa bezingabonakali noko abaqeshi bafuna. I-Federal Reserve Bank yaseKansas ifumene ukuba imfuno yemisebenzi enesakhono esiphakathi iyanqabile phakathi ko-1996 no-2016. Imisebenzi emininzi ephakathi iquka imisebenzi eqhelekileyo elula ukuyifumana. Imfuno iye yanda kwimisebenzi yokusebenza enezakhono eziphantsi kunye nabahlalutyo abanamakhono okanye izikhundla zokuphatha. Bobabini kwezo zinto kunzima ukutshintsha ngomatshini okanye ikhompyutha.
Okwesine kukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-opioid . Phantse isiqingatha samadoda angama-age yobudala angengabasebenzi abathwala imithi yeentlungu imihla ngemihla ukunyanga izimo zempilo ezingapheliyo. Iingxenye zibini zazo zilapha kwimigomo. Uphando olwenziwa nguprofesa we-Yale u-Alan Krueger lubonisa indlela oku kwachaphazela ngayo i-LFPR. Uqikelela ukuba, ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2015, iipesenti ezingama-20 ze-LFPR yokunciphisa aba bantu kubangelwa ukuxhomekeka kwe-opioid. Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba abantu abayizigidi baxhamli abasebenzisayo bezilwanyana ze-opioid. Nguo-0.5 ekhulwini labasebenzi. Ixabisa uqoqosho lwama-44 biliyoni ngonyaka. Yanciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngama-0.2 ekhulwini.
Okwesibini, inani elinyukayo labantu abagula kakhulu okanye abakhubazekile ukusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, ama-13,2 ekhulwini kulabo abaneminyaka engama-56 ukuya kuma-60 bangela ukuba bangabasebenzi. I-Atlanta Fed ifumene igalelo le-0.6 ekhulwini lokunciphisa i-LFPR. Umgangatho wokugula wawuphezulu kwi-Mississippi, eAlabama, eKentucky naseWest Virginia. Ezi zimbini zigulo ezinkulu ziyi-diabetes kunye negazi eliphezulu.