I-NAFTA nayo iphikisana. Abezopolitiko abavumelani nokuba ngaba iimvumelwano zentengiso yamahhala zixhomekeke ekungenakulungeni kwazo. Apha ayenjalo ukuze ukwazi ukuzigqiba.
Iinkonzo
I-NAFTA inenzuzo ezintandathu . Okokuqala, i -trade quadrupled phakathi kweChanada , iMexico , ne-United States.
Kungenxa yokuba isivumelwano siyaphelisa intlawulo . Uhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amathathu luye lwaya kwi-1.14 trillion ngo-2015.
Okwesibini, ukurhweba okukhulu kwandisa ukwanda kwezoqoqosho . I-NAFTA ikhulise ukukhula kwe-US ngama-0.5 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Amashishini amathathu azuze kakhulu kwii- export . Bezolimo, imoto, kunye neenkonzo ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye neenkonzo zemali.
Okwesithathu, ukukhula okunamandla kwakha imisebenzi . Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe amabini kukhokelela kwimisebenzi engama-5 yezigidi zaseMelika. Kwiminyaka emine yokuqala ye-NAFTA, abavelisi benza imisebenzi eyi-800,000.
Okwesine, utsalo-mali olwangaphandle lwangaphandle oluphindwe kathathu. Amashishini ase-US atyala imali eyi-452 yezigidigidi eMexico naseCanada. Iinkampani kula mazwe amabini zatyala imali eyi-240.2 yezigidigidi e-United States. Oku kunceda ama-US okwenza izinto, i-inshorensi kunye neenkampani zeebhanki.
Okwesibini, i-NAFTA iyancishisa amanani . Ioli ephuma e-Melika yaseMexico yabiza ixabiso elingaphantsi ngenxa yokuba i-NAFTA ilahlekelwe iirhafu.
Oku kunciphisa ukuthembela kweMelika kwioli evela eMbindi Mpuma. Ioli ephantsi kwexabiso iyanciphisa amaxabiso egesi, okunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba. Ngenxa yoko, amaxabiso okutya aphantsi.
Eyesithandathu, isivumelwano sincedwa ngemali yekarhulumente . Kungenxa yokuba iikontraka zikarhulumente zesizwe ngasinye zafumaneka kubaboneleli kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu amathathu.
Olu khuphiswano lwandise kwaye linciphisa iindleko.
Umxhasi
I-NAFTA inemiphumo emithandathu . Okokuqala, kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwemisebenzi ka-500 000-750,000 yase-US . Uninzi lwamaziko amashishini aseCalifornia, eNew York, eMichigan naseTexas. Iinkampani ezininzi ezenza iimveliso zathuthela eMexico ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi babengabizi. Iimveliso zeemoto, iingubo, iikhomputha kunye nombane wombane ziye zachaphazeleka kakhulu.
Okwesibini, ukunyuka kwamathuba omsebenzi ukunyusa umvuzo . Iinkampani zatshitshisa ukuba ziye eMexico zize zigcine abasebenzi bejoyina imibutho. Ngaphandle kwemibutho yabasebenzi, abasebenzi abazange bakwazi ukufumana umvuzo ongcono. Esi sicwangciso siphumelele kangangokuba saba yinkqubo yokusebenza eyiyo. Phakathi kuka-1993 no-1995, isiqingatha sazo zonke iinkampani sasisebenzisa. Ngo-1999, elo nani lakhula lifikelela kuma-65 ekhulwini.
Okwesithathu, i-NAFTA ifake amafama aseMexico asebenze . Yavumela iimveliso zasefama zaseburhulumenteni base-US eMexico. Amafama asekuhlaleni akakwazanga ukukhuphisana namaxabiso ancedisiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, iifama ezigidi eziyi-1.3 zafakwa ngaphandle kweshishini, ngokutsho kweNkcazo yezoQoqosho. Wanyanzelisa abalimi abangasebenzi ukuba bawele umda ngokungemthetho ukufumana umsebenzi. Ngo-1995, kwakukho izigidi ezingama-2,9 zaseMexico ezazihlala eMelika ngokungekho mthethweni. Ikhulile ibe yi-4.5 yezigidi ngo-2000, mhlawumbi ngenxa ye-NAFTA.
Ukuhlaselwa kwemali kwaqhubela inani eliyi-6.9 yezigidi ngonyaka ka-2007. Ngo-2014, lalingama-5.8 yezigidi, ngokuphindwe kabini apho kwakukho ngaphambi kwe-NAFTA.
Okwesine, amafama aseMexico angasebenziyo aya kusebenza kwiimeko ezincinci kwiprogram ye-maquiladora. I-Maquiladora yilapho iinkampani zase-United States zineenkampani zisebenzise abasebenzi baseMexican kufuphi nomda. Zidibanisa izinto ezincinci ukuthumela ngaphandle kwi-United States. Inkqubo yakhula iqesha iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantu baseMexico.
Eyeshiyagalolunye, iinkampani zase-United States zonakalise imimandla yaseMexico ukuba igcine iindleko eziphantsi. I-Agribusiness eMexico yayisebenzisa izichumisi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Isiphumo sasiyizigidi ezingama-36 zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka ngonyaka ngcoliseko. Amafama aseMaphandleni ayinyanzeliswa ukuba abe ngumhlaba ophantsi ukuze ahlale kwishishini. Bakha amahektha angama-630,000 wamahlathi ngonyaka. Ukuthi ukuchithwa kwamahlathi kunceda ekufudumeni kwehlabathi .
Eyesithandathu, i-NAFTA yavumela amaloli aseMexico ukuba angene eMelika. Amaloli aseMexico ayengagcinwanga kwimigangatho yokhuseleko njengamaloli aseMerika. I-Congress ayizange ivumele le nkonzo ukuba isebenze.
Umtya we-NAFTA Pros and Cons
| Uludwe | Iinkonzo | Umxhasi | Ikufanele oko? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urhwebo | Ukwanda | Ewe | |
| Imisebenzi | Yakha imisebenzi emihlanu yaseMelika | Iimveliso ezingama-682,900 zaseMzantsi Afrika ezilahlekileyo kwezinye iindawo | Ewe |
| Imivuzo | Umyinge wemvuzo ukwandisiwe | Amafa asele e-US aphephe umvuzo | Ewe |
| Ukufuduka | Abantu baseMexico abaphoqeleka ukungena emsebenzini bawela umda ngokungekho mthethweni | Hayi | |
| Abasebenzi | Amanyano aseMelika alahlekelwe umgangatho. Abasebenzi baseMexico baxhatshazwa | Hayi | |
| Yendalo | ICanada yaxhaphaza imimandla ye-shale. Indalo yaseMexico yonakalise | Hayi | |
| Ioli | Iindleko ze-US ziphantsi | Ukuphuculwa koqoqosho lwaseMexico | Ewe |
| Ukutya | Iindleko ze-US ziphantsi | Amafama aseMexico aphuma kwishishini | Hayi |
| Iinkonzo | I-US ithumele imali kunye neenkonzo zonyango lwempilo | Beka iinkampani zaseMexican ngaphandle kweshishini | Ewe |
| FDI | Ukwanda | Akukho | Ewe |
| U Rhu lumente | Iimfuno zokuncintisana ngaphezulu kwiikontraka zikaRhulumente | Ewe |
I-NAFTA iSebenza ngokugqithiseleyo
Ukungahleleki kwe-NAFTA kubalulekile. Ngaba nantoni na iyalungisa ukulahlekelwa kwamashishini aseNew York okanye eMichigan, ukuphathwa kakubi e-United States okanye kwinkqubo ye-maquiladora, kunye nomonakalo ongqongileyo kwimida?
Kodwa kwimiba yezoqoqosho, i-NAFTA yimpumelelo. Ngaphandle kwayo, iUnited States ayiyi kuba namandla kumqhudelwano kunye neYurophu Yomanyano okanye iChina . Oku kubaluleke ngoku ukuba zombini kwezo ndawo zorhwebo ziphezulu ngaphaya kweUnited States njengezoqoqosho ezikhulu emhlabeni .
Ukwandiswa kwezorhwebo kwakudingeka kakhulu emva kweengxaki zemali ka - 2008 . Kwabakho abantu abangenakusebenza ngaphandle kwe-NAFTA.
Mhlawumbi i-NAFTA kufuneka ibe yenzelwe ukukhuselwa okungcono. Ngexesha elifanayo, izivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala ziyimfuneko kwiUnited States xa ukhuphisana kwihlabathi elize lizwe.
Ekujuleni: Ngaba i-Trump Dump i-NAFTA | | NAFTA Facts | NAFTA History | IiNkqubo zoRhwebo zoHlabathi kunye neNgxowa-mali CAFTA | FTAA | GATT