I-Pros ne-Cons of Immigration
Abafuduki bahlala kunye nabantwana abangama-40.6 abazalwa eMelika abahlali base-US. Abo bantu abayizigidi ezingama-81 abafudukayo kunye neentsapho zabo benza iipesenti ezingama-25 zazo zonke izakhamuzi zase-US. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-75 ngabafuduki bezomthetho kunye nabantwana babo.
Abafuduki bangaphantsi kootitshala abangaphantsi kweMelika. Kodwa oko kuphucula. Ngokomzekelo, iipesenti ezingamashumi amathathu zabafuduki, abaneminyaka engama-25 nangaphezulu, abanakho idiploma yesikolo esiphakamileyo ngokumalunga nama-10 ekhulwini labantu abadala. Kodwa oko kungcono kunokuba ngo-1970, xa ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasemzini bangenazo idiploma yesikolo esiphakeme.
Ukongezelela, iipesenti ezingama-29 zabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe banesidanga sekholeji. Kodwa oku kufana ne-30 ekhulwini yabalingani abazalwayo. Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nesibhozo kwabafuduki abangenayo ukususela ngo-2010 banaloo nqanaba. Ngowe-1970, kuphela iipesenti ezili-12 zabafuduki babenesigidi esiphumelele. Yenyuka iya kuma-16 ekhulwini ngo-2012.
Ubungakanani bokungena kwamanye amazwe
Kwakukho izigidigidi ezili-11.1 ezivela kwilizwe ngokungekho mthethweni ngo-2014. Nguo-3.5 ekhulwini labantu bonke. Ihla ukusuka kwi-12.2 yezigidi ngonyaka ka-2007. Kodwa inani labo liphindwe kathathu ukusuka kwizigidi ezi-3.5 ngo-1990.
Izigidi ezisibhozo zazo zisemsebenzini.
Ehla kwi-8.2 yezigidi ngo-2007. Phantse isiqingatha okanye 3.4 izigidi zihlawule irhafu yentlawulo yeNtlalo yoLuntu. Bona kunye nabaqashi babo bancedise i-$ 13 yezigidigidi ngo-2010. Benza njalo nangona bengakufanelekanga kwiintlawulo zeNtlalo emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
Isiqingatha sisuka eMexico. Oku kungaphantsi ko-2009. Kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho lwaseMexico luphucula.
Ngelo xesha, inani ukusuka e-Asia, e-Afrika kunye ne-Central America liye landa.
Phakathi kwama-700 000 ukuya ku-850,000 abatsha abafudukayo bafika ngokungekho mthethweni ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngaphezulu kwesigxina sawela ngaphesheya komda wase-US. Amanye ama-45 ekhulwini awela umda ngokusemthethweni kodwa akazange abuyele ekhaya xa iivas zabo ziphelile.
Ngo-2013, iSebe lezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya lathumela irekhodi 434,015 abafuduki. Phakathi kwabo, iipesenti ezingama-45 zineenkcukacha zobugebengu. Ulawulo luka-Obama lwaxoshwa kwizigidi ezi-2.4. Yathumela ekhaya ngaphezulu kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala kunokuba ulawulo lwe-Bush lwenze iminyaka emibhozo. Oku kungakhathaliseki ukuxoshwa kokuxoshwa kwabangama-580,946 abatsha abavela kwelinye ilizwe phantsi kwe-Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.
ISebe lezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya libikwe ngo-2013 ukuba kwakukho izigidi ezi-1.9 "abafokazi abanobugebengu abasuswayo." Ezi ziquka zonke iintlobo zabafuduki. UMongameli uDonald Trump wathembisa ukubagxotha ngokukhawuleza.
Ngomkhankaso wongameli we-2016 , uTumpump uthembisa nokwakha udonga emngceleni waseMexico. Imigaqo ye-Trump yokufudukela kwinkqubela yomgaqo-nkqubo igxininisa isimo sakhe sikarhulumente ngabafuduki.
Imbali ye-US Immigration
Ngomnyaka we-1924, iCongress yasungula i-quotas yesizwe-quotas noMthetho we-Immigration Act ka-1924. Yanikezela iifayili zokufudukela kumaphesenti angama-2 ewonke inani labantu besizwe ngasinye eUnited States njengoko kubalo lwabantu besizwe sakwa-1890.
Akubandakanyi bonke abafudukayo baseAsia. Abantu babexhalabile ngenxa yeMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye nemida exhaswe ngokunyanisekileyo yokufuduka. Ngowe-1970, ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe kuye kwawa phantsi kwe-4.7 pesenti yabemi. Kwaye kwaba ngaphantsi kwama-14.7 ekhulwini ngo-1910.
Ngowe-1965, iCongress yatshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo wokufuduka kunye noMthetho wokuThuthwa koMmandla kunye noLuntu. Iphelile iinguqu ezixhomekeke kubuzwe. Esikhundleni saloo nto, yayinomdla kubo abanezakhono ezifunekayo okanye abaye bajoyina iintsapho e-United States. Ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe ukusuka e-Asia naseLatin America.
Ngo-2014, iMelika yamkela izigidi ezi-1.3 ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Oku kunyuka kwi-1.2 yezigidi ngo-2013. I- India ithumele ama-147,500. I-China , eyayithumele abantu abangu-131,800, kunye ne- Mexico , kuma-130,000, yayingqineka. Kwakhona iChanada yayingama-41,200 abafuduki kunye ne-Philippines kuma-40,500 abantu.
Ipesenti yanamhlanje yabafuduki zifana neyokugqibela kwekhulu le-19, xa ama-15 ekhulwini kwabemi baseUnited States bebafuduka. Uninzi lwaluvela eItali, eJamani okanye eCanada. Babengumxhasi, ama-stonemasons, kunye nabathengisi abanezakhono ezifunekayo yi-United States. Ngoxa iipesenti ezili-17 kuphela zabemi baseMelika bezalamakhaya babengabasebenzi abanezakhono, i-27 ekhulwini yabafuduki.
Abo bahlala eMelika iminyaka engama-14 babenokwenzeka ukuba babe namashishini njengowokuzalwa. Abantwana babo bekunokwenzeka ukuba babe ngabagcini-zimali, iinjineli, okanye amagqwetha.
Ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe kukuchaphazela njani
Abafuduki baye bachaphazela kakhulu abasebenzi abathile kumashishini ambalwa. Impembelelo yabo ayixhaphaki kwimarike yomsebenzi. Kodwa ukufuduka kunceda abaninzi abathengi.
Abafuduki abasandul 'ukufika banento enye efanayo ukuba bancishise amandla abo okukhuphisana nabasebenzi bokuzalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo abakhulumi isiNgesi ngokunjalo. Oko kuthetha ukuba abanako ukuthatha imisebenzi efuna izakhono ezinxibelelwano ezinamandla.
Kubasebenzi abangenalo idoleji, oko kuthetha ukuba abafuduki banokuthi bathathe imisebenzi kwezolimo nakwakhiwa. Baya kunciphisa umvuzo kwaye baxoshe abasebenzi basezizalweni kule ndawo. Okubangela ukuba abasebenzi basezizalweni bazalwe kwimisebenzi efana nokuthengiswa kunye neenkonzo zonyango ezifuna izakhono zoqhagamshelwano eziphezulu.
Abafuduki beemigangatho ephakamileyo bayabonakalisa imisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa ezingafuneki unxibelelwano oluphezulu. Oku kuchaphazela kakubi abasebenzi basezizalweni ezizalwe kuloo mihlaba. Kodwa abantu beendawo ekulawuleni nakwabamabonakude abajongani nokhuphiswano oluninzi kubantu basanda kufika.
Kodwa into eyenzakalisa abanye abasebenzi isebenza abathengi. Abafuduki bayehlisela inani lempahla kunye neenkonzo kumntu wonke. Kungenxa yokuba banika umsebenzi ophantsi weendleko ezivumela ukuba iinkampani zinciphise amaxabiso empahla yabathengi.
Ngokuchasene namanye amabango, abafuduki abangekho amathuba okwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kunabantu abemi bomthonyama. Benza kuphela iipesenti ezi-5 zentolongo yesizwe. Kodwa ziquka iipesenti ezi-7 zoluntu. Kukho i-1.9 yezigidi zabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abagwetyelwe inkohlakalo. Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha okanye abayi-820,000 abakwilizwe ngokungemthetho. Kulabo, ama-300,000 anecala lokukholelwa.