IiNgxowa-mali zeMaspala kaMasipala kunye nokuThengiswa kweRhafu-Equivalent
Ngoko, kutheni ufuna ukuthenga isikhwama se-bond bond kamasipala ukuba unokuthenga esinye isikhwama sebhondi esinesivuno esiphezulu?
Ziziphi iiNgxowa-mali zeMasipala?
Iimali zezibophelelo zikamasipala zibophelele izibophelelo ezikhutshwa nguorhulumente karhulumente kunye noluntu (kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nalo).
Iingxowa-mali zoomasipala zikamasipala ngokubanzi zithengwa ukufumana unyango lwerhafu olulungileyo olunikezelwa kwiibhanki zikamasipala kunye neenzuzo zohlukeneyo ze-fund fund . Kodwa unganquma njani ukuba isivuno senkxaso-mali yesigqeba kamasipala sikhangeleka xa kuthelekiswa nekhredithi ebolekiswayo yerhafu? Eminye into elinganayo, impendulo ibhalwe kwisivuno esifanayo.
Uhlobo lweeNgxowa-mali zamaBhunga kaMasipala
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ingeniso eveliswe ngaphakathi kweengxowa-mali zoomasipala kamasipala ayikho intela kwinqanaba lika-federal. Ukuba le ngxowa-mali inamabhondi kamasipala akhutshwe kwilizwe lasekhaya lomtyalomali, ke le nzala ayinaso irhafu kwinqanaba likarhulumente.
Ngenxa yokungahlawulwa kwentlawulo yeebhanki zikamasipala, umniki-mali (kule meko oomasipala) unokunikela ngesivuno esincinane kunezibhanki ezihlawulwayo (umz., Izibophelelo zenkampani, izibhonkco ze- US Treasury ) ezineempawu ezifanayo (oko kukuthi, ukukhula, ikhwalithi yekhredithi) ngelixa esaludala abatshali-mali.
Ukubalwa ngokukhawuleza kwesivuno esilingana nentlawulo kuya kunceda umnini-zimali anqume ukuba ngaba ungumviwa ofanelekileyo kumxhasi we-bond bond.
UkuThumela kweRhafu-Equivalent Ukuzaliswa kweeNgxowa-mali zeBhunga likaMasipala
Ukucinga ukuba ukhula olufanayo kunye nekhwalithi yekhredithi, ngaba unokuthenga i-bond ehlawulwayo ehlawulela u-5% okanye ibhondi kamasipala ehlawula irhafu ehlawula i-4%? Isisombululo esilula kukubala isivuno esifanayo. Umrhumo olinganayo nentlawulo yintlawulo engekahlawulwa ngaphambi kokuba irhafu ehlawulwayo ihlawule ngokulingana nentlawulo yesibhambathiso sikamasipala.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umtyalo-mali kwi-bracket engama-35% esecaleni ihlawulisa amabhondi amabini angentla apha, umtyalomali uza kubahlula i-bond ezamahala bond tax bond.
Intlawulo-Equivalent YiNtlawulo = .04 / 1 - .35 = 6.15%
Ukubala kusitsho ukuba isivuno se-6.15% kwisibophelelo esicatshulwayo silingana nesivuno samahhafu se-4%. Ngoko ke, ukuba uthelekisa iimali zebhanki ezihlawuliswayo kunye neengxowa-mali zebhanki zikamasipala, isivuno esifanayo esifanelekileyo sendawo yindawo efanelekileyo yokuqalisa inkqubo yophando.
Unokuphinda ukwandise isivuno sobanjiso esikhankanywe ngentlawulo ye-5% ngenye yokunciphisa izinga lakho lentlawulo (.05 amaxesha 1-.35 = .0325). Olu kubalo lusitshela ukuba isivuno semboleko esithweswe irhafu ye-5% silingana nentlawulo yemali yebhondi yomasipala ka-3.25%.
Ngaba iNgxowa-mali yeBond ye-Municipal?
Iimali zezibophelelo zikamasipala zikhokelela ngokutsha kubatyalomali kwiibhanki eziphezulu zerhafu nangaphandle kweeakhawunti zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi (umzekelo, ii-IRAs, 401k) apho iirhafu zichazwe kwiibhanki ezihlawuliswayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka usebenzise ukulinganisela kwemali yokulinganisa ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu ukuchonga ukuba umvuno emva kwentela uthandeka.
Ungaphinda ufune ukuphinda uhlaziywe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezisiseko malunga nendlela ukuhlawuliswa kwemali .