Abancinci baseMexico abafudukela eMelika ukuya kwiVice Versa
Inqanaba lokukhula kweGDP laseMexico lika-2017 laliyi-2.1 ekhulwini, malunga ne-United States, kodwa ngaphantsi kwama-3.0 ekhulwini lokukhula kweCanada. kufana nezinye i-NAFTA. Ukukhula kweMexico kuye kwancipha ukusuka ngo-2016, xa bekuyi-2.3 ekhulwini. Umgangatho wayo wokuphila , njengoko ulinganiselwe yi- GDP nganye , yayingama-$ 19,500. Ingaphantsi kwesahlulo sawo amanye ama-NAFTA.
Uqoqosho lweMexico luxhomekeke kwiiRhwebo
UMexico ngowona-13 umthengi omkhulu kwihlabathi. Ngo-2017, iipesenti ezingama-81 zaso zangaphandle zaya eUnited States. Urhwebo kunye neUnited States kunye neChanada liye laphindwa kathathu ukusayina kwa-NAFTA ngo-1994. Iingxelo ezingaphezu kwama-90 ezorhwebo zaseMexico zingaphansi kwezivumelwano ezi- 12 zorhwebo . UMexico unesivumelwano kunye namazwe angama-44, ngaphezu kweyiphi na isizwe. Ezi zivumelwano zorhwebo zizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuphumelela kweMexico.
UMexico wenza kwaye athengise iimali ezifanayo njengoko zonke iLatin America zidibene. Ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe yiphesenti enkulu yezoqoqosho zaseMexico kunanoma yiphina ihlabathi elikhulu.
Imveliso ye-# 1 yaseMexico ithunyelwa ngemveliso. Ibuye iphinde ithumele isilivere, izithelo, imifuno, ikhofi kunye nekotoni.
UMexico ngowona wesibhozo umlimi ongukhulu kunabo bonke ioli, malunga nezigidi ezintathu zeemitha ngemini. Oku kungaphantsi kweCanada, Iran, okanye iIraq kodwa ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe amakhulu njengama-Kuwait, eBrazil, naseNigeria.
UMexico ungenisa umatshini wokwenza izinto zetsimbi kunye nezolimo. Iphinde ifake izixhobo zombane, iinqwelo zeemoto kunye neenqwelo zeenqwelo, kunye neemveliso zetsimbi zetsimbi.
Kutheni iMexico iyakhaka kubaTyalo-mali
Uqoqosho lweMexico kunye neenkcubeko zitshintsha. Kuze kube ngo-2012, uqoqosho lwamaMexico lwaluqhelanise iBrazil. I-Mexico ngoku yindawo enkulu yokuvelisa i-electronics. Oku kuquka ezininzi ze-TV-screen-screen ezithengiswa e-United States. Kananjalo yenza izixhobo zonyango kunye neengxenye ze-aerospace.
Izivumelwano zokurhweba zaseMexico zivumela abavelisi babo ukuba bangafihla umsebenzi ngaphandle kwee-60 ekhulwini zehlabathi. Le nzuzo ikhangisa amafama angaphandle.
Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe (ukuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokungeniswa kwempahla) lilingana nama-66 ekhulwini le-GDP yelizwe. Iphakamileyo kakhulu kuneBrazil (iipesenti ezingama-26) okanye neChina (iipesenti ezingama-42). Ukugxininiswa kworhwebo kwenza iinkampani zaseMexico zikhuphiswano. I-Gruma ngumenzi omkhulu we-tortilla wehlabathi. UBimbo ngumenzi wesonka esikhulu kunokuba wathola umthengisi wase-US uSara Lee. Iinkampani zaseMexico zifikelela kwimakethi yase-US. Bakwabelana ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo kunye namanye amazwe aseLatin America.
UMexico wakhula ukususela kwi-9 ukuya kweyesixhenxe inkulu yomvelisi wezithuthi emhlabeni phakathi kuka-2010 no-2015.
Ngoku kutshanje kwadlula iJapan njengesiqalo sesibini-esikhulu kunazo zonke se-United States.
Iimpembelelo zoqoqosho
Ingxenye yenguqu iquka uMongameli omtsha, u-Enrique Peña Nieto. NgoDisemba 2013, iCongress yadlulisela ibhilikhwe yakhe, ecetywayo ngo-Agasti, ukuba ikhethe i-oil oil industry yaseMexico ukuba ithande ukutyalomali olufanelekileyo lwangaphandle . Iinkampani zeoli zangaphandle zingabelana naluphi na inzuzo kwioli efunyenwe emithonjeni emitsha. Ukuba imigqaliselo ilungile, oku kuya kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwamanxweme aseMexico anezityebi ezinzulu kunye neendawo zokugcina igesi. Abatyalomali basemzini baza kunceda bakhuphe ioli ngaphezulu kuphela xa bengabelana ngeniso.
Ukubaluleka kwakunqandwa yimpumelelo yangaphambili. I-oil monopoly yelizwe, uPemex, yayinemimandla karhulumente kwaye yathumela yonke imali yayo kwi-federal government. Ngenxa yoko, malunga nesithathu kwisabelo semali kuxhomekeke kwioli.
Esikhundleni sokutshala imali ekuphuhliseni amasimi amatsha, urhulumente wayephatha iPemex njengenkomo yenkomo, ezama nje ukukhulisa inzuzo yesikhashana. Ngenxa yoko, ukuveliswa kwama-25 kwimizuzu eyi-10 edluleyo. I-CEO yatshintshwa yiNgqungquthela ngoFebruwari 2016. I-CEO entsha kufuneka ikhuphisane namaxabiso aphantsi kweoli.
UMongameli uPeña Nieto uphinde ujonge ukukhupha umbane, ukuhlahlisa ixabiso layo. Abatyalomali banqwenela ukubandakanyeka kweMexico kwi-NAFTA, ukuzimela kwebhanki yayo ephakathi, kunye nokunciphisa imali. (Umthombo: "I-Mexico ifungela ii-Oil and Gas Industries," i-Wall Street Journal, ngo-Agasti 13, 2013.)
UMexico wakha izibonelelo zayo ukuphucula urhwebo. Oko kwenza uCarlos Slim Helu, iTycoman telecom tycoon, umntu ocebileyo wehlabathi ngo-2007. Wayegcina loo ngqali kude kube ngowama-2013 xa i-Bill Gates yomsunguli weMicrosoft iphinda iphinda ifakwe. UHelu ungumnikazi weenkampani ezintathu: América Móvil, Telmex, kunye neGrupo Financiero Inbursa. Balawula iipesenti ezingama-70 zeefowuni, ii-80 ekhulwini zemigca yefowuni, kunye neepesenti ezingama-70 ze-broadband.
Oku kunqongophala komncintiswano kukuthintela ukukhula. Ifowuni-ukungena kwefowuni eMexico kungama-85 ekhulwini kuphela, malunga ne-Iraq. Iindleko zokunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba eliphindwe kabini, elifana neChile. Ezinye iindawo ezihamba phambili ziquka iBimbo (isinkwa), iCemex (isitenti) kunye neTelevisa (ithelevishini).
Isikhundla sikaHelu sisongelwa yimigaqo emitsha yaseMexico yokulahla imboni yocingo. Inkampani yaseMelika i-AT & T ingena emakethe ibonga ngokunciphisa amaxabiso.
Ucelomngeni kwi-Economics yaseMexico
Umngeni omkhulu kunzima ukulahla iilayilethi zeziyobisi. Ugxininiso lukaMongameli uPeña Nieto ukunyusa imali yokukhusela ukusuka kwi-1.5% ukuya kwi-5 ekhulwini ye-GDP - izinga elisebenza eColombia. Wayeza kubhala amajoni angama-40,000 kumasebe amapolisa.
UMongameli uPeña Nieto wathatha isikhundla sikaMongameli uFelipe Calderón-Hinojosa. Uqalise ukuchithwa kobugebengu obuhlelekile kunye namapolisa asekuhlaleni. Yakha imfazwe yonke. Olu xhobongela olwandisiweyo lubandakanya ukubuyisela ngokuchasene noluntu ngabantu. Abantu abaninzi baseMexico babeka iCalderon ngokunyusa iinqwelo kunye nokunyusa ubundlobongela.
UCalderon wayenesizathu sokukhathazeka. Emva kokuqhekeka kweColombia, ezininzi iinkqubo zayo ze-cocaine zafudukela eMexico. Ngaphandle kokulawula okunamandla, iinqwelo zithatha oorhulumente bendawo. UCalderon waphitshiswa phantsi ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho lwaseMexico. Kwakhona wathatha amanyathelo okubonelela ngononophelo lwezempilo, ukuxhasa amaziko omthetho, nokukhusela imo.
UMongameli uPena uthembise ukuphucula izikolo, iindlela, kunye neenkonzo zonyango, kunye nokuhlaziya inkqubo yerhafu kunye nemithetho yomsebenzi. Umngeni wakhe omkhulu kwinxalenye esemzantsi yelizwe. Awuzuzi kwinkqubo ye-maquiladora kumda wasentla. Ngaphezulu, jonga i- NAFTA Pros and Cons .
Iindaba Ezimangalisayo NgamaMexico naseMfuduki
Abaninzi baseMerika bakhathazeka ngokufudukela eMthethweni eMexico. Izwe lifumana ngokwenene abafuduki ngokwabo. Abemi belizwe langaphandle bazaliswe kabini ukusuka ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2010. Kule, 750,000 ngabantu baseMelika. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi baseMelika baye bathuthela eMexico kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo kunamacandelwana.
Ukongezelela, izinga lokuzalwa kwelizwe lihla. Kungekudala kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-United States. Ubundlobongela obunxulumene neelayilethi zonyango ziyaqhubeka, njengoko iMexico iyindlela enkulu yokurhweba phantsi komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokubulala elizwe liye lahla ngokukhawuleza okokuqala kwiminyaka emihlanu. (Umthombo: "Emva kobumnyama, i-Dawn," i-Economist, ngoNovemba 24, 2012.)