Indlela Imisebenzi yokuThengisa ichaphazela njani uqoqosho lwe-US

by Kimberly Amadeo

Izinto Eziyisixhenxe Okufanele Uzazi Ngokuchonga

Ukugqithiswa kweYobhi xa iinkampani zase-US ziqesha abasebenzi basekuhlaleni kunokuba baseMerika. Ngo-2013, ama-United States angaphandle kwamanye amazwe aqeshe abasebenzi abayizigidi ezili-14. Amashishini amane athatyathwa kakhulu yi-teknoloji, amaziko okufowunela, izibonelelo zabantu kunye nokuvelisa.

Indlela Echaphazela ngayo Uqoqosho

Ukugqithiswa kweJob kunceda iinkampani zase-US ukuba zikhuphisane ngakumbi kwiimarike zomhlaba wonke. Ivumela ukuba bathengise kwiimarike zangaphandle ngamasebe angaphandle. Bagcina iindleko zabasebenzi eziphantsi ngokuqesha kwiimarike ezikhulayo kunye nemilinganiselo ephantsi yokuphila . Oku kwehlisa ixabiso kwiimpahla abazibuyisela eUnited States.

Isiphumo esibi siphumo sokukhishwa kwempahla kukunyusa ukungasebenzi kwe-US . Imisebenzi eyi-14 yezigidi eziphuma ngaphandle ziphindwe kabini i-7.5 yezigidi zaseMerika ezingasebenzi. Ukuba yonke loo misebenzi ibuyile, kuya kubakho ukuqesha ama-5.7 yezigidi ezisebenzayo ixesha elide kodwa zikhetha izikhundla zexesha elizeleyo.

Oko kuthatha imisebenzi, ngokwenene, buyela eUnited States. Abasebenzi abaninzi basemzini baqeshwa ukuba bancedise ukuthengiswa kwendawo, oonxibelelwano kunye nolwimi. Kwakhona kuthatha ukuba abangasebenzi apha bafumane izakhono ezifunekayo kwezo zikhundla. Ngaba abasebenzi baseMerika babezimisele ukufumana umvuzo ophantsi ohlawulelwa kwabasebenzi basekuhlaleni? Ukuba akunjalo, abathengi baseMelika baza kunyanzeliswa ukuba bahlawule amaxabiso aphezulu.

UDonald Trump uthe uza kubuyisa imisebenzi ngexesha le- 2016 . Ukwenza oku, uza kuphinda axoxe nge-NAFTA. Kwakhona wayesongela ukunyanzelisa iirhafu kwizinto ezivela ngaphandle eMexico naseChina. Okuya kuphakamisa amaxabiso emveliso eyenziwe kulawo mazwe. Ezi zinzuzo iinkampani ezenza zonke iimveliso zazo eMelika. Ngaphandle kwemirhumo, kunokuba nzima kwimpahla eyenziweyo yaseMelika ukukhuphisana nempahla engaphandle.

Ukufakela imithetho yokunqanda ngokukhawuleza ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi kungenza iinkampani zase-US zingabi ncintisana. Ukuba baphoqeleka ukuba baqeshe abasebenzi baseYurophu abangexabiso, babeza kunyusa amaxabiso kunye nokwandisa indleko kubaxhasi.

Ingcinezelo yokuphuma kwikhompyutha ingakhokelela ezinye iikhampani ukuba zitshintshe yonke imisebenzi yazo, kuquka ikomkhulu, ngaphesheya kwelizwe. Abanye bangenako ukukhuphisana neendleko eziphezulu kwaye baya kunyanzelwa ngaphandle kweshishini.

01 Ubuchwephesha

Amakhampani aseMerika athumela imisebenzi ye-IT eNdiya naseChina ngenxa yokuba izakhono ziyafana njengoko umvuzo ungaphantsi. Inkampani kuphela kufuneka ihlawule abasebenzi base-IT abangama-7,000 ngonyaka nge-China kunye ne-$ 8,400 kwi-Indiya. Iinkampani zaseSilicon Valley zisebenzise imisebenzi yobugcisa ngokunikela ii-visas ze-H-1b kwabasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe.

02 Iziko loLwazi lokuChengeza

Kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, amaninzi amaziko okufowunelwa aphelelwe ngaphandle kwiIndiya nakwiiPhilippines. Kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi bakhona bathetha isiNgesi. Kodwa loo mendo iyatshintsha. Ngokungafani nokugqithiswa kwethekhnoloji, kukho ukungafani kancinci kwemvuzo phakathi kwabasebenzi bee-call center e-United States nakwiimarike ezikhulayo .

Ngombulelo kwiRest Recession, umvuzo eNdiya waqala ukufikelela kubantu baseMerika. Umyinge wendawo yezonxibelelwano zesebe zenza iipesenti ezili-15 kuphela kunezinye zazo zaseIndiya. Ngenxa yoko, eminye yale mi sebenzi iya kubuya.

03 Ukunikezelwa kweeNkonzo zabasebenzi

Ukunikezelwa kwemithombo yoluntu kunciphisa iindleko ngokuhlanganisa amawaka amabhizinisi. Oku kunciphisa ixabiso lezicwangciso zenzuzo zezempilo, izicwangciso zomhlala-phantsi, i-inshorensi yokuhlawulela abasebenzi, kunye nobuchule bomthetho. Ukukhishwa kwezinto zabasebenzi ngokukhethekileyo kuxhamla amashishini amancinci ngokunikela uluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo. Okumangalisa kukuba, ukunyuka kweemali kungabangela ukuba ezinye iifom zenkampani zogqirha izithuthi ziqeshe abasebenzi baseMerika.

04 NAFTA Ukulahlekelwa nguYobhi

UMongameli uReeagan wabona i- NAFTA ukuba incede iNorth America ikhuphisane ne-European Union. Ngelishwa, kwathumela ubuncinane imisebenzi engama-500,000 eMexico. Ukubetha kunzima kakhulu kwakuyiCalifornia, eNew York, eMichigan naseTexas.

05 Ngaba iMexico iyabamba imisebenzi yase-US?

UMexico ngoku ngumvelisi wesi-7 omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Kodwa ngaba ukukhula oku kufike kwiindleko zabasebenzi base-United States? Okanye ingenye into eyona nto? Ngaba izivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala ezingama-44, mhlawumbi?

06 Izizathu ezintathu I-India ikhangisa iinkampani zase-US

I-Indiya ineempawu ezintathu ezityelela iinkampani zaseMerika. Okokuqala, abasebenzi basebenzise isiNgesi. Okwesibini, iifunivesithi ziphakathi kwezona ziphezulu kakhulu kwilizwe. Okwesithathu, inkqubo yayo yomthetho iyafana ne-United States, kuba zombini ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yaseBrithani.

07 Indlela iChina eyenza ngayo imisebenzi yase-US

I-China yiyona mveliso enkulu emhlabeni. Kodwa ezininzi zaseChina ezibizwa ngokuba "ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle" ngokwenene ziinkampani zaseMerika. Uninzi lweenkampani zase-US zithumela izinto zokubumba ngaphezulu, kwaye iimpahla zokugqibela zithunyelwa. Esinye isizathu kukuba iiinkampani zase-US zinokukwazi ukuthengisa kuphela iimveliso kwi-China eziyi-1.37 yezigidigidi zabantu ukuba zivelise apho.

Mhlawumbi i-United States kufuneka yenze into efanayo. Cinga ukuba zonke iimveliso zethu ezithengiswayo ngenxenye zenziwa eMelika? Ezinye iinkampani zangaphandle zifuneka ukuba zilandele ukukhokela kwabenzi baseJapan abenza oko, sele bekwenza oku. Ewe, ukuba i-United States yenza oko, kuya kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu kubathengi. Kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi base-US badinga umvuzo ophezulu ukuhlawula umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila.

08 Ngaba iiRobhothi ziyiNgcongo enkulu kuneCandelo lokuSebenza?

Abasebenzi kwamashishini amashishini amaninzi baye bathatyathwa ngamarobhothi. Ukufumana imisebenzi emitsha, abasebenzi bafuna ukuqeqeshwa ukuqhuba iirobhothi.

Ukulungiswa kwithekhnoloji yintoni eyenza ukuba iinkampani zase-US zihambise amaziko okufowunelwa eNdiya. Ukuba iteknoloji iyona yecala, liyimpendulo. Yenziwe iUnited States ngokukhuphisana ngakumbi njengesizwe. Imfundo, kunokuba ikhuselekile, yindlela efanelekileyo yokubasebenzisa iteknoloji nokudala amathuba abasebenzi base-US.

09 Kutheni Uziva uhlawule imali

Ikota enye yabasebenzi baseMerika benza imali engaphantsi kweedola ezili-10 ngeyure, okanye bahlala beswele . Okwangoku, i-1 pesenti yabasebenzi abafumana ngaphezulu kwimali engeniso kunezantsi engama-40 ekhulwini yabasebenzi. Oku kwakunjalo ngo-2005, xa uqoqosho luyaqhubeka. Ukuchithwa kwezinto kukuphela kwesizathu. I-teknoloji, ukudibanisa ihlabathi kunye nokuthanda "amaxabiso aphantsi" ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye. Fumana ukuba kutheni ukungalingani kwengeniso kuye kwaphakamisa ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka engama-20 edluleyo.

10 Indlela yokufumana imisebenzi kwi-Economic Freelance

Uqoqosho oluzimeleyo lithetha ukuba iinkampani zichitha ixesha elipheleleyo, zihlala zikhulile, zisebenza kwaye zithatha indawo yazo ngexesha lexeshana, uncedo lwesikhashana, kunye nabasebenzi bokuzimela. Nantsi indlela yokufumana imisebenzi kwi-freelance economy.

11 Ngaba I-Trump ingayenza imisebenzi yaseMelika?

UMongameli uTumpump wagxininisa umkhankaso wakhe wokuphelisa ukugqithiselwa ekubeni ngumongameli omkhulu wokuvelisa umsebenzi kwimbali yase-US. Uthembisa ukunyanzelisa i-China ukunciphisa uxhasomali lwayo kunye nokunyusa imali yayo. Uya kuphinda axoxise i- NAFTA ukuba afune iMexico ukuba iphele inkqubo ye-maquiladora. Wayeza kukhanga iinkampani ngokunciphisa irhafu yenkampani.