Funda izinto ezisisiseko ngaphambi kokuba uthenge
Ukukhetha iNgxowa-mali yeBond Best Best for Purpose Purposes
Iibhondi zikwahlulwe njengeziqinisekiso zokufumana imali engenayo; Ngoko ingeniso yinjongo eqhelekileyo yokuthenga iimali ezixhaswa kunye. Ingeniso yinye inqanaba lemali yentlawulo. Umzekelo, i-bhondi yomntu ngamnye iya kuhlawula umdla, obizwa ngokuba ngumgqwetha (umtyalomali) kwizinga elichaziweyo kwixesha elichaziweyo (ixesha). Ukuba igcinwe ekuvuthweni, kwaye umbopheli wombophelo akayi kuhlawuleka, umnini-mboleko uya kufumana zonke iintlawulo zenzalo kunye ne-100% yazo yeyona nqununu emva kokuphela kwekota.
Kodwa kwimeko yeengxowa-mali zobudlelwane, i-fundual fund iya kubamba amaninzi okanye amakhulu amabhondi kwaye iza kudlulela kwiintlawulo zenzalo, iindleko ezingaphantsi kweengxowa-mali, kubathengi bemali. Xa ufuna ingxowa-mali engcono kakhulu yengeniso, uya kufuna ukujonga kwi- 30 Day Day Incence , ekubhekiselele ekubaleni kwemveliso esekelwe kwimihla engama-30 ephela ngomhla wokugqibela wenyanga edlulileyo.
Isivuno sibonakalisa izabelo kunye nomdla owenziweyo ngexesha, emva kokuncitshiswa kweendleko zeengxowa-mali.
I-SEC isivuno sivuno esicatshulwa ngumtyalo-mali uza kufumana ngonyaka ukucinga ukuba ibhondi nganye iqhutywe ukukhula. Kodwa gcinani ekhumbule ukuba iibhanki zebhanki (i-bond bonds) zingabanjwanga ukukhula kunye neengxowa-mali zibopheleleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kweSuku lweeNtsuku ezingama-30 kunika ulwazi oluncedo kubatyalomali kuba lunceda ukuqikelela umvuzo, uchazwe njengepesenti, efunekayo ngenjongo yokucwangcisa.
Iimali zeBond zikwazisa ingxelo yoThengiselo lweeNyanga ezili-12 (TTM), kodwa esi sivuno sibonakalisa esidlulileyo kwaye akunakufana noko kunyaka ozayo. Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, ukuveliswa kweengxowa-mali zezibhondi kuye kwadlula, okwenze ukuba kube nomdla onamandla kwiimali ezibophelelweyo. Eyaziwa nangokuthi iifowuni ezibophelelweyo , i-bond-bond bond-bond bonds inomngcipheko wemarike kwaye abatyali-mali kufuneka baqaphele xa betyala imali kulezi ziqinisekiso.
Ukutshala imali kwiiNgxowa-mali zeBond ye-Diversification
Enye injongo eqhelekileyo yokutyalomali kwiimali ezizibopheleleyo zihlukeneyo . Ixabiso leBond lihamba kwindlela eyahlukileyo njengamazinga enzala. Ngoko xa iBhodi yeSigqeba yeSigqeba ibonisa ukuba iya kunciphisa umyinge wezinga lomrhumo ohlawulwe kwiibhanki, amaxabiso amabhonkco ahlala ephakamileyo. Kwaye iFed iyanciphisa amaxabiso xa uqoqosho lubuthathaka.
Ngoko ke iimali zengxowa-mali ziyakwenza kakuhle xa uqoqosho kunye nemarike yemasheya engekho. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, abatyala-mali abaninzi bathanda ukufaka iimali ezibophelelweyo kwiiphothifoliyo zabo ukubonelela ngokulinganisela kunye nokuzinza xa imali yabo yesigxina ingaba ixabiso.
Iimali ezigqwesileyo ezigqithisiweyo zokubambisa iintlobo zemali zentengiso yemali, njenge-Vanguard Total Bond Market Index (VBMFX), efuna ukuphinda ibuyisele ingxelo ye- Barclay ye-United Bond Index Index kuthengiswa kwi-US
Uninzi lwabatyalomali abafuna ukuhlukahluka abafuni ukubheka iimali ezibophelelweyo kunye nezivuno eziphezulu; Baya kuthi bafune iimali ezifana ne-VBMFX ejongene nazo zonke iintlobo zeebhondi kwiindleko eziphantsi okanye ubuncinci imali kunye namaxabiso angaphantsi kwamaxabiso .
Ukukhetha iAkhawunti yeNtengo yeNtengo kwiiNgxowa-mali zakho zeBond
Ekubeni iimali zengxowa-mboleko ziyimali yokufumana imali, uzakufuna ukwenza okusemandleni akho ukukhawulela irhafu kuloo ntlawulo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unako ukhetho, ngokuqhelekileyo kubambelele imali yokubophelela kwi-akhawunti ehlawulwe irhafu njenge-akhawunti yomhlala phantsi (IRA) okanye 401 (k). Ingeniso yemali kunye neengeniso zentengo ayihlawulwanga ngelixa ugcina imali kule akhawunti. Endaweni yoko, irhafu "ichithwa" kuze kube yilapho usenza izihoxiso. Ngako oko iimali zebhondi ziya kuncedisa ngakumbi kwi-interest, kwaye ziza kukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwiakhawunti echazwe ngerhafu.
Ukuba ufuna okanye ufuna ukubamba iifowuni zebhanki kwi-akhawunti yokurhafisa irhafu, unokuqwalasela ukutshala imali kwiimali zebhanki zikamasipala . Nangona izivuno zeemali zebhanki zikamasipala zihlala ziphantsi kuneemali zebhanki ezihlawulwayo, inzala evela kwiibhanki zikamasipala ayinanto yentlawulo kwi-Federal tax tax level. Kwaye ukuba iinqununu zikamasipala zivela kwilizwe apho uhlala khona, irhafu yengeniso, xa ikhona, inokukhululeka kwinqanaba likarhulumente ngokunjalo. Unokwazi ukujonga iimali zebhanki zikamasipala ezithenga kuphela izibophelelo zikamasipala ngaphakathi kwimeko yakho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uhlala eNew York, unokukhangela iimali zebhanki zikamasipala waseNew York njengeVanguard New York Fund-Exempt Fund (VNYTX).
Ukudibanisa iifowuni zakho zeBond kunye neNjongo yakho yoTyalo-mali
Sifake sele sifikelele ukutyalomali kwiimali ezibophelelweyo kwiingeniso kunye nokutyalomali kwiimali ezibophelelweyo. Kodwa kwakhona kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba injongo yakho yotyalomali, ngokukodwa ixesha lakho lokugqibela, lifanisa uhlobo olulungileyo lwentlawulo yebhondi.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukhangele i-fund ye-bond engcono kakhulu inokufumana inzala ephakamileyo kune-CD okanye i-akhawunti yokulondoloza ebhankini, kwaye kukho ithuba oza kufuneka uyihoxise enye okanye yonke imali yakho kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwimibini, Isikhwama sesigxina sexesha elifutshane okanye isikhwama se -short-term bond bond ingaba yinto ekhethileyo.
Ukuba ixesha lakho lokubamba lide ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, unako ukutyalomali malunga naluphi na uhlobo lwekhredithi ekhonkco edibana nezinye iinjongo zakho, ezinjengenzuzo okanye ulwahlulo.
Xa uhambelana neengxowa-mali zebhanki kwiinjongo zakho zotyalo-mali, qiniseka ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iimali zesikhonkco zinokuhla kwexabiso. Kwezinye iimeko, kungabulumko ukuba ungasebenzisi i-bond ye-bond. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ucinga ukuba kuya kufuneka uhoxise imali engaphantsi konyaka omnye, iimali zesikhonkco (okanye nayiphina imali edibeneyo yaloo nto) ayilona olukhethileyo.