Iindleko, iingenelo kunye neentsilelo zeentlobo zeeKlasi zeeMpahla zeMatual Share
Iiklasi zeSahlulo A sabelane
Iiklasi zeengxowa-mali ze-joint fund zineentlawulo zentengiso zangaphambili (eyaziwa nangokuthi "umthwalo"). Umthwalo, ohlawulwa ukuhlawula iinkonzo zomcebisi-mali okanye umqeqeshi wezezimali, uhlala u-5.00 kwaye unokuphakanyiswa. Umthwalo uhlawulwa xa izabelo zithengwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthenge i-$ 10,000 zeengxowa-mali ze-Class A ze-Fund, kwaye "umthwalo" ngu-5.00%, ngoko uhlawula i-$ 500 njengekhomishini kwaye uya kuba ne-$ 9,500 eyabelwe imali kwingxowa-mali.
Izabelo zilungele abatshali-mali abaceba ukutyala imali eninzi yee dollar kwaye baya kuthenga amashishini ngokungapheliyo. Ukuba inani lokuthenga liphezulu ngokwaneleyo, unokufanelekela "iiphulophu zokuphumula." Qiniseka ukuba ubuze malunga nalezi izaphulelo kwimithwalo xa uceba ukuthenga izabelo ezongezelelweyo ze-fund (okanye iimali ezixhasanayo kwiintsapho ezifanayo).
Iimali zeSahluko B sabelana
Ngokungafani nezabelo ze-A, iikota zakwa-Class B zamasheya ziyinxalenye yesabelo seengxowa-mali ezingahambelanga iintlawulo zokuthengisa, kodwa kunoko zihlawulise umrhumo wokuthengiswa okuthengisiweyo (CDSC) okanye "umthwalo wokugqibela." Izabelo zeBakala B nazo ziba nemali ephezulu e-12b-1 kunezinye iiklasi zezabelo zentengiso.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba utyalomali uthenge amasheya e-Class B esikolweni, abayi kuhlawulwa umthwalo wokugqibela kodwa baya kuhlawula umthwalo wokugqibela emva kokuba umtyalomali uthengisa izabelo phambi kwexesha elichaziweyo, eliyiminyaka engama-7, kwaye inokuhlawuliswa ukuya kuma-6% ukuhlawulela izabelo zabo.
Izabelo zeBakala B zingagqithiselwa ukutshintshwa kwizabelo ze-Class A emva kweminyaka esixhenxe okanye yesibhozo.
Ngako oko banokuba ngabahle kakhulu kubatyalo-mali abangenayo ngokwaneleyo ukutyalo-mali ukuze bafumane ithuba lokuphumula kwi-A share, kodwa banenjongo yokubamba izabelo zeB e iminyaka emininzi okanye ngaphezulu.
Iimali zeeKlasi zeC Share
Iklasi C Yabelana ngemali ehlawula imali "inqanaba lomthwalo" ngonyaka, oqhelekileyo u-1.00%, kwaye le ntlawulo ayizange ihambe, okwenza i-C yabelane ngemali eyona xabisa kakhulu kubalimi-mali abatyala imali ixesha elide. Kukho i-12b-1 imirhumo. Ngombono othobekileyo ngemali yakho yesikhokelo, iA share share funds inenzuzo kakhulu kubathengi kunye nabacebisi-mali, kungekhona umtyalomali, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu eziqhubekayo. Ukuba umcebisi wakho uncoma izabelo ze-C, zibuze ukuba kutheni bengabalulekanga izabelo okanye izabelo zeB, zombini ezo zilungele ixesha lokutsalwa kwexesha lokutyalomali ngaphezu kweminyaka embalwa.
Ngokubanzi sebenzisa iAs share for short-term (engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3) kwaye sebenzisa izabelo zexesha elide (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-8), ingakumbi ukuba unako ukufumana ikhefu kwimphambili phambi kokuthenga enkulu. Izabelo zeBakala B zingagqithiselwa ukutshintshwa kwizabelo ze-Class A emva kweminyaka esixhenxe okanye yesibhozo.
Iiklasi zeSahluko seD Share
I-D yeemali ezixhasanayo zivame ukufana neengxowa-mali ezingekho mthwalo kuba ziyingxenye yesabelo sokwabelana ngemali eyadalwa njengenye indlela eyahlukileyo isabelo , isabelo sesabelo se-B kunye ne- share share cash, ukulayisha okanye ukulayisha umgangatho, ngokulandelanayo.
Enye yeengxowa-mali ezixhaswa kakhulu kwiD e-PIMCO I-Return Real D. Ukuthelekiswa nePIMCO Real Return, A PIMCO Real Return B kunye ne-PIMCO I-Return Real C, iklasi ye-D kuphela yodwa engenalo mthwalo kwaye inomlinganiselo wexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.
Iiklasi Zokwabelana Ngeengxowa-mali
Izabelo zakwa-Adv zokwabelana ngemali zifumaneka kuphela ngomcebisi-mali-mali, ngoko ke isicatshulwa esithi "Adv." Le mali ayikho mthwalo (okanye into ebizwa ngokuthi "umthwalo okhutshiwe") kodwa ingaba neerhafu ezi-12b-1 ukuya kwi-0.50%. Ukuba usebenza nomcebisi-mali okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezezimali, izabelo ze-Adv ziyakwenza okokukhetha kwakho kuba iindleko zihlala ziphantsi.
Iikholeji zeeNkxaso zeeNkxaso zeKlasi
Iimali ze-Inst (i-Class I, i-Class X, i-Class Y okanye iYlasi Y) ngokubanzi zifumaneka kuphela kubafakeli-mali beziko ngexabiso elincinci lokutsalwa kwe-$ 25,000 okanye ngaphezulu.
Kwezinye iimeko apho abatyali-mali batshaba imali ndawonye, njengama-401 (k) amacebo, amaqhekeza angaphunyezwa ukuze asebenzise iimali zeeklasini zokwabelana ngezikolo, eziqhelekileyo zinexabiso eliphantsi kweendleko kunezinye iiklasi zezabelo.
Iimali ezixhaswe nguMthwalo
Iimali ezikhutshwe ngemithwalo yemali zikwabelana ngeengxowa-mali zeclassi kwiimali ezilayishiwe, njengemali yeklasi yezabelo . Njengoko igama liphakamisa, umthwalo wesikhwama somxhaso uxoshwa (awuhlawulwanga). Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi mali zinikezwa ngo-401 (k) izicwangciso apho imali elayishiwe ingakhethi. Iimali zengxowa-mali eziye zatshatyalaliswa zifunyenwe ngu "LW" ekupheleni kwegama le-fund kunye nasekupheleni kwesimboli seelayi .
Ngokomzekelo, i-American Funds Growth Fund yaseMelika A (AGTHX), esiyiNgxowa-mali yesabelo, sinokukhethwa komthwalo, i-American Funds Growth Fund yaseMelika A LW (AGTHX.LW).
Iiklasi zeSahlulo R sabelane
R ukwabelana ngemali kunye nemali engenayo imithwalo (oko kukuthi umthwalo wokugqibela, umthwalo wokugqibela okanye umthwalo) kodwa baneemali ezi-12b-1 eziqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-0.25% ukuya kwi-0.50%.
Ukuba i-401 yakho (k) ibonelela ngemali yeklasi ye-R kuphela, iindleko zakho zinokuba ziphakamileyo kunokuba ukuba ukhetho lwentengiso lubandakanyekile inguqu-mthwalo (okanye ukukhishwa kwemithwalo) kweso sikhwama esifanayo.
I-Family share yengxowa ye-R yabonwa ngo-401 (k) izicwangciso zeMali zeMelika. Ngokomzekelo, unokubona i-American Funds Growth Fund yaseMerika okanye i-American Funds Abanini-mali abakhulu okanye i-American Funds Small Cap World kwi-R1, R2, R3 okanye i-R4.
Kuqikelele ukufumana inzuzo nayiphi na iminikelo ehambelanayo nomqeshi angayenza xa unika isandla kwi-401 yakho (k). Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo kwindleko yemali , ngakumbi ukuba akukho mlinganiso womqeshi. Ngoko ke, unokukhetha ukuvula i-akhawunti yakho kwaye ufumane isikhwama somthwalo.
Yenza Yakho Ngomcebisi
Ukuba awusebenzisi umcebisi-mali - mali, akukho mfuneko yokutyalomali kwiklasi ethile yokwabelana. Ngokomzekelo, imali engekho mthwalo ayiyiyo "isigaba sabelo".
Ingaba uyenzela wena okanye ukhethe ingcali yeengcebiso zezezimali, ukhetha umcebisi. Qalisa inkqubo yesigqibo sokuqesha umcebisi ngokubuza imibuzo embalwa yokucinga: Ukuba umhlobo ufuna umcebisi, ngaba unokukucebisa? Ngaba ufuna ukuqesha wena njengomcebisi okanye kufuneka uqeshe omnye umntu? Iyiphi ixabiso lexesha lakho lifaniswa neendleko zemali zokusebenzisa umcebisi? Ngaba uyayivuyela inkqubo yophando lotyalo-mali kunye nocwangciso lwezemali okanye ukwesaba ukwenza loo nto ungayinaki imali yakho?
Ubungcali nolwazi luba ngaphantsi kwesigwebo esihle. Abanye abacebisi-mali kunye nabacwangcisi bezemali banokungathi banokuchaphazeleka ukuvakalelwa kunye nokugwetywa kakubi njengoko umyinge wenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, umcebisi olungileyo uya kujonga ngemali yakho ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uncede ukubeka imephu yendlela elandelayo ukuze ufikelele kwiinjongo zemali zakho zexesha elizayo xa uhlala ubomi bakho ngoku. Kungakanani oku kulungele kuwe? Mhlawumbi nokuba nolwazi lwakho lolwazi kunye nolwazi lwemicimbi yezemali lukhulu kunabo bacebisi abaninzi bezezimali kodwa ubunjani bokubaluleka kobomi kwisigqibo sakho?
Kwakhona, nokuba uyazenza okanye usebenzise ingcali, ukhetha umcebisi. Umbuzo uphepha apha: Ngaba ndifuna ukuziqesha okanye ndifuna ukuqesha umntu? Ukuba uqesha omnye umntu, ufuna ukufumana umntu osebenza phantsi kwesakhiwo esikhuthaza ezo zinto ezintle (ukuthobeka, ukunyaniseka, ukulula, ukulungelelanisa nokuchithwa) okukhankanywe ngaphambili. Oku kuphelisa abacebisi abaninzi abahlawulwa kuphela ngamakhomishini kunye / okanye abo bavuselelwa yimveliso abayithengisayo. Ngamanye amagama, awudingi umthengisi - ufuna umcebisi ongakhethiweyo ongekho mntu ngaphandle kwakho.
Cinga iNgxowa-mthwalo ye-Mthwalo kwaye khetha phakathi kwezona zilungileyo
Ukufumana "okulungileyo" kwanto nantoni ngokwenene kusebenza ngokuzimela; oko kusebenza kumntu omnye kunokungabonakali kolunye. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa kwiingxowa-mali zomnye, kukho ezinye iinkampani ezingenasisigxina zezimali ezibonelela ngeyona nto ibonelele ngakumbi kumntu ngamnye.
Akukho bukhulu obufanayo-obufanayo-yonke intsapho yomhlala-mali okanye inkampani yokutyalomali. Ngako-ke akukho nanye indlela yokuhamba nayo ekufumaneni i-best stop stop stop for investing. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo unganciphisa ukhetho ngokuqwalasela oko kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-investor yezilumko-iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha, ukulinganiswa kweendleko eziphantsi, iingcamango zokutsalwa kwezakhono kunye nokuphathwa kwamagunya ukubiza imiqondiso embalwa yexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Iine zezindlu ezintle ezingekho mthwalo zeengxowa-mali ziquka i- Vanguard Investments , Investment Fidelity , T. Rowe Price , kunye ne- PIMCO .
Qaphela: I-PIMCO inokukhethwa kweyona ndlela ikhethileyo yeengxowa-mali ezilawulwa ngokusebenzayo. Kwakhona, akuzona zonke iimali ze-Fidelity ayikho mthwalo. Kananjalo banesabelo seengcebiso kunye neemali ezilayishiwe.
Indlela yoPhando kunye nokufumana iifom zeyona ndlela
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi iklasi yesigaba (okanye ingekho isabelo sigaba) okhethayo, kuqiqile ukwenza ngokwakho uphando, kunokushiya omnye umntu, kuquka umcebisi othembekileyo.
Uphando lwe-Mutual fund luyakwenza kube lula ngethuluzi elifanelekileyo lophando lwe-intanethi. Ingaba ungumqali okanye umzekelo kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuthenga imali engcono engabikho mthwalo, ubuyekeze imali ekhoyo ekhoyo, uqhathanise kunye neefowuni ezahlukeneyo okanye uzama nje ukufunda into entsha, iisayithi zokucwaninga ngemali, ezifana I-Morningstar , inokuba luncedo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukukhangela "izikrini" kwizixhobo zabo ze-intanethi zivumela umtyalo-mali ukuba anciphise uphando lwabo lwemali engekho mthwalo kunye nemali ekhishiwe. Uninzi lwamaziko okucwaninga ngeengxowa-mali ze-intanethi zifuna ukuba ubhalise kwi-"free" okanye "ukungena kwi-premium".
Yazi Iirhafu zeeNkcitho zeeMali zeMual Funds
Okwangoku, uqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba ukugcina iindleko kunye neentlawulo eziphantsi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufumana iimali zentsebenziswano. Ngaphambi kokwenza uphando lwakho, kufuneka ube negalelo elilungileyo lokuba ulindele ntoni ngeendleko zentlawulo. Kukho imali eninzi yokubambisana kunye namaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-average-cost to select from the world. Ngoko ke ungahlali kwixabiso elininzi xa unako ukufumana umgangatho ongezantsi kwaye uphezulu! Nantsi ukuphazamiseka nokuthelekiswa kwemilinganiselo yeendleko eziqhelekileyo kwiintlobo zeengxowa-mali ezisisiseko :
I-Cap-Capital Stock Fund: 1.25%
Phakathi kwe-Cap Stock Funds: 1.35%
I-Small-Cap Stock Fund: 1.40%
Iimali zeeNgxowa-mali zangaphandle: 1.50%
Iikholeji ze-S & P 500 Iikholeji: 0.15%
Iimali zeBond: 0.90%
Xa utyalo-mali (ngokukodwa kunye nenkampani yokuxhaswa ngemali okanye i-discount broker) ungalokothi uthenge i-fund efanayo kunye namaxabiso aphezulu ngaphezu kwezi! Phawula ukuba iindleko zendleko zitshintshi ngecandelo le-fund. Isizathu esibalulekileyo salokhu kukuba iindleko zophando zolawulo lweepotfoliyo ziphezulu kwiindawo ezithile zeendawo, ezifana nezitokhwe ezincinci kunye nezitokhwe zangaphandle, apho ulwazi alufumaneki ngokulula xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani ezinkulu zasekhaya. Kwakhona uhlalutyo lwemali lulawulwa ngokunganyanzelwanga . Ngenxa yoko iindleko zingagcinwa kakhulu.
Qaphela: Le miba yinto endiyayibiza ngokuthi "ukulinganisa okufutshane" kwaye ithathwe ngqo kwi-software yami yamashishini e-Morningstar. Unokufumana kwakhona amanani afanayo kwiindawo ezininzi zophando lweengxowa-mali .
Cinga ngeeNgxowa-mali ngeeNgxowa-mali ngeMali eLawulayo
Kutheni i-index index ikhuphe imali elawulwa ngempumelelo ? Kwixesha elingaphezu kwexesha elide, iimali zenkcazo zemali zibuyele eziphezulu kunokuba zisebenzisana nabo ngokuzimeleyo ngezizathu ezilula.
Iimali zenkcazo, njenge -S & P 500 Index Index , zijoliswe ukufanisa iibhanki (amasheya ezinkampani) kunye nokusebenza kwemilinganiselo yemarike yemasheya, njengeS & P 500. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokuba uphando olunzulu kunye nohlalutyo olufunekayo ukuze kufuna iisitokthi ezingenza ngcono kunezinye ngexesha lokunika ixesha elifanelekileyo.
Kwakhona abaphathi beengxowa-mali banomntu, oko kuthetha ukuba banomdla wemoya womntu, njengokuhaha, ukukhathazeka kunye ne-hubris. Ngokwemvelo, umsebenzi wabo ukubetha imarike, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bathabathe umngcipheko werhwebo olongezelelweyo ukuze bafumane iimbuyekezo eziyimfuneko ukuze bafumane ezo ntlawulo. Ngako oko, ukuhlengahlengisa kususa uhlobo lomngcipheko esinokubiza ngokuba "ngumngcipheko kumphathi." Akukho mngcipheko wangempela wesiphambeko somntu kunye nomphathi weengxowa-mali, ubuncinane ngokukhetha kwezinto. Nangona umphathi weengxowa-mali osebenzayo okwazi ukuphepha ukuthinteka kweemvakalelo zabo zomntu akakwazi ukuphunyuka ukungahambi ngendlela engafanelekiyo yexesha.
Okugqwesileyo kuzo zonke iindleko, ezichazwe njengeNkcitho yoNyathelo , yokulawula inkcazo yenkcazo ephantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nakwezo mali ezibandakanyeke ngokukhawuleza kwimilinganiselo. Ngamanye amagama, kuba abaphathi beengxowa-mali abazame "ukubetha imarike" banokukugcina (umtyalomali) imali engakumbi ngokugcina iindleko zolawulo phantsi kwaye ngokugcina ezo ndleko zokugcina imali ezibekwe kwi-fund.
Uninzi lweengxowa-mali zilinganise iindleko ezingaphantsi kwe-0.20%, kanti umyinge-mali olawulayo olawulwayo uya kuba neendleko ze-1,50% okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokwemyinge, utyalo-mali-mali-mali unokuqala unyaka ngamnye nge-1.30% intloko eqala kwiimali ezilawulwa ngempumelelo. Oku kungabonakali njengenzuzo enkulu kodwa i-1.00% ekhokelayo rhoqo ngonyaka yenza kube nzima ukuba abaphathi bezimali baxhaphaze ukubetha imali yeenkcazo kwixesha elide. Nabo abaphathi bezimali abangcono kakhulu kwihlabathi abakwazi ukubetha ngokuqhubekayo i-S & P 500 iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5 kwaye ukugijima kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuphumelela ngokumalunga neendleko ezinkulu zeemarike kungekudala kungabonakali kwihlabathi lokutshala imali.
Cinga indlela eLazy yePortfolio yoTyalo-mali
Njengengxelo yokugqibela, kukho ezinye iindidi zeeklasi zesebe, ezifana ne-K Shares, ii-Sha Shares, ii-Shares, ii-Shares kunye nee-Shares ezingakhange zikhankanywe apha. Ukutshala imali kufuneka kube lula kwaye kungabhubhisi izinto eziphambili kwizinto zokuphila ezifana nempilo, intsapho kunye nokufuna ulonwabo. Ngako-ke sebenzisa umcebisi othembekileyo okanye utyalole kwipotfoliyo elula yeendleko eziphantsi, i-indexed load index.
Unokufumana inzuzo yephothifoliyo yevila, eqokelela ukutyalomali olufuna ukugcinwa kancinane. Kucingwa njengesicwangciso- mali sokusondeza , esenza iiphothifoliyo ezinobuhle zifaneleke kubaxhasi-mali bexesha elide kunye neehorizons zexesha elingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Iiphothifoliyo ezinobuqili zinokuthathwa njengento yokuthenga nokugcina isicwangciso-mali sokutyala , esenza kakuhle kubatyalomali abaninzi kuba kunciphisa amathuba okwenza izigqibo ezingekho phantsi kweemvakalelo ezithinteleyo, ezifana nokuloyika, ukuhaha kunye nokukhathazeka, ekuphenduleni okungalindelekanga, ukunyuka kweehorityhulam elifutshane. Iipofofoliyo ezintle zetekisi zikwazi ukufumana ukubuyisela ngaphezu kwe-average ukubuyisela ngelixa zithatha ingozi engaphantsi kwe-average ngenxa yezinye izinto eziphambili ezi zinto zilula, "uyibeke kwaye uyibale" isicwangciso.