Yiyiphi ehamba phambili: Akukho-i-Load Funds okanye i-Load Funds?
Yiyiphi imithwalo ye-Mutual Fund Load?
Umthwalo wesikhwama-mali kunye nentlawulo ehlawulwe ukuthengwa okanye ukuthengiswa kweengxowa-mali. Imithwalo ehlawulwe xa kuthengwa izabelo zeengxowa zibizwa ngokuba yi-front-end load kunye nemithwalo ehlawuliswayo xa kuthengiswa i-fund fund ibizwa ngokuba yimithwalo yokugqibela okanye i-CDSC. Iimali ezihlawula imali ebizwa ngokuba "yimali yokulayisha" kunye neengxowa ezingahlawulwanga iintlawulo zibizwa ngokuthi "akukho mthwalo-mthwalo."
Ngaba Uya Kukwenza okanye Usebenzise Umcebisi?
Umbuzo wokuqala ukuwubuza kwingxowa-mthwalo engekho mthwalo kunye nomthwalo wesikhwama somthwalo kukuba ufuna ukutshala imali okanye ukusebenzisa umcebisi . Ekubeni umthwalo uya kuhlawula iingcebiso kunye / okanye inkonzo ekwenzeni ukuthengiselana kwemali, kufuneka uqale ugqibe ukuba ufuna ukwenza yonke uphando kunye nokuthengisa okanye ukuba ufuna umcebisi okanye umthengisi ukuba akwenze oko. Ubungcali nolwazi oluncinane ngaphantsi kwesigwebo esihle kwihlabathi lokutshala imali. Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba umcebisi owaziyo unokwenza izigqibo zokuphazamisa iphothifoliyo xa zithonywe okanye zibangelwa ukuhaha okanye ukwesaba.
Uninzi lwabacebisi-mali kunye nabathengi banokutshatyalaliswa kwimeko yokuvakalelwa kunye nesigqibo esilungileyo esingabangela ukubuyiswa okufutshane ngexesha elide njengoko umyinge uyenzayo-ngokwakho. Nangona kunjalo, umcebisi olungileyo uya kujonga ngemali yakho ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uncede ukubeka imephu yendlela elandelayo ukuze ufikelele kwiinjongo zemali zakho zexesha elizayo xa uhlala ubomi bakho ngoku.
Kungakanani oku kulungele kuwe?
Izizathu zokuthenga iFund Load
Kutheni uthenge i-fund fund? Ekuqaleni, usenokucinga ukuba akukho mali-mthwalo yindlela efanelekileyo yokuya kubatyalo-mali kodwa oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isizathu sokuthengwa kwemali esithweleyo siyafana neemeko zokuba zikhona kwindawo yokuqala - ukuhlawula umcebisi okanye umthengisi owenza uphando lweengxowa-mali, wenza isinconywa, uthengise yona ngxowa-mali, wabeka intengiso ngokuthenga. Nangona kunjalo, akukho sizathu esihle sokuhlawula nabani na ngaphandle kokuba kukho into enokubaluleka, ngaphandle kweengxowa-mali.
Abanye abacebisi nabathengi bahlawulwa ngeekomishoni kwaye le ntlawulo yentlawulo ithetha ukulandela isiluleko kumthengi-mali okanye kumthengi. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuthenga iimali zomthwalo ngaphandle kobudlelwane bomthengi osemthethweni, akukho sizathu esihle.
Umgca osezantsi: Ngokubanzi, nawuphi na utyalomali owenza uphando lwakhe, ukwenza izigqibo zakhe zokutshala imali, nokwenza ukuthenga kwakhe okanye ukuthengiswa kwezabelo zentengo mali akufanele kuthenge iimali zomthwalo .
Kutheni ukuthenga i-No-Load Fund?
Kutheni uthenge isikhwama somthwalo? Uyazi ukuba kufuneka ungathengi imali-mthwalo xa ungasebenzisi umcebisi. Kodwa ziziphi ezinye izizathu zokuthenga imali engekho mthwalo?
Mhlawumbi isizathu esona siza kukukhuthaza ukubuyiswa ngokunciphisa iindleko.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimali ezingekho mthwalo zinexabiso eliphantsi lokuhlawula imali kuneemali zokulayisha kunye neendleko ezincinci ngokubanzi ziguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba iindleko zokulawula iipotifoliyo zentengiso zihlangene ngqo kwiingxowa-mali ezipheleleyo.
Umzekelo, ukuba ingxowa-mali iyonke ibuyele kwi-10.00% ngaphambi kweemali kunye neendleko kunye nenani elipheleleyo leendleko ze-fund i-1.00%, ukubuya kwangempela-mali ngu-9.00%. Khawucinge ukuba uthenge i-stock-cap-cap stock fund, leyo ingaba nexabiso lentengo ye-1.25%. Umtyalo-mali unokufumana kalula isikhwama somthwalo ngexabiso lentengo ye-0.75% okanye ngaphantsi. Oku kunenzuzo engama-0.50% yokubuyisela-ngonyaka ngonyaka ngenzuzo yengxowa-mali. Ngethuba lexesha, oku kunokuthetha ukuhluka kwamawaka eedola zokulondolozwa kunye nomdla wenzalo kumtyalo-mali esebenzisa isikhwama esingenasiphelo.
I-12b-1 Imali kwi-No-Load Mutual Funds?
Umrhumo we-12b-1 ngumrhumo oqokelelwe yimali ehlangeneyo eqhelekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ukuhlawula ukuthengisa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye neendleko zenkonzo, kwaye ihlawulwa kumthengisi. I-Financial Management Regulations (FINRA) ivumela imali ukuba ihlawulwe kangange-1.00% ngonyaka njengomrhumo we-12b-1.
Ingxowa-mali engeyiyo -mthwalo ayiyi kuhlawulisa umrhumo we-12b-1 ngelixa iiklasi eziqhelekileyo zohlu hlobo lweemali ezixhasayo ziquka iintlawulo zeBakala B (iimali zeemali zokubuyisela) kunye ne- Class C Shares ("imithwalo yomthwalo").
Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho i-fund ayikhokhanga umthwalo woluphi na uhlobo kodwa uhlawula umrhumo we-12b-1. Ezi zithili zikwabandakanya iiFoward-Waived Funds kunye neeSahlulo R.
Yiyiphi ephezulu, Akukho mthwalo okanye i-Load-yeived?
Ngaba kufuneka usebenzise imali engekho mthwalo okanye imali ekhutshwe ngumthwalo ? Le nto i-apples kunye nee-oranges. Nangona kunjalo, imali engekho imithwalo yemali ibinomlinganiselo omncinci weendleko eziqhelekileyo kuneemali ezikhutshwe ngumthwalo. Iindleko eziphantsi zidla ngokuguqulela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu kumtyalomali, ingakumbi kwixesha elide. Ngako-ke akukho mithwalo ibhetele ngakumbi kuneemali ezikhutshwe ngumthwalo, ubuncinci ngokweendleko eziphantsi, ezinokukhokelela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu.
Isixokelelwano esiyiyo-mthwalo asiyihlawulanga nayiphi na imithwalo kwaye ayinayo imirhumo, njengemirhumo ye-12b-1, ebonakala ngathi ifihliwe kumtyalomali. Nangona kunjalo, iimali ezikhutshwe ngumthwalo zihlala zihlawula iirhafu ze-12b-1. Ngaloo ndlela umcebisi okanye umthengisi ohlawulwa yikhomishini angayenza imali ngaphandle kokuhlawulwa umthwalo. Benza njani oku? Basusa (vula) umthwalo kodwa gcina imali ye-12b-1. Ngoko ke iimali ezikhutshwe ngumthwalo zivakala ngathi ufumana intsebenziswano elungileyo kodwa kufuneka uyenze uphando lwakho kwaye qiniseka ukuba awuthengi imali nge-12b-1.
Iingxowa-mali ezidibeneyo ezikhutshwe ngumthwalo zifunyenwe ngu "LW" ekupheleni kwegama le-fund. Ngokwahlukileyo, iimali ezingekho mthwalo azikho na ileta okanye iileta, njenge-A, B, C, D, R, okanye LW, ekupheleni kwegama le-fund ebonisa isigaba sabelo.
Funda ngeeNtlu zeeNkxaso zeNkxaso zeMali
Yiyiphi indidi yeklasi yohlobo oluhle kuwe ? Ngamanye amaxesha uya kufumana isikhwama sokubambisana esifanelekileyo esifanele iimfuno zakho kodwa asiyi kuba yingxowa-mthwalo okanye umthwalo okhutshwe ngumthwalo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeeklasi zentengiso yabathengi, nganye neenzuzo zayo kunye neentsilelo, eninzi zazo eziphambili kwiindleko. Ukuqhathaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kweeklasi zokwabelana, unokufuna ukukhangela kwinqaku, Yiyiphi iCandelo leSahlulo soTshintshelo lweMali eliPhambili elihle kakhulu? Kodwa okwangoku, nantsi ezinye iingongoma ezisisiseko malunga neziseko zentlobo zeklasi zokwabelana.
- Izabelo ze-Class A zineentlawulo zokuthengisa ezisekupheleni (imithwalo). Umthwalo, ohlawulwayo ukuhlawula iinkonzo zomcebisi-mali okanye umqeqeshi wezezimali, uhlala u-5.00% kwaye unokuphakanyiswa. Umthwalo uhlawulwa xa izabelo zithengwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthenge i-$ 10,000 zeengxowa-mali ze-Class A ze-Fund, kwaye "umthwalo" ngu-5.00%, ngoko uhlawula i-$ 500 njengekhomishini kwaye uya kuba ne-$ 9,500 eyabelwe imali kwingxowa-mali. Izabelo zilungele abatshali-mali abaceba ukutyala imali eninzi yee dollar kwaye baya kuthenga amashishini ngokungapheliyo. Ukuba inani lokuthenga liphezulu ngokwaneleyo, unokufanelekela "iiphulophu zokuphumula." Qiniseka ukuba ubuze malunga nalezi izaphulelo kwimithwalo xa uceba ukuthenga izabelo ezongezelelweyo ze-fund (okanye iimali ezixhasanayo kwiintsapho ezifanayo).
- Izabelo zeBakala B yinkalo yesabelo sokwabelana ngemali engasithwali i-front-end charges, kodwa kunoko ihlawule umrhumo wokuthengisa okulandelelweyo (CDSC) okanye "umthwalo wokugqibela." Izabelo zeBakala B nazo ziba nemali ephezulu e-12b-1 kunezinye iiklasi zezabelo zentengiso. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba utyalomali uthenge amasheya e-Class B esikolweni, abayi kuhlawulwa umthwalo wokugqibela kodwa baya kuhlawula umthwalo wokugqibela emva kokuba umtyalomali uthengisa izabelo phambi kwexesha elichaziweyo, eliyiminyaka engama-7, kwaye inokuhlawuliswa ukuya kuma-6% ukuhlawulela izabelo zabo. Izabelo zeBakala B zingagqithiselwa ukutshintshwa kwizabelo ze-Class A emva kweminyaka esixhenxe okanye yesibhozo. Ngako oko banokuba ngabahle kakhulu kubatyalo-mali abangenayo ngokwaneleyo ukutyalo-mali ukuze bafumane ithuba lokuphumula kwi-A share, kodwa banenjongo yokubamba izabelo zeB e iminyaka emininzi okanye ngaphezulu.
- Amasheya eSigaba C ahlawula "umthwalo umthwalo" ngonyaka, oqhelekileyo u-1.00%, kwaye le ntlawulo ayizange ihambe, okwenza i-C yabelane ngemali eyona xabisa kakhulu kubalimi-mali abatyala ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, ngokubanzi, sebenzisa iAs share for short-term (engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3) kwaye sebenzisa izabelo zexesha elide (ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-8), ngakumbi ukuba unokufumana ikhefu kwimphambili phambi kokwenza enkulu kuthengwa. Izabelo zeBakala B zingagqithiselwa ukutshintshwa kwizabelo ze-Class A emva kweminyaka esixhenxe okanye yesibhozo.
- Izabelo ze- Class D zihlala zifana neengxowa-mali ezingabikho mthwalo kuba ziyingxenye yesabelo sokwabelana ngeengxowa-mali ezadalwa njengenye indlela eyahlukileyo kwingxenye, isabelo B kunye ne-share share cash, umthwalo okanye umthwalo wenqanaba, ngokulandelanayo.
- Izabelo zabacebisi zifumaneka kuphela ngomcebisi-mali-mali, ngoko ke isicatshulwa esithi "Adv" silandela amagama eemali kweli candelo lesabelo. Ezi mali zivame ukukhishwa umthwalo kodwa zingenayo i-12b-1 imirhumo ukuya kwi-0.50%. Ukuba usebenza nomcebisi-mali okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezezimali, izabelo ze-Adv ziyakwenza okokukhetha kwakho kuba iindleko zihlala ziphantsi kwee B okanye izabelo zeC.
- Iimali zeklasi zeziko (aka "Inst", iCandelo I, iCandelo X, okanye iCandelo Y) ngokubanzi zifumaneka kuphela kubafakeli-mali beziko kunye nexabiso elincinci lokutsalwa kwe-$ 25,000 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwezinye iimeko apho abatyali-mali batshaba imali ndawonye, njengama-401 (k) amacebo, amaqhekeza angaphunyezwa ukuze asebenzise iimali zeeklasini zokwabelana ngezikolo, eziqhelekileyo zinexabiso eliphantsi kweendleko kunezinye iiklasi zezabelo.
- Izabelo zakwabelo ezingenayo umthwalo kodwa zineemali ezi-12b-1 eziqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-0.25% ukuya kwi-0.50%. Ukuba i-401 yakho (k) ibonelela kuphela ngemali yeeklasi ze-R zokwabelana, iindleko zakho zinokuba ziphakamileyo kunokuba ukuba ukhetho lotyalo-mali lubandakanya ingeniso yomthwalo okanye umthwalo okhutshwe ngumthwalo kwi-fund efanayo.
Iikhompyutheni zeeNkcazo kunye neeNtlawulo
Uninzi lweentlobo zakho zisebenzise iimali zenkcazo kunye neengxowa-mthwalo ezingekho mnye-isizathu sokwakha iipotifoliyo zeemali kunye nemali ephakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abatyali-mali abathile abanako ukuba bayazi ukuba ezinye iimali zenkcazo nazo zinemithwalo.
Akunakuze kugxininiswe ngokwaneleyo ukuba abatyali-mali abayibeke batyala imali kwingxowa-mali yenkcazo ngomthwalo ! Injongo yolu hlobo lokutsalwa kwetyala kukungqinelana ngokukhawuleza nokusebenza kwenkcazo yokulinganisa. Ukuba kukho umthwalo, indleko yenkcitho yokuthengisa iyanqoba injongo yendlela ephantsi yokubiza ukuba iphumelele kwisicwangciso-mali sokwenza imali.
IiNgxowa-mali eziSebenzayo-mali kunye neNgxowa-mali eziPhathwayo
Ingaba iimali ezilawulwa ngempumelelo zifanele ukuhlawula umthwalo? Iingenelelo zemali elawulwa ngokusebenzayo zisekelwe ekucingeni ukuba umphathi weepotfoliyo angakhetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukugcina izitokethi eziza kuphazamisa umlinganiselo wokujonga. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko yokubamba iziqinisekiso ezifanayo njenge-index index, kucingwa ukuba umphathi weepotfoliyo uya kuthenga okanye abambe i-securities engakwazi ukukhupha isalathisi kwaye agweme okanye athengise abo balindelwe ukuba bangaphantsi.
Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ithuba lokufumana imali ephezulu kunokuba isicwangciso sokutshala imali singasiphumeli, umtyalo-mali unokucinga ukuba ukuhlawula umthwalo kubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, umthwalo uya kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukubuya kwe-zimali, okungazinciphisa ngokugqithiseleyo iingxaki zokubetha ibhenkmark okanye i-index.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zengxoxo kuphela, kwaye akufanele lichazwe ngokungeniswa njengeengcebiso zotyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kweemeko ngaba le nkcazelo ibonisa isincomo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziqinisekiso.